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The Orthodox Population of Siberia in the 18th Century in the Works of Participants in Academic and Government Expeditions 学术和政府考察参与者作品中的 18 世纪西伯利亚东正教人口
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623070122

Abstract

This article, based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific works and materials of participants in the D.G. Messerschmidt (1719–1727), Second Kamchatka (1733–1743), Academician J.-N. Delisle (1740), physical (1768–1774), and Northeastern geographical and astronomical (1785–1795) expeditions, dedicated to the Orthodox population of Siberia, presents the geographical and ethnographic dynamics of Orthodox Christianity in the region. The author’s use of the cognitive tools of the “imperial paradigm” made it possible to consider the process of Christianization of the indigenous peoples of Siberia and its coverage in the works of expedition participants as a component of the cultural policy of the Russian Empire that correlates with enlightenment. As shown in the study, academic and government expeditions to Siberia were one of the effective means of implementing and adjusting this policy. The assistance and direct participation of travelers in the baptism into Orthodoxy and the education of Siberian ethnic groups, the peculiarities of the indigenous population’s perception of the new religion, and the attitude towards the values of civilization are studied from the standpoint of “anthropological” and “pragmatic” methodological turns. It has been established that the expedition participants, representing various directions of Christianity, showed exemplary religious tolerance in the spread of Orthodoxy and education among the local population of Siberia. Travelers recorded the penetration of Orthodox Christianity in the 18th century to most regions of Siberia and the multiethnic composition of its flock. It is concluded that the noted cases of nonacceptance of the new faith and the religious syncretism of the aborigines, caused by the peculiarities of the cultures and ecologies of the ethnic groups, and the spread of Islam and Buddhism in Siberia required the continuation and adjustment of the confessional and cultural policy of Russia in the region.
摘要 本文在全面分析 D.G. Messerschmidt（1719-1727 年）、第二次堪察加探险（1733-1743 年）、J.-N. Delisle 院士（1740 年）、物理探险（1768-1774 年）以及东北地理和天文探险（1785-1795 年）参与者的科学著作和资料的基础上，介绍了为西伯利亚东正教居民进行的探险。该书介绍了该地区东正教的地理和人种动态。作者利用 "帝国范式 "的认知工具，将西伯利亚原住民的基督教化进程及其在探险参与者作品中的体现视为俄罗斯帝国文化政策的一个组成部分，与启蒙运动相关联。如本研究所示，对西伯利亚的学术和政府考察是实施和调整这一政策的有效手段之一。本研究从 "人类学 "和 "实用主义 "方法论的角度出发，研究了旅行者协助和直接参与西伯利亚少数民族接受东正教洗礼和教育的情况、土著居民对新宗教的特殊认识以及对文明价值观的态度。考察结果表明，代表不同基督教派别的考察团成员在西伯利亚当地居民中传播东正教和教育时表现出了堪称典范的宗教宽容。旅行者们记录了东正教在 18 世纪渗透到西伯利亚大部分地区的情况，以及东正教信徒的多民族构成。结论是，由于各民族文化和生态的特殊性，以及伊斯兰教和佛教在西伯利亚的传播，原住民不接受新信仰和宗教杂交的情况屡见不鲜，这就要求俄罗斯继续并调整在该地区的宗教和文化政策。
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引用次数: 0
The Reading Range of Students of Theological Schools in the First Half of the 19th Century 19 世纪上半叶神学院学生的阅读范围
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623070079
A. V. Mangileva
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引用次数: 0
Between Two World Wars: The Beginning of Epidemiological Transition in Western Siberia (1914–1939) 两次世界大战之间：西西伯利亚流行病学转型的开端（1914-1939 年）
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080075

Abstract

The main trends in the genesis of epidemiological transition are discussed. The geographical scope of this article is limited to a typical provincial region of Russia, Western Siberia. Based on the analysis of changes in the structure of the causes of mortality in their historical retrospective, several attempts at epidemiological transition that ended with a false start have been identified.
摘要 讨论了流行病转型的主要趋势。本文的地理范围仅限于俄罗斯一个典型的省区--西西伯利亚。根据对死亡原因结构变化的历史回顾分析，确定了几次以错误开始而告终的流行病学转型尝试。
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引用次数: 0
Russian Urban Famili in the 1890s–1930s 19 世纪 90 年代至 1930 年代的俄罗斯城市家庭
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080026

Abstract

Based on current statistics and population censuses, it is shown that at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the number of simple two-parent families in the cities of Russia increased, while that of complex multigenerational families decreased, and the relationships between spouses and parents and children changed. The decline in fertility and mortality rates, directly effected in the family, coincided with the beginning of the demographic transition. In the new conditions of the 1920s and 1930s, the number of children in the urban family and its type and size, as well as intrafamily relationships, changed significantly. The reduction in fertility and mortality rates of the population, which affected the family, indicated the development of the demographic transition. At the same time, it is emphasized that the urban family remained generally traditional.
摘 要 根据当前的统计数据和人口普查，19 世纪至 20 世纪之交，俄罗斯城市中简单的双亲家庭数量增 加，而复杂的多代同堂家庭数量减少，配偶、父母和子女之间的关系也发生了变化。生育率和死亡率的下降直接影响到家庭，与人口结构转型的开始相吻合。在二十世纪二三十年代的新形势下，城市家庭的子女数量、家庭类型和规模以及家庭内部关系都发生了重大变化。人口生育率和死亡率的下降对家庭产生了影响，表明了人口结构转型的发展。与此同时，需要强调的是，城市家庭总体上仍然是传统的。
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引用次数: 0
The Tobol’sk Bishop’s House as an Actor of the Colonization of Siberia in the 17th Century 作为 17 世纪西伯利亚殖民化演员的托博尔斯克主教府
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623070080
I. L. Man’kova
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引用次数: 0
Patriarch Tikhon and the Preservation of the Old Calendar Style in the Russian Orthodox Church 提洪牧首与俄罗斯东正教会对旧历风格的保留
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623070110
S. G. Petrov
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引用次数: 0
On the History of the Formation of a Corpus of Liturgical Texts Dedicated to the Holy Righteous Simeon of Verkhotur’e 论献给维尔霍图尔埃的圣义西蒙的礼仪文本语料库的形成史
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623070067
P. I. Mangilev
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引用次数: 0
Events of the Past in Works by Writers of the Patriarchal Circle of the Second Half of the 17th century 17 世纪下半叶宗主教圈作家作品中的往事
IF 0.5 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623070109
T. V. Panich
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引用次数: 0
A New Stage in the Development of the Land Reclamation and Water Management Complex of the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦土地复垦和水管理综合体发展的新阶段
4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623020132
V. A. Shevchenko, S. D. Isaeva, E. B. Dedova
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引用次数: 0
Migration Processes in Africa and the Problem of Security On the Occasion of the Second Russia–Africa Summit 非洲移民进程与安全问题——在第二次俄罗斯-非洲首脑会议之际
4区 综合性期刊 Q2 Social Sciences
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623010124
G. M. Sidorova, N. A. Zherlitsyna
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引用次数: 0
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