Journal of Adolescent Health最新文献

英文中文

Accelerating Well-being for Adolescents Through Transformative Public Policy: A Framework for Action 通过变革性公共政策加速青少年的福祉：行动框架

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.03.013

Sarah Baird Ph.D. , Saini Das Ph.D. , Sara Luckenbill , Erin Oakley Ph.D. , Prerna Banati Ph.D.

Purpose

As governments around the world are shaping policy responses to advance adolescent well-being and protect their rights, the tools and resources to strengthen policy foundations, and ultimately improve their effectiveness, remain limited. This paper proposes a framework to support policy action with an explicit adolescent focus and applies it to two illustrative case studies to unpack the underlying policy conditions for success.

Methods

We develop an analytic framework with an adolescent lens that focuses on the full policy life-course, from development, to implementation, to evaluation. We then choose two illustrative case studies to apply this framework — 1) abolition of secondary school fees policy in Kenya and 2) age of marriage law in Mexico. These cases were chosen based on the existence of rigorous causal evidence of effect, alignment of salience with expert opinions, broad-based implications for adolescents across contexts, and varied levels of success at achieving intended outcomes.

Results

Our framework identified six key components as critical foundations for adolescent-focused policies: (1) policy features and costs, (2) implementation considerations, (3) participatory approach, (4) inclusion and coverage, (5) policy appropriateness, and (6) monitoring and evaluation, each with key adolescent-specific elements. We find that the majority of the essential policy elements are addressed in the school fees abolition policy (Kenya), but are sparser in the age of marriage law (Mexico). The results also highlight the lack of decentralized monitoring as well as meaningful adolescent engagement at any level of policy development as potential drivers of ineffectiveness of adolescent-centric policies.

Discussion

Our adolescent policy analysis framework can serve as an important tool to define principles in the development of effective adolescent policies. It also can serve as a useful evaluation tool to unpack the ‘black box’ of policy effectiveness when combined with robustly estimated effects.

目的世界各国政府都在制定促进青少年福祉和保护其权利的政策应对措施，但加强政策基础并最终提高其有效性的工具和资源仍然有限。本文提出了一个支持以青少年为明确重点的政策行动的框架，并将其应用于两个说明性案例研究中，以揭示取得成功的基本政策条件。然后，我们选择了两个说明性案例研究来应用这一框架--1）肯尼亚取消中学学费政策；2）墨西哥结婚年龄法。我们选择这两个案例的依据是：存在严格的效果因果证据、突出性与专家意见一致、对不同背景下的青少年具有广泛的影响，以及在实现预期结果方面取得了不同程度的成功。结果我们的框架确定了青少年政策的六个关键基础要素：(1) 政策特点与成本，(2) 实施考虑因素，(3) 参与式方法，(4) 包容性与覆盖面，(5) 政策适宜性，以及 (6) 监督与评估，每个要素都有针对青少年的关键因素。我们发现，取消学费政策（肯尼亚）涉及到了大部分基本政策要素，而结婚年龄法（墨西哥）则较少涉及。我们的青少年政策分析框架可以作为一个重要的工具，用于确定制定有效青少年政策的原则。当与可靠的效果估算相结合时，它还可以作为一种有用的评估工具来揭开政策效果的 "黑箱"。

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引用次数: 0

Opportunities to Improve Liver Transplantation Outcomes in Adolescents 改善青少年肝移植结果的机遇

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.07.002

Swati Antala M.D., Joseph DiNorcia M.D.

引用次数: 0

Advancing Impactful Research for Adolescent Health and Wellbeing: Key Principles and Required Technical Investments 推进对青少年健康和福祉有影响的研究：关键原则和所需的技术投资

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.001

Peter Azzopardi Ph.D. , Terryann C. Clark R.N., Ph.D. , Larissa Renfrew M.S. , Marie Habito Ph.D. , Shanthi Ameratunga M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D., M.P.H.

Purpose

Substantial progress in adolescent health research has been made over recent decades, but important knowledge gaps remain.

Methods

Informed by targeted reviews of the literature, expert consultation, and authors' collective experiences, we propose future directions in adolescent health research.

Results

We identified five key principles on how future research must be approached alongside what technical investments are required to act on them. Principles: 1. Research with adolescents must be decolonizing in practice, dismantling systems of oppression, exploitation, and cultural dominance; 2. Research must recognize socio-political, structural, and commercial determinants of adolescent health; 3. Research must be developmentally and contextually appropriate, reflecting adolescents’ evolving capacities and increasingly complex and intersecting determinants of health; 4. Research must be strengths-based – moving away from problematizing adolescents and/or their behaviours toward focusing on their strengths as levers for change; and 5. Research must be built on a foundation of respectful partnerships as a right, and because adolescents have unique knowledge and skills to contribute. Technical investments: 1. Sampling techniques and approaches that provide equity of opportunity for all to participate; 2. High-quality descriptive studies from all nations to understand adolescents' ever-evolving contexts, needs and assets; 3. Investment in what works within each context and for whom through trials and robust assessments/evaluations; and 4. Implementation science research strategies.

Discussion

Adolescent health research will require reorientation and innovation in both how we approach research and what technical investments are required to improve the health and wellbeing of adolescents now and into the future.

目的近几十年来，青少年健康研究取得了长足进步，但仍存在重要的知识差距。方法通过有针对性的文献综述、专家咨询和作者的集体经验，我们提出了青少年健康研究的未来方向。结果我们确定了未来研究必须遵循的五项关键原则，以及为实现这些原则所需的技术投资。原则1.2. 研究必须认识到青少年健康的社会政治、结构和商业决定因素；3. 研究必须适合青少年的发展和环境，反映青少年不断发展的能力以及日益复杂和相互交织的健康决定因素；4. 研究必须以优势为基础--从将青少年和/或其行为问题化转向关注他们的优势，将其作为变革的杠杆；5.研究必须建立在相互尊重的伙伴关系基础之上，因为青少年拥有独特的知识和技能。技术投资：1.为所有人提供公平参与机会的抽样技术和方法；2.来自所有国家的高质量描述性研究，以了解青少年不断变化的背景、需求和资产；3.通过试验和强有力的评估/评价，投资于在各种背景下对哪些人有效；以及4.实施科学研究战略。讨论青少年健康研究需要重新定位和创新，既要考虑如何开展研究，也要考虑需要进行哪些技术投资，以改善青少年现在和未来的健康和福祉。

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引用次数: 0

Risk and Protective Factors for the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young Adolescents: Lessons Learnt in the Past Decade and Research Priorities Moving Forward 青少年性健康和生殖健康的风险和保护因素：过去十年的经验教训和未来的研究重点

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.03.007

Caroline W. Kabiru M.P.H., Ph.D. , Helen H. Habib M.P.H., Ph.D. , Sam Beckwith Ph.D. , Anthony Idowu Ajayi M.Sc., Ph.D. , Sheila Mukabana M.Dev. , Beryl Nyatuga Machoka M.Sc. , Robert Wm Blum M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D. , Anna E. Kågesten M.P.H., Ph.D.

Purpose

To review the published literature on what has been reported on risk and protective factors for early adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the recent decade.

Methods

A scoping review of English language, peer-reviewed literature on risk and protective factors for early adolescent (aged 10–14 years) SRH published between January 2010 and January 2023 using Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Articles reporting only on nonmodifiable demographic factors, or on the effect of interventions, were beyond the scope of this review.

Results

Of 11,956 screened records, 118 were included of which half (49.2%) were published since 2018. Most articles (44.9%) presented research conducted in North America, followed by sub-Saharan Africa (20.3%) and East Asia and Pacific (16.1%). Five percent were based on multicountry studies or reported on pooled global data. Two-thirds (61.0%) reported on quantitative cross-sectional research designs, and 78.8% included both females and males. The most common SRH outcomes were sexual behaviors (34.7%); sexual and dating violence (28.8%); and sexual attitudes, beliefs, and intentions (19.5%). Most (83.0%) articles reported on risk/protective factors at the individual level, followed by interpersonal (family 58.5%, peers 33.0%, partners 11.9%), school (21.2%), and community (15.2%) factors. None of the included articles reported on macro/structural-level factors.

Discussion

While there has been growing attention to risk/protective factors for early adolescent SRH, gaps remain with regards to study contexts (mainly North America), focus (mostly individual factors), and conceptualizations (generally risk-oriented). We offer recommendations for research priorities over the coming decade.

目的回顾近十年来有关青少年早期性与生殖健康（SRH）风险和保护因素的已发表文献。方法使用 Medline、Web of Science、PsycInfo、CINAHL 和 Google Scholar 对 2010 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月间发表的有关青少年早期（10-14 岁）性与生殖健康风险和保护因素的英语同行评审文献进行范围界定。仅报告不可改变的人口学因素或干预效果的文章不在本次综述范围之内。结果在11956条筛选记录中，118条被收录，其中一半（49.2%）发表于2018年之后。大多数文章（44.9%）介绍了在北美进行的研究，其次是撒哈拉以南非洲（20.3%）和东亚及太平洋地区（16.1%）。5%的文章基于多国研究或汇集全球数据进行报告。三分之二（61.0%）的研究报告采用了定量横断面研究设计，78.8%的研究既包括女性也包括男性。最常见的性健康和生殖健康结果是性行为（34.7%）；性暴力和约会暴力（28.8%）；以及性态度、信仰和意向（19.5%）。大多数文章（83.0%）报告了个人层面的风险/保护因素，其次是人际因素（家庭 58.5%、同伴 33.0%、伴侣 11.9%）、学校因素（21.2%）和社区因素（15.2%）。讨论尽管青少年性健康和生殖健康早期风险/保护因素日益受到关注，但在研究背景（主要是北美）、重点（主要是个人因素）和概念（一般以风险为导向）方面仍存在差距。我们对未来十年的研究重点提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Gender-Transformative Interventions for Young Adolescents: What Have We Learned and Where Should We Go? 针对青少年的性别转变干预措施：我们学到了什么，我们该何去何从？

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.016

Kristin Mmari Dr.P.H. , Callie Simon M.P.H. , Ravi Verma Ph.D.

Purpose

To identify the key facilitators and barriers to implementing gender-transformative interventions among young adolescents (ages 10–14 years) in low- and middle-income countries and provide recommendations for guiding the next generation of intervention approaches.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature was first conducted to identify articles that contained the following inclusion criteria: (1) included 10- to 14-year-olds as a target population; (2) addressed gender inequality as a pathway to improved health; (3) implemented in a low- and middle-income country context; and (4) published between 2010 and 2023. Two databases, Scopus and PubMed, were searched as well as the gray literature. Additionally, to collect critical reflections on gender-transformative interventions, two expert meetings and four key informant interviews were conducted.

Results

Among the 59 articles which were retrieved and reviewed, 30 were evaluations of specific gender-transformative interventions and the remaining 29 included literature reviews or critical reflections of gender-transformative interventions. Three key themes emerged from our analysis: (1) tailoring approaches for both boys and girls; (2) incorporating multilevel approaches; and (3) engaging multiple sectors, such as health, education, and sports. In each theme, we highlight the primary challenges as well as promising practices for implementation.

Discussion

Efforts should continue unpacking the characteristics of intervention approaches where positive results are found among boys and girls in both implementation and impact. In terms of both multilevel and multisectoral programming, more evidence is needed to help identify which intervention activities should target which populations at what levels and how much to achieve positive impacts among young adolescents.

目的确定在低收入和中等收入国家的青少年（10-14 岁）中实施性别变革干预措施的主要促进因素和障碍，并为指导下一代干预方法提供建议。方法首先对文献进行范围审查，以确定包含以下纳入标准的文章：(1) 将 10 至 14 岁儿童作为目标人群；(2) 将性别不平等作为改善健康的途径；(3) 在中低收入国家实施；(4) 发表于 2010 年至 2023 年之间。我们检索了 Scopus 和 PubMed 两个数据库以及灰色文献。结果在检索和审查的 59 篇文章中，有 30 篇是对特定性别变革干预措施的评估，其余 29 篇包括对性别变革干预措施的文献综述或批判性反思。我们的分析提出了三个关键主题：(1) 为男孩和女孩量身定制方法；(2) 采用多层次方法；(3) 涉及多个部门，如卫生、教育和体育部门。在每个主题中，我们都强调了实施过程中面临的主要挑战以及有前途的做法。讨论我们应继续努力解读干预方法的特点，在这些方法的实施和影响方面，男孩和女孩都取得了积极成果。在多层次和多部门规划方面，需要更多的证据来帮助确定哪些干预活动应针对哪些人群、在哪些层面开展、开展多少才能对青少年产生积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

Why Do Adolescents and Young Adults Discontinue Gender-Affirming Medical Treatments? There Is No Simple Answer 为什么青少年会放弃确认性别的医学治疗？答案并不简单

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

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Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.07.009

André Gonzales Real M.D., M.Sc., Stephen T. Russell Ph.D.

引用次数: 0

Potential Changes to the Adolescent Immunization Schedule: Implications for the Stability of Adolescent Immunization Platform Visits 青少年免疫接种时间表的潜在变化：对青少年免疫接种平台访问稳定性的影响

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

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Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.07.010

Amy B. Middleman M.D., M.S.Ed., M.P.H. , Gregory D. Zimet Ph.D.

引用次数: 0

Looking at Global Mental Health Models to Prevent Youth Suicide in the United States 审视全球心理健康模式，预防美国青少年自杀。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.07.022

Carolina Vélez-Grau Ph.D., L.C.S.W. , Kiara Alvarez Ph.D.

引用次数: 0

The Changing Landscape of Adolescent and Young Adult Substance Use 青少年和年轻成人药物使用情况的变化。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.07.024

Lauren A. Bell M.D., M.P.H. , Scott E. Hadland M.D., M.P.H., M.S.

引用次数: 0

Misinformation Related to Discontinuation and Regret Among Adolescents Receiving Gender-Affirming Care 在接受性别确认护理的青少年中，与中止和后悔相关的错误信息。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Adolescent Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.08.002

Kacie M. Kidd M.D., M.S., Gina M. Sequeira M.D., M.S.

引用次数: 0

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