Safety and Health at Work最新文献_第4页

Risk for Diabetes From Long Working Hours and Night Work in the United States: Prospective Associations and Machine Learning Techniques 在美国，长时间工作和夜间工作对糖尿病的风险：前瞻性关联和机器学习技术

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.005

Elizabeth Keller , Liwei Chen , Feng Gao , Jian Li

Background

Diabetes contributes significantly to death in the U.S., with many working-age individuals affected. This research determined the independent and joint associations of long working hours and night work with diabetes risk in U.S. workers, and their contribution to risk prediction.

Methods

This prospective study included 1,454 workers from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study with 9-year follow-up. Long working hours included those working 55 or more hours per week. Night work involved those working 16 or more nights per year. Diabetes was determined by self-reported diagnosis or treatment. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was applied to examine the prospective association of these work-related factors at baseline with incident diabetes. A gradient boosting machine learning model was used to investigate the contributions of both factors in predicting incident diabetes.

Results

Long working hours (RR and 95% CI = 1.60 [1.04, 2.46], p < 0.05) and night work (RR and 95% CI = 1.66 [1.05, 2.62], p < 0.05) were independently associated with the risk for diabetes, while controlling for baseline covariates. Gradient boosting analysis suggested long working hours and night work facilitated diabetes incidence. Exposure to both long working hours and night work increased the risk for diabetes (RR and 95% CI = 3.02 [1.64, 5.58], p < 0.001), suggesting additive interaction.

Conclusion

Organizations may consider reducing hours on duty and improving shift systems for primary prevention of diabetes.

在美国，糖尿病是导致死亡的重要因素，许多工作年龄的人都受到影响。这项研究确定了长时间工作和夜间工作与美国工人糖尿病风险的独立和联合关联，以及它们对风险预测的贡献。方法本前瞻性研究纳入1454名来自美国中年（MIDUS）研究的工人，随访9年。长时间工作包括每周工作55小时或以上的人。夜班是指每年工作16个或以上的人。糖尿病通过自我报告的诊断或治疗来确定。应用多变量泊松回归分析来检验这些工作相关因素在基线时与糖尿病发生的前瞻性关联。使用梯度增强机器学习模型来研究这两个因素在预测糖尿病发病率方面的贡献。结果长时间工作（RR和95% CI = 1.60 [1.04, 2.46], p < 0.05）和夜间工作（RR和95% CI = 1.66 [1.05, 2.62], p < 0.05）与糖尿病风险独立相关，同时控制基线协变量。梯度增强分析表明，长时间工作和夜间工作有利于糖尿病的发生。长时间工作和夜间工作增加了患糖尿病的风险（RR和95% CI = 3.02 [1.64, 5.58], p < 0.001），表明两者相互作用。结论机构可考虑减少值班时间和改进轮班制度以预防糖尿病。

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引用次数: 0

Enterprise Characteristics Were Associated With Adherence to a Dialog-based Inspection Practice Aimed at Improving Occupational Safety and Health in Denmark 企业特点与遵守旨在改善丹麦职业安全和健康的基于对话的检查实践有关

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.002

Mikala E. Jakobsen, Asta Kjærgaard, Emilie M. Rudolf, Julie Palmqvist, Jeppe Z.N. Ajslev

Background

Risks in the psychosocial and ergonomic working environment can be complex and difficult for labor inspectors to uncover. In 2020, authorities implemented a dialog-based inspection practice in order to improve the working environment in all types of Danish enterprises.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 3183 enterprises and stemmed from a quasi-experiment, Agreement To Problem-solve (ATP), implemented nation-wide by Danish authorities. Enterprises that were offered an ATP could accept this voluntary agreement if the labor inspectors suspected a complex health and safety problem, especially problems in the psychosocial or ergonomic working environment. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to investigate associations between enterprise characteristics and fulfillment of the ATP.

Results

In total, 2335 enterprises fulfilled an ATP from 2020 to 2023. Compared to Public administration, education and health care, the industries Industrial, raw materials and supply and Trade, transportation etc. had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) of fulfilling the agreement [OR: 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53; 0.92 and OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.46; 0.80, respectively]. Enterprises with more than 35 employees had a significantly higher probability of fulfilling the agreement than enterprises with 1–9 employees. The OR of fulfillment regarding ergonomics was 0.75 times that of the psychosocial (95% CI: 0.58; 0.98).

Conclusion

This dialog-based inspection practice showed promising results in regards to addressing and terminating suspicions regarding the psychosocial and ergonomic working environment. The enterprises' industry, number of employees, and type of occupation safety and health problem were associated with fulfillment of this dialog-based inspection practice.

社会心理和人体工程学工作环境中的风险对劳动检查员来说可能是复杂和难以发现的。2020年，当局实施了基于对话的检查实践，以改善所有类型丹麦企业的工作环境。方法研究样本由3183家企业组成，源于丹麦当局在全国范围内实施的准实验——问题解决协议（ATP）。如果劳动监察员怀疑存在复杂的健康和安全问题，特别是在社会心理或人体工程学工作环境方面的问题，向提供ATP的企业可以接受这一自愿协议。我们使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来研究企业特征与ATP实现之间的关系。结果2020 - 2023年，共有2335家企业完成了ATP。与公共管理、教育和卫生保健行业相比，工业、原材料和供应、贸易、运输等行业履行协议的优势比（OR）显著降低[OR: 0.70, 95%可信区间（CI）： 0.53；0.92和OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.46；分别为0.80)。员工人数超过35人的企业履行协议的概率显著高于员工人数为1-9人的企业。人体工程学方面的满意度OR是心理社会方面的0.75倍（95% CI: 0.58; 0.98）。这种基于对话的检查实践在解决和消除对社会心理和人体工程学工作环境的怀疑方面显示了有希望的结果。企业的行业、雇员人数以及职业安全和健康问题的类型与这种基于对话的检查实践的实施有关。

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引用次数: 0

Confounding Effects of Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Risk Estimation for Occupational Radiation Exposure 职业辐射照射癌症风险评估中生活方式因素的混杂效应

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.003

Eun Jung Park , Ye Jin Bang , Won Jin Lee

Background

The confounding effect of lifestyle factors is an important concern in occupational studies, particularly when the risk magnitude is relatively small. This study aimed to evaluate the potential confounding effects of lifestyle factors on the association between radiation exposure and cancer incidence.

Methods

Data from all Republic of Korean diagnostic medical radiation workers enrolled in the national dose registry were merged with cancer incidence records up to 2018. Excess relative risks (ERRs) for cancer were calculated using Poisson regression models to quantify the radiation dose-response relationship. Major lifestyle factors were imputed using multiple imputations by chained equations based on survey data. The confounding effects were assessed by comparing ERRs before and after adjustment for lifestyle factors.

Results

The baseline ERR for cancer incidence per Sievert was 0.44 (95% CI: -0.94, 1.83) after adjusting for attained age, sex, birth year, and employment duration. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical exercise, sleep duration, and night shift work) did not substantially modify this risk coefficient, with change-in-estimate values ranging from 0% to 13.6%. Sensitivity analyses conducted with the survey-based cohort and sex-stratified analyses yielded consistent results.

Conclusion

Our study found little evidence of significant confounding effects from unmeasured lifestyle factors on cancer risk when basic registry data variables were adjusted among medical radiation workers. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of unmeasured and unknown confounders to improve the accuracy of radiation risk estimates.

生活方式因素的混杂效应在职业研究中是一个重要的问题，特别是当风险幅度相对较小时。本研究旨在评估生活方式因素对辐射暴露与癌症发病率之间关系的潜在混杂效应。方法将在国家剂量登记处登记的所有韩国诊断医疗放射工作人员的数据与截至2018年的癌症发病率记录合并。使用泊松回归模型计算癌症的过量相对危险度（ERRs），以量化辐射剂量-反应关系。以调查数据为基础，采用链式方程对主要生活方式因素进行多重拟合。通过比较调整生活方式因素前后的ERRs来评估混杂效应。结果在调整了达到的年龄、性别、出生年份和工作时间后，每西弗癌症发生率的基线ERR为0.44 （95% CI: -0.94, 1.83）。进一步调整生活方式因素（吸烟状况、饮酒、体重指数、体育锻炼、睡眠时间和夜班工作）并没有实质性地改变这一风险系数，估计值的变化范围为0%至13.6%。采用基于调查的队列和性别分层分析进行的敏感性分析得出了一致的结果。结论我们的研究发现，当对医疗放射工作者的基本登记数据变量进行调整时，没有证据表明未测量的生活方式因素对癌症风险有显著的混淆作用。有必要进一步研究未测量和未知混杂因素的影响，以提高辐射风险估计的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Geographical Fast-food Restaurant Density, Workplace Eating Behaviors, and Obesity Among Firefighters 地理快餐店密度，工作场所饮食行为和消防员的肥胖

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.03.003

Javier Garcia Rivas , Margaret Whitley , BongKyoo Choi

Background

Obesity rates in the general population are influenced by the local food environment. However, no epidemiological studies have examined how the food environment near the workplace may influence obesity outcomes, especially for occupational groups like firefighters who have high obesity prevalence. This article investigates the direct and indirect pathways between geographical fast-food restaurant density (GFFRD) and obesity among 227 professional firefighters.

Methods

We used three clinically assessed obesity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percent) as outcome variables and self-reported eating habits as mediating variables collected with a firefighter-specific questionnaire. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore both direct and indirect pathways, acknowledging the exploratory nature of this analysis given the limited foundational research in occupational fast-food density.

Results

We found a statistically significant but small indirect association between GFFRD and obesity measures, mediated by organizational and individual-level eating behaviors, with potential implications for occupational health at a population level.

Conclusions

The study findings contribute to the evidence on how the food environment near the workplace influences obesity risk through eating behaviors. These insights may inform interventions targeting dietary habits in firefighters and other shift workers to mitigate workplace-related obesity risks.

背景：一般人群的肥胖率受当地食物环境的影响。然而，没有流行病学研究调查工作场所附近的食物环境如何影响肥胖的结果，特别是对于像消防员这样的高肥胖率的职业群体。本文调查了227名职业消防员地理快餐店密度与肥胖之间的直接和间接关系。方法：我们使用三种临床评估的肥胖指标（体重指数、腰围和体脂率）作为结果变量，并通过消防员特定问卷收集自我报告的饮食习惯作为中介变量。我们采用结构方程模型（SEM）来探索直接和间接途径，承认这种分析的探索性，因为职业快餐密度的基础研究有限。结果我们发现GFFRD与肥胖测量之间存在统计学上显著但较小的间接关联，由组织和个人层面的饮食行为介导，对人群层面的职业健康具有潜在影响。研究结果为工作场所附近的食物环境如何通过饮食行为影响肥胖风险提供了证据。这些见解可能为针对消防员和其他轮班工人的饮食习惯进行干预提供信息，以减轻与工作场所相关的肥胖风险。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Shift Working and Brain Morphometric Changes in Workers: A Voxel-wise Comparison 轮班工作与工人脑形态变化之间的关系：体素比较

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.02.004

Joon Yul Choi , Sungmin Kim , Yongho Lee , Dohyeon Kim , Wanhyung Lee

Objective

There is abundant evidence from observational studies linking various health problems to shift work, but there is a lack of brain-based neurological evidence. Therefore, we examined morphometric changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between shift and non-shift workers.

Methods

A total 111 healthy workers participated in this study and underwent brain MRI, with the analysis incorporating merged workers' health surveillance data from regional hospital workers. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was used to investigate regional changes in the gray matter volume. To investigate the association of structural changes between shift workers and non-shift workers, a general linear model and threshold-free cluster enhancement were used with covariates, including total intracranial volume, age, and sex.

Results

After family-wise error correction, non-shift workers exhibited a significantly larger cerebellar region (p < 0.05) than shift workers. Conversely, the inferior parietal gyrus was found to be significantly larger in shift workers than in non-shift workers with family-wise error correction.

Conclusions

We observed increased clusters in the brains of both shift and non-shift workers, suggesting that the acquired occupational environment, including the shift work schedule, could influence brain neuroplasticity, which is an important consideration for occupational health.

目的观察性研究中有大量证据表明轮班工作与各种健康问题有关，但缺乏基于大脑的神经学证据。因此，我们研究了轮班工人和非轮班工人在脑磁共振成像（MRI）上的形态学变化。方法对111名健康职工进行脑MRI检查，并合并地区医院职工健康监测数据进行分析。采用基于体素的形态测定法分析脑灰质体积的区域变化。为了研究轮班工人和非轮班工人之间的结构变化的关联，我们使用了一个一般的线性模型和无阈值聚类增强，协变量包括颅内总容积、年龄和性别。结果在家庭纠错后，非轮班工人的小脑区显著增大(p <；0.05)。相反，顶叶下回被发现在轮班工人明显大于非轮班工人与家庭明智的错误纠正。结论倒班工人和非倒班工人的大脑中都有增加的簇，这表明获得性职业环境，包括倒班工作时间表，可能会影响脑神经可塑性，而脑神经可塑性是职业健康的重要考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

Work Exposome and Related Disorders of Firefighters: An Overview of Systematized Reviews 消防员的工作暴露和相关疾病：系统化综述

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.003

Alexis Descatha , Hugues Dousseau , Sabrina Pitet , Francis Magnolini , Neil McMillan , Neil Mangelsdorf , Rick Swan , Jean-Marie Steve , Didier Pourret , Marc Fadel

Introduction

Firefighters experience many exposures associated with negative health outcomes. Because of this, there are many studies on the subject. Our objective here was to conduct an umbrella review of systematized reviews to identify firefighting activities and related exposures associated with negative health outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (Health) was conducted using all firefighter systematized reviews. We extracted the country and date of the review, type of firefighter, types of exposure, and related health outcomes. Risk of bias was based on AMSTAR-2 checklist.

Results

In 1130 studies, 47 systematized reviews were included, mostly in the last 5 years and from North America and Australia. The topics were diverse, ranging from general aspects to specific exposures, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, wildland fires, organizational, traumatic, or psychological stress exposure, and from prevention or surveillance to specific health effects (e.g., cancer, mental health, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular, and pulmonary health, etc.). The risk of bias assessment using the selection grid shows a significant heterogeneity, though some studies were of very high quality.

Discussion

This umbrella review provides a comprehensive description of systematized reviews describing populations of firefighters, including information on exposure, health outcomes, and illness/injury prevention.

消防员经历了许多与负面健康结果相关的暴露。正因为如此，有很多关于这个主题的研究。我们的目标是对系统化审查进行总括性审查，以确定与负面健康结果相关的消防活动和相关暴露。方法综合检索PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus (Health)，采用所有消防系统综述。我们提取了审查的国家和日期、消防员类型、暴露类型和相关的健康结果。偏倚风险基于AMSTAR-2检查表。结果共纳入1130项研究，47项系统评价，主要来自北美和澳大利亚，研究时间近5年。主题多种多样，从一般方面到具体暴露，如多环芳烃、野火、组织、创伤或心理压力暴露，从预防或监测到具体的健康影响（如癌症、精神健康、肌肉骨骼疾病、心血管和肺部健康等）。使用选择网格的偏倚风险评估显示出显著的异质性，尽管一些研究的质量非常高。本总括性综述提供了对描述消防员人群的系统化综述的全面描述，包括暴露、健康结果和疾病/伤害预防方面的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Moderating Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on the Association of Job Demands and Job Resources With Psychological Distress Among Japanese Employees: A Cross-sectional Study 社会心理安全气候对日本员工工作需求、工作资源与心理困扰关系的调节作用：一项横断面研究

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.02.001

Akiomi Inoue , Hisashi Eguchi , Yuko Kachi , Akizumi Tsutsumi

Background

We examined the moderating (buffering or amplifying) effect of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) on the association of job demands (psychological demands) and job resources (job control, supervisor support, coworker support, and extrinsic reward) with psychological distress among Japanese employees.

Methods

A self-report web-based questionnaire was administered to 2,200 employees (1,100 men and 1,100 women) registered with a Japanese private online survey company. The questionnaire included scales on job demands and job resources (the Job Content Questionnaire and the short-form Effort–Reward Imbalance Questionnaire), PSC (the 12-item PSC scale), and psychological distress (the K6 scale) and items on participants' demographic and occupational characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, work form, and working hours per week). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed using psychological distress as a dependent variable. Interaction terms of job demands and job resources with PSC were included.

Results

There was a significant interaction effect of psychological demands with PSC on psychological distress (β = −0.053, p = 0.008), adjusted for demographic and occupational characteristics. Post hoc simple slope analysis showed that the simple slope of psychological demands was lesser at higher levels of PSC (1 standard deviation above the mean) (β = 0.101, p < 0.001) than at lower levels (1 standard deviation below the mean) (β = 0.199, p < 0.001). No significant interactions were observed between job resources and PSC.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that PSC buffers the positive association of psychological demands with psychological distress.

背景：本研究考察了社会心理安全气候（PSC）在工作需求（心理需求）和工作资源（工作控制、主管支持、同事支持和外在奖励）与日本员工心理困扰之间的调节（缓冲或放大）作用。方法对在日本一家私人在线调查公司注册的2200名员工（1100名男性和1100名女性）进行网络自我报告问卷调查。问卷内容包括工作需求和工作资源量表（工作内容问卷和简短的努力-回报失衡问卷）、PSC量表（12项PSC量表）和心理困扰量表（K6量表），以及人口统计学和职业特征量表（年龄、性别、教育程度、职业、工作形式、每周工作时间）。以心理困扰为因变量进行分层多元回归分析。包括工作需求和工作资源与PSC的交互作用项。结果经人口统计学和职业特征调整后，心理需求与PSC对心理困扰的交互作用显著（β = - 0.053, p = 0.008）。事后简单斜率分析显示，PSC水平越高，心理需求的简单斜率越小（比平均值高1个标准差）(β = 0.101, p <；0.001)比较低水平（低于平均值1个标准差）(β = 0.199, p <；0.001)。工作资源与PSC之间没有显著的相互作用。结论PSC可缓冲心理需求与心理困扰的正相关关系。

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引用次数: 0

Artisanal Gold Mining in Mongolia: Silica Exposure and Silicosis Risk Factors-Field Survey 蒙古手工金矿开采：二氧化硅暴露和矽肺病风险因素-实地调查

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.005

Densenbal Dansran , Ichinnorov Dashtseren , Garamjav Khishigdavaa , Solongo Bandi , Byambadolgor Dagviikhorol , Naransukh Damiran , Bayanmunkh Tseden , Bat-Erdene Moyor , Jun-Pyo Myong

Background

Silicosis remains a critical occupational health challenge, particularly among artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM). This study investigates the prevalence of silicosis and its associated risk factors, while assessing the levels of respirable dust and crystalline silica exposure in Mongolian artisanal miners.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 124 employees of the Tsagaan Tsakhir artisanal gold miners in Bayankhongor Province, Mongolia. Participants completed questionnaires and underwent medical exams, including spirometry and X-rays. Dust samples (n = 10) were collected during a working day, and the workplace was divided into underground exploration and outdoor grinding areas. Multivariate analysis evaluated risk factors for silicosis.

Results

Underground quarrying (dry) showed the highest exposures (dust geometric mean (GM): 8.107 mg/m³; silica GM: 2.156 mg/m³), followed by grinding (dust GM: 1.374 mg/m³; silica GM: 0.555 mg/m³). Wet quarrying and packaging tasks had significantly lower levels. A total of 124 male participants (mean age 35.9, mean work years 5.7) were included. Twenty four participants (19.4%) had silicosis, with 58% having profusion 2 or higher. Multivariate analysis showed increased odds of silicosis with longer work years (OR = 2.6) and specific work positions (e.g., underground drilling: OR = 6.23).

Conclusion

Artisanal gold miners in Mongolia face significant health risks due to high silica exposure and inadequate protective measures. Urgent interventions, including improved dust control and routine medical surveillance, are needed to mitigate silicosis risks in this vulnerable population.

矽肺病仍然是一个重要的职业健康挑战，特别是在手工和小规模金矿工人中。本研究调查了蒙古手工矿工矽肺病的患病率及其相关危险因素，同时评估了蒙古手工矿工的可吸入粉尘和结晶二氧化硅暴露水平。方法采用横断面调查方法，对蒙古巴彦淖尔省察坎察希尔族手工采金工人124名进行调查。参与者完成了问卷调查，并接受了包括肺活量测定和x光检查在内的医学检查。每个工作日采集粉尘样本（n = 10），工作场所分为地下勘探区和室外磨矿区。多因素分析评估矽肺的危险因素。结果地下采石（干采）暴露量最高，粉尘几何平均（GM）为8.107 mg/m3；二氧化硅GM: 2.156 mg/m3)，其次是研磨(粉尘GM: 1.374 mg/m3；二氧化硅GM: 0.555 mg/m3)。湿采石和包装任务的水平明显较低。共纳入124名男性参与者（平均年龄35.9岁，平均工作年限5.7年）。24名参与者（19.4%）患有矽肺，其中58%患有重度2级或以上。多变量分析显示，工作年限较长（OR = 2.6）和特定工作岗位（如地下钻探：OR = 6.23）增加矽肺病的发病率。结论蒙古手工采金工人因高硅暴露和防护措施不足，面临重大健康风险。需要采取紧急干预措施，包括改进粉尘控制和常规医疗监测，以减轻这一脆弱人群的矽肺病风险。

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引用次数: 0

Europe's Overlooked Health and Hygiene Issues in Migrant Worker Housing: A Call for Action 欧洲移民工人住房中被忽视的健康和卫生问题：行动呼吁

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.001

Yogindra Samant , Mireya R. Fabregat , Mahinda Seneviratne

This paper examines the overlooked health and hygiene challenges faced by migrant workers in Europe, focusing on their substandard housing conditions. Migrant workers, crucial to sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and healthcare, are often housed in overcrowded, unsanitary environments that contribute to serious health risks. Poor ventilation, inadequate sanitation, and pest infestations lead to the spread of infectious diseases, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal ailments. Additionally, the psychosocial impact of insecure living conditions—stress, anxiety, and depression—further harms workers' well-being. These housing issues intersect with occupational hazards, exacerbating the health burden for workers in demanding, highrisk jobs. Despite the gravity of these problems, there is a significant lack of data and research, hindering effective policy action. The paper calls for stronger regulations on housing quality, improved access to healthcare, and enhanced occupational health measures to protect migrant workers. It also advocates for increased research and international cooperation to address these issues. The paper urges key stakeholders like the ILO, WHO, and ICOH to collaborate on developing comprehensive strategies to improve housing, health, and safety for migrant workers, ensuring their health and well-being is prioritized in policy and practice across Europe, and globally.

本文考察了欧洲移民工人面临的被忽视的健康和卫生挑战，重点关注他们不合标准的住房条件。移徙工人对农业、制造业和医疗保健等部门至关重要，他们往往被安置在过度拥挤、不卫生的环境中，造成严重的健康风险。通风不良、卫生条件不佳、虫害肆虐会导致传染病、呼吸系统疾病和胃肠道疾病的传播。此外，不安全的生活条件带来的心理社会影响——压力、焦虑和抑郁——进一步损害了工人的福祉。这些住房问题与职业危害交织在一起，加剧了从事高要求、高风险工作的工人的健康负担。尽管这些问题很严重，但严重缺乏数据和研究，阻碍了有效的政策行动。该文件呼吁加强对住房质量的监管，改善获得医疗保健的机会，并加强保护农民工的职业健康措施。它还提倡加强研究和国际合作以解决这些问题。该文件敦促国际劳工组织、世卫组织和国际劳工组织等主要利益攸关方合作制定全面战略，改善移民工人的住房、健康和安全，确保他们的健康和福祉在欧洲乃至全球的政策和实践中得到优先考虑。

{"title":"Europe's Overlooked Health and Hygiene Issues in Migrant Worker Housing: A Call for Action","authors":"Yogindra Samant , Mireya R. Fabregat , Mahinda Seneviratne","doi":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the overlooked health and hygiene challenges faced by migrant workers in Europe, focusing on their substandard housing conditions. Migrant workers, crucial to sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and healthcare, are often housed in overcrowded, unsanitary environments that contribute to serious health risks. Poor ventilation, inadequate sanitation, and pest infestations lead to the spread of infectious diseases, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal ailments. Additionally, the psychosocial impact of insecure living conditions—stress, anxiety, and depression—further harms workers' well-being. These housing issues intersect with occupational hazards, exacerbating the health burden for workers in demanding, highrisk jobs. Despite the gravity of these problems, there is a significant lack of data and research, hindering effective policy action. The paper calls for stronger regulations on housing quality, improved access to healthcare, and enhanced occupational health measures to protect migrant workers. It also advocates for increased research and international cooperation to address these issues. The paper urges key stakeholders like the ILO, WHO, and ICOH to collaborate on developing comprehensive strategies to improve housing, health, and safety for migrant workers, ensuring their health and well-being is prioritized in policy and practice across Europe, and globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56149,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Health at Work","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 255-257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Earned Sick Leave Policy on Worker Wellbeing Across Industries 带薪病假政策对各行业工人福利的影响

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.007

Hannah I. Rochford , Aurora B. Le

Background

Earned sick leave (ESL) policies enable employees to have paid time off to address short-term, individual, or familial health needs. In the U.S., ESL is not federally mandated, but state ESL adoption has increased. Despite this increase, if and how ESL policies impact nonfatal illness/injury reporting by workers remain unknown.

Methods

Average treatment effect on the treated estimates of ESL policies were reached using two-way fixed effects and Gardner's two-stage difference-in-differences approach. Annual state rates of occupational nonfatal illness/injury reports were derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for each North American Industry Classification. ESL policy data were accessed from Temple University Center for Public Health Law Research's Law Atlas.

Results

In states that adopted ESL prior to 2019, two-way fixed effect analyses suggest a marginally significant increase in rates of nonfatal illness/injury reports across industries (+0.064 cases per 100 full-time workers, p = 0.10) following the implementation of ESL policies. Industries with low proportions of insured employees did not experience a change in reported illness/injury following ESL policy adoption. Industries with high proportions of employees with known barriers to care also experienced no change in reported illness/injury post ESL adoption.

Conclusion

ESL policy enactment is a promising strategy for improving worker wellbeing by encouraging reporting to employers and foreseeably increasing use of time off for illness/injury recovery. However, results also suggest ESL policies do not benefit all employees to the same extent.

带薪病假（ESL）政策使员工能够有带薪休假来解决短期、个人或家庭健康需求。在美国，ESL并不是联邦强制要求的，但是各州对ESL的采用有所增加。尽管这种增长，ESL政策是否以及如何影响工人的非致命性疾病/伤害报告仍然未知。方法采用双向固定效应和Gardner的两阶段差中差法对ESL政策的处理估计达到平均处理效果。职业非致命疾病/伤害报告的年度州率来自劳工统计局的每个北美行业分类。ESL政策数据来自天普大学公共卫生法研究中心的法律地图集。在2019年之前采用ESL的州，双向固定效应分析表明，在实施ESL政策后，各行业的非致命性疾病/伤害报告率略有显著增加（每100名全职工人+0.064例，p = 0.10）。保险员工比例低的行业在采用ESL政策后，报告的疾病/受伤情况没有变化。在那些有较高比例的员工在护理方面存在障碍的行业中，采用ESL后报告的疾病/受伤情况也没有变化。esl政策的制定是一项有希望的策略，通过鼓励员工向雇主报告，并可预见地增加病假/伤病康复的使用，可以改善员工的福利。然而，结果也表明，ESL政策并不是对所有员工都有同样的好处。

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引用次数: 0