Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53016
Juliana de Souza Pereira, Priscila Izidro de Figuêiredo, Jefferson Souza dos Anjos, F. Campos, G. G. Araújo, T. V. Voltolini
The objective was to evaluate the forage yield and structural responses of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) at different planting densities. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments and four replicates, during two production cycles of 12 months each. The evaluated densities were 20,000; 25,000; 33,333; 50,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1. The increase in planting density caused a linear reduction in plant height, width, and mass, as well as in number of primary, secondary, tertiary, and overall cladodes. It also caused a linear increase in cladode area index, dry and green yield, water use efficiency, and forage accumulation rate. The increase in planting density promoted a quadratic effect on cladode thickness and dry matter content. Cladode thickness decreased with planting densities up to 47,500 plants ha-1 and increased from this point onwards. As for dry matter content, there was an increase up to the planting density of 61,428 plants ha-1 and a decrease from this point onwards. The increase in planting density of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ caused changes in structural responses and in forage yield. The use of greater planting densities increased forage yield.
目的是评价无刺仙人掌Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.))的饲料产量和结构响应。不同的种植密度。试验设计为随机区组，5个处理，4个重复，2个生产周期，每个周期12个月。评估密度为2万;25000;33333;50000;10万株ha-1。种植密度的增加导致植物株高、株宽、株质量以及初级、次级、三级枝和总枝的数量呈线性减少。同时使枝部面积指数、干绿产量、水分利用效率和牧草积累率呈线性增加。种植密度的增加促进了枝部厚度和干物质含量的二次效应。枝层厚度随着种植密度的增加而减小，最高可达47500株hm -1;干物质含量在种植密度为61428株hm -1时呈上升趋势，此后呈下降趋势。无刺仙人掌“Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”种植密度的增加引起了结构响应和饲料产量的变化。采用较大的种植密度可提高牧草产量。
{"title":"Forage yield and structural responses of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ at different planting densities","authors":"Juliana de Souza Pereira, Priscila Izidro de Figuêiredo, Jefferson Souza dos Anjos, F. Campos, G. G. Araújo, T. V. Voltolini","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53016","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the forage yield and structural responses of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) at different planting densities. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments and four replicates, during two production cycles of 12 months each. The evaluated densities were 20,000; 25,000; 33,333; 50,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1. The increase in planting density caused a linear reduction in plant height, width, and mass, as well as in number of primary, secondary, tertiary, and overall cladodes. It also caused a linear increase in cladode area index, dry and green yield, water use efficiency, and forage accumulation rate. The increase in planting density promoted a quadratic effect on cladode thickness and dry matter content. Cladode thickness decreased with planting densities up to 47,500 plants ha-1 and increased from this point onwards. As for dry matter content, there was an increase up to the planting density of 61,428 plants ha-1 and a decrease from this point onwards. The increase in planting density of spineless cactus ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ caused changes in structural responses and in forage yield. The use of greater planting densities increased forage yield.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52953
Erisson Lubacheski do Amaral, L. G. Woyann, Douglas Rodrigo Baretta, D. R. Gobatto, Giovanni Silva de Paula, J. M. Kafer, José Eduardo Lubacheski do Amaral, T. Finatto
Grain size is an essential trait in common bean breeding as it determines the acceptance of a new cultivar by producers, consumers, and the industry. The objectives of this study were to identify the ideal traits for selecting common bean lines in the F3 generation to obtain an adequate sieve yield and to identify the best lines for sieve yield by applying early generation selection. Two trials were conducted in two locations during the 2016/2017 crop season. These trials were composed of 300 F3 populations and two parents (used as checks). The experimental design used was an augmented block design without repetition for the treatments (lineages). After harvest, the grain yield, yield components, and sieve yield (SY) were evaluated. In conclusion, selection in the F3 generation can be performed for sieve yield, considering the traits SY12+13, SY14, and relative grain yield, as they present the highest values of heritability and greatest correlation between genotype and performance in the evaluated environments. Additionally, the lines selected to continue in the breeding program are composed of the 15 best lineages for traits SY12+13, SY14, and relative grain yield. Preference should be given to lines that excel in more than one of these traits.
{"title":"Selection for grain size and sieve yield in F3 common bean genotypes using linear mixed models","authors":"Erisson Lubacheski do Amaral, L. G. Woyann, Douglas Rodrigo Baretta, D. R. Gobatto, Giovanni Silva de Paula, J. M. Kafer, José Eduardo Lubacheski do Amaral, T. Finatto","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52953","url":null,"abstract":"Grain size is an essential trait in common bean breeding as it determines the acceptance of a new cultivar by producers, consumers, and the industry. The objectives of this study were to identify the ideal traits for selecting common bean lines in the F3 generation to obtain an adequate sieve yield and to identify the best lines for sieve yield by applying early generation selection. Two trials were conducted in two locations during the 2016/2017 crop season. These trials were composed of 300 F3 populations and two parents (used as checks). The experimental design used was an augmented block design without repetition for the treatments (lineages). After harvest, the grain yield, yield components, and sieve yield (SY) were evaluated. In conclusion, selection in the F3 generation can be performed for sieve yield, considering the traits SY12+13, SY14, and relative grain yield, as they present the highest values of heritability and greatest correlation between genotype and performance in the evaluated environments. Additionally, the lines selected to continue in the breeding program are composed of the 15 best lineages for traits SY12+13, SY14, and relative grain yield. Preference should be given to lines that excel in more than one of these traits.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81032421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53136
J. M. Nascimento, D. E. Silva, C. Juchem, J. Ferla, R. T. L. Silva, L. L. C. Corrêa, L. Johann, N. J. Ferla
Phytophagous mites can cause economic losses in many crops, including grapevines. The changes in their population levels may be associated with changes in the predator-prey relationship. Knowledge of the distribution of mites in plants is important for planning sampling strategies and facilitating control decisions. The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the abundances of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Phytoseiidae), and the correlations between them and environmental factors; (ii) determine their distribution on the top, middle, or base strata of the evaluated grapevines (Vitis vinifera, Chardonnay cultivar) and, additionally, report the first occurrence of damage caused by T. urticae in grapevine leaves in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Sixteen samplings were conducted, divided between the 2018 and 2019 seasons. In each sampling, three leaves from the three strata of the plant (top, middle, and base) were collected from 20 plants, totaling 60 leaves per sampling. The predator-prey relationship and their association with environmental variables were evaluated with multivariate correlation, whereas the number of mites per plant leaf strata was compared using a generalized linear mixed model in R software. It was possible to observe the symptoms of damage caused by T. urticae attacks on grapevines in Southern Brazil, characterized by the presence of yellow spots and general yellowing of the vineyard. Our findings indicate that T. urticae and N. californicus individuals are strongly associated with each other regardless of the environmental variables, and such relationship occurs mainly on the lower strata (middle and base leaves) of grapevines. Thus, by taking into account the damage on the leaves of grapevines and the occurrence of T. urticae and N. californicus majorities on specific strata of these vineyards, we suggest that the lower strata of grapevines should be the priority targets for management strategies to control such mites.
{"title":"Predator-prey relationship in the vertical distribution of mites on grapevines","authors":"J. M. Nascimento, D. E. Silva, C. Juchem, J. Ferla, R. T. L. Silva, L. L. C. Corrêa, L. Johann, N. J. Ferla","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53136","url":null,"abstract":" Phytophagous mites can cause economic losses in many crops, including grapevines. The changes in their population levels may be associated with changes in the predator-prey relationship. Knowledge of the distribution of mites in plants is important for planning sampling strategies and facilitating control decisions. The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the abundances of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Phytoseiidae), and the correlations between them and environmental factors; (ii) determine their distribution on the top, middle, or base strata of the evaluated grapevines (Vitis vinifera, Chardonnay cultivar) and, additionally, report the first occurrence of damage caused by T. urticae in grapevine leaves in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Sixteen samplings were conducted, divided between the 2018 and 2019 seasons. In each sampling, three leaves from the three strata of the plant (top, middle, and base) were collected from 20 plants, totaling 60 leaves per sampling. The predator-prey relationship and their association with environmental variables were evaluated with multivariate correlation, whereas the number of mites per plant leaf strata was compared using a generalized linear mixed model in R software. It was possible to observe the symptoms of damage caused by T. urticae attacks on grapevines in Southern Brazil, characterized by the presence of yellow spots and general yellowing of the vineyard. Our findings indicate that T. urticae and N. californicus individuals are strongly associated with each other regardless of the environmental variables, and such relationship occurs mainly on the lower strata (middle and base leaves) of grapevines. Thus, by taking into account the damage on the leaves of grapevines and the occurrence of T. urticae and N. californicus majorities on specific strata of these vineyards, we suggest that the lower strata of grapevines should be the priority targets for management strategies to control such mites.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76858944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53096
Julia Abati, C. Zucareli, Cristian Rafael Brzezinski, I. O. N. Lopes, F. C. Krzyzanowski, L. Moraes, F. A. Henning
Seed coat characteristics may be related to seed quality and longevity, attracting the interest of breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the water absorption parameters and storage tolerance of soybean seeds with contrasting seed coat characteristics. For this purpose, seeds of five soybean cultivars with different seed coat colors and lignin contents were used. Before storage, the seed coat lignin content, moisture content, water absorption rate in 11 hydration periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 32, and 48 hours), hydration speed index, germination, viability, and seed vigor were determined. After six months of storage in a dry and cold chamber (at 11ºC and 54% relative humidity [RH]) and uncontrolled environment (at 25ºC and 71% RH), the seeds were evaluated for germination, viability, and vigor to quantify changes in their physiological quality during storage and relate them to the seeds water absorption parameters for the different cultivars. The seed coat lignin content is negatively correlated with the seeds water absorption parameters. Soybean cultivars have different storage tolerance levels. Seeds that absorb larger amounts of water have lower tolerance to deterioration related to temperature and relative humidity fluctuations that occur in storage under uncontrolled conditions, negatively affecting the physiological potential of seeds.
{"title":"Water absorption and storage tolerance of soybean seeds with contrasting seed coat characteristics","authors":"Julia Abati, C. Zucareli, Cristian Rafael Brzezinski, I. O. N. Lopes, F. C. Krzyzanowski, L. Moraes, F. A. Henning","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53096","url":null,"abstract":"Seed coat characteristics may be related to seed quality and longevity, attracting the interest of breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the water absorption parameters and storage tolerance of soybean seeds with contrasting seed coat characteristics. For this purpose, seeds of five soybean cultivars with different seed coat colors and lignin contents were used. Before storage, the seed coat lignin content, moisture content, water absorption rate in 11 hydration periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 32, and 48 hours), hydration speed index, germination, viability, and seed vigor were determined. After six months of storage in a dry and cold chamber (at 11ºC and 54% relative humidity [RH]) and uncontrolled environment (at 25ºC and 71% RH), the seeds were evaluated for germination, viability, and vigor to quantify changes in their physiological quality during storage and relate them to the seeds water absorption parameters for the different cultivars. The seed coat lignin content is negatively correlated with the seeds water absorption parameters. Soybean cultivars have different storage tolerance levels. Seeds that absorb larger amounts of water have lower tolerance to deterioration related to temperature and relative humidity fluctuations that occur in storage under uncontrolled conditions, negatively affecting the physiological potential of seeds.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85749322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52475
Dâmiany Pádua Oliveira, M. Rufini, F. A. D. Martins, J. S. Silva, Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão, M. Santana, Messias José Bastos de Andrade, F. M. Moreira
The BRSMG Uai common bean cultivar (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) unites traits required by producers, such as high yield and upright stands, the latter of which is considerably improved in relation to previously released cultivars such as BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola. However, the potential of the cultivar to form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia to fix N2 has not yet been assessed. Here, field experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in the cultivar, and to compare this to the efficiencies of other genetic materials widely grown throughout Brazil (BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola). Experiments were conducted on two Oxisols in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (one during the dry season in the south, and the other during the winter season in the Alto-Paranaíba region), under a no-tillage system over maize stover. A randomized block experimental design was implemented in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Individual and combined Analysis of Variance were performed and the data were normalized. Homogeneity of the residual mean squares was observed. Significant effects of factors were identified by Scott-Knott tests and F tests. The BRSMG Uai cultivar responded to inoculation with the rhizobial strain CIAT 899, with yields similar to those achieved upon fertilization with 80 kg ha-1 of N-urea and to the yields of the BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola cultivars inoculated with the same rhizobial strain. In terms of commercial use, this cultivar may be successful under either of the management practices adopted for N supply, and from the perspective of plant breeding, it has potential for inclusion in breeding programs directed toward improving BNF.
BRSMG Uai普通豆品种(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)结合了生产者所要求的性状，如高产和直立直立，后者与以前发布的BRSMG madrepsamola和psamola等品种相比有很大改善。然而，该品种与根瘤菌形成共生关系以固定N2的潜力尚未得到评估。在此，通过田间试验评估了该品种的生物固氮效率，并将其与巴西广泛种植的其他遗传物质(BRSMG madrepsamola和psamola)的效率进行了比较。在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的两个Oxisols(一个在南部的旱季，另一个在Alto-Paranaíba地区的冬季)进行了试验，采用玉米秸秆免耕系统。采用随机区组试验设计，采用3 × 3因子设计，共4个重复。进行个体和组合方差分析，并对数据进行归一化处理。观察残差均方的均匀性。通过Scott-Knott检验和F检验确定各因素的显著影响。BRSMG Uai品种对接种根瘤菌CIAT 899有响应，产量与施用80 kg hm -1 n -尿素时的产量相似，与接种同一根瘤菌的BRSMG madresamola和psamola品种的产量相似。就商业用途而言，该品种在两种氮素供应管理方法下都可能取得成功，从植物育种的角度来看，该品种有可能被纳入旨在改善BNF的育种计划。
{"title":"Inoculation with Rhizobium tropici can totally replace N-fertilization in the recently released BRSMG Uai bean cultivar","authors":"Dâmiany Pádua Oliveira, M. Rufini, F. A. D. Martins, J. S. Silva, Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão, M. Santana, Messias José Bastos de Andrade, F. M. Moreira","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52475","url":null,"abstract":"The BRSMG Uai common bean cultivar (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) unites traits required by producers, such as high yield and upright stands, the latter of which is considerably improved in relation to previously released cultivars such as BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola. However, the potential of the cultivar to form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia to fix N2 has not yet been assessed. Here, field experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in the cultivar, and to compare this to the efficiencies of other genetic materials widely grown throughout Brazil (BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola). Experiments were conducted on two Oxisols in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (one during the dry season in the south, and the other during the winter season in the Alto-Paranaíba region), under a no-tillage system over maize stover. A randomized block experimental design was implemented in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Individual and combined Analysis of Variance were performed and the data were normalized. Homogeneity of the residual mean squares was observed. Significant effects of factors were identified by Scott-Knott tests and F tests. The BRSMG Uai cultivar responded to inoculation with the rhizobial strain CIAT 899, with yields similar to those achieved upon fertilization with 80 kg ha-1 of N-urea and to the yields of the BRSMG Madrepérola and Pérola cultivars inoculated with the same rhizobial strain. In terms of commercial use, this cultivar may be successful under either of the management practices adopted for N supply, and from the perspective of plant breeding, it has potential for inclusion in breeding programs directed toward improving BNF.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88459264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.56129
R. Mohammadi, S. Golkari
An enhanced level of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum spp.) may be reached through combining agronomic and physiological traits associated with grain yield under drought conditions. We aimed to explore valuable diversity for the drought tolerance, existed in the core collection of Iranian spring bread wheat landraces. A number of 206 spring bread wheat accessions along with the check cultivar were assessed for grain yield, drought-adaptive traits, and estimated drought tolerance criteria during 2016-17 and 2017-18 growing seasons. Analysis of data using the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) approach revealed that the genotype x environment (GE) interactions accounted for the highest variation in grain yield (36.23%) followed by 1000-kernel weight (35.39%), heading date (21.4%), days to maturity (16.38%), and plant height (5.83%). Using the hierarchical cluster analysis and developed pattern heat map based on the values for the agronomic traits and drought resistance indices, the accessions clustered into nine groups of different sets of agronomic and drought tolerance characteristics. Several accessions with high yield potential, early heading, optimal plant stature and high drought tolerance groups were identified. Three drought selection criteria of stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean productivity (MP) were more effective in identifying accessions producing higher yield under both drought and irrigated conditions. The superior accessions identified in this study may be explored further for breeding new wheat cultivars with enhanced level of drought tolerance.
{"title":"Genetic resources for enhancing drought tolerance from a mini-core collection of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"R. Mohammadi, S. Golkari","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.56129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.56129","url":null,"abstract":"An enhanced level of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum spp.) may be reached through combining agronomic and physiological traits associated with grain yield under drought conditions. We aimed to explore valuable diversity for the drought tolerance, existed in the core collection of Iranian spring bread wheat landraces. A number of 206 spring bread wheat accessions along with the check cultivar were assessed for grain yield, drought-adaptive traits, and estimated drought tolerance criteria during 2016-17 and 2017-18 growing seasons. Analysis of data using the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) approach revealed that the genotype x environment (GE) interactions accounted for the highest variation in grain yield (36.23%) followed by 1000-kernel weight (35.39%), heading date (21.4%), days to maturity (16.38%), and plant height (5.83%). Using the hierarchical cluster analysis and developed pattern heat map based on the values for the agronomic traits and drought resistance indices, the accessions clustered into nine groups of different sets of agronomic and drought tolerance characteristics. Several accessions with high yield potential, early heading, optimal plant stature and high drought tolerance groups were identified. Three drought selection criteria of stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean productivity (MP) were more effective in identifying accessions producing higher yield under both drought and irrigated conditions. The superior accessions identified in this study may be explored further for breeding new wheat cultivars with enhanced level of drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75336059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53466
M. R. Araujo, D. Martins, M. J. Fornazier, K. Uramoto, P. S. Ferreira, R. Zucchi, W. Godoy
We investigated aggregation patterns in three fruit fly species economically important in Brazil, namely Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus, and A. obliqua. The study was carried out in a buffer zone and two neighbourhoods by comparing two-time series associated with the management strategy of fruit flies (systems approach). The abundance of these three species significantly decreased over the years with a negative binomial regression model describing the relationship between abundance and time in the entire area, buffer zone, and their neighbourhoods. In addition, the negative binomial model was also well fitted to the frequency distribution data of fruit flies in all analyzed scenarios. Anastrepha obliqua showed the highest aggregation degree, considering both the entire area and time series. A. fraterculus exhibited the lowest aggregation level, and C. capitata showed an intermediate degree. The buffer zone exhibited the highest aggregation degree for all species, and neighbourhood 2 exhibited the lowest aggregation degree. The aggregation degree was higher in the time series impacted by the systems approach than the series in the first years of its implementation.
{"title":"Aggregation and spatio-temporal dynamics of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in papaya orchards associated with different area delimitations in Brazil","authors":"M. R. Araujo, D. Martins, M. J. Fornazier, K. Uramoto, P. S. Ferreira, R. Zucchi, W. Godoy","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53466","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated aggregation patterns in three fruit fly species economically important in Brazil, namely Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus, and A. obliqua. The study was carried out in a buffer zone and two neighbourhoods by comparing two-time series associated with the management strategy of fruit flies (systems approach). The abundance of these three species significantly decreased over the years with a negative binomial regression model describing the relationship between abundance and time in the entire area, buffer zone, and their neighbourhoods. In addition, the negative binomial model was also well fitted to the frequency distribution data of fruit flies in all analyzed scenarios. Anastrepha obliqua showed the highest aggregation degree, considering both the entire area and time series. A. fraterculus exhibited the lowest aggregation level, and C. capitata showed an intermediate degree. The buffer zone exhibited the highest aggregation degree for all species, and neighbourhood 2 exhibited the lowest aggregation degree. The aggregation degree was higher in the time series impacted by the systems approach than the series in the first years of its implementation.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87963702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53213
R. Sousa, P. Osorio, Natália Pinto e Nosé, G. L. Arruda, T. P. Ferreira, Fernando Machado Haesbaert, G. R. Santos
The objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of F. verticillioides, in corn seeds, when inoculated in different phenological stages. The plants were inoculated with the pathogen at the following stages: V7, V9, R1, R2, R4, and R6. The experiments were conducted in pots, in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The fungus infection rate in the seeds was verified through the health test (Blotter Test). The significance of the contrast between the phenological stages and in the two experiments (rainy season and dry season), and productivity showed plant-seed transmission of F. verticillioides in all phenological stages. The PCR technique was able to reveal up to the lowest level, 1% incidence of F. verticillioides in corn seeds. There was a significant difference between the times of plant inoculation and the incidence of the fungus in the seeds. Plants inoculated in the reproductive phase transmitted F. verticillioides for seeds with the highest rate of infection, in the two experiments, in the rainy season (V7 - 48; V9 - 46; R1 - 77.33; R2 - 84; R4 - 96; R6 - 96.67; and Test - 14.67%), and dry season (V7 - 46.67; V9 - 66; R1 - 75.33; R2 - 95.33; R4 - 98; and R6 - 97.33%). In this way, the present work demonstrated that in the reproductive phenological stages R2, R4, and R6, the corn plant was more susceptible to infection with F. verticillioides, and that it also resulted in a decrease in grain productivity.
{"title":"Detection and transmission of Fusarium verticillioides in corn seeds according to the plant stage","authors":"R. Sousa, P. Osorio, Natália Pinto e Nosé, G. L. Arruda, T. P. Ferreira, Fernando Machado Haesbaert, G. R. Santos","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53213","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of F. verticillioides, in corn seeds, when inoculated in different phenological stages. The plants were inoculated with the pathogen at the following stages: V7, V9, R1, R2, R4, and R6. The experiments were conducted in pots, in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The fungus infection rate in the seeds was verified through the health test (Blotter Test). The significance of the contrast between the phenological stages and in the two experiments (rainy season and dry season), and productivity showed plant-seed transmission of F. verticillioides in all phenological stages. The PCR technique was able to reveal up to the lowest level, 1% incidence of F. verticillioides in corn seeds. There was a significant difference between the times of plant inoculation and the incidence of the fungus in the seeds. Plants inoculated in the reproductive phase transmitted F. verticillioides for seeds with the highest rate of infection, in the two experiments, in the rainy season (V7 - 48; V9 - 46; R1 - 77.33; R2 - 84; R4 - 96; R6 - 96.67; and Test - 14.67%), and dry season (V7 - 46.67; V9 - 66; R1 - 75.33; R2 - 95.33; R4 - 98; and R6 - 97.33%). In this way, the present work demonstrated that in the reproductive phenological stages R2, R4, and R6, the corn plant was more susceptible to infection with F. verticillioides, and that it also resulted in a decrease in grain productivity.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91350290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52785
A. D. S. Marques, P. Lopes, I. V. D. M. Oliveira, F. N. Lima, Í. Cavalcante
Apple tree has been experimentally grown Brazilian tropical semiarid. In these new regions, fertilizing management research for N and K is crucial to reach apple high yields. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of N and K fertilizing on fruit production, leaf chlorophyll and N and K nutritional status of apple cv. ‘Julieta’ grown in Brazilian tropical semiarid. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with treatments disposed in a factorial arrangement (4 x 4) referring to nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, and 120 g of N plant-1) and potassium doses (30, 60, 90, and 120 g of K2O plant-1), with three replications and three plants in each parcel. ‘Julieta’ apple trees propagated by grafting (with ‘M9 filter and Maruba rootstock) and transplanted in 2013 were used in this study. The following variables were evaluated: i) fruit production (kg plant-1); ii) number of fruits (in a plant); iii) leaf chlorophyll index (‘a’, ‘b’, and total); and iv) leaf N and K concentrations (g kg-1). N and K doses effects depend on the consecutive production cycles of apple cv. ‘Julieta’ grown in tropical semiarid. An adequate N supply is very important for the subsequent production cycle. K fertilization until 120 g plant-1 of K2O is not enough to supply K demand of apple cv. ‘Julieta’ grown in tropical semiarid. In tropical semiarid, 60-90 g plant-1 of N through fertirrigation is enough for ‘Julieta’ apple production.
在巴西热带半干旱地区试验种植了苹果树。在这些新区域，氮、钾的施肥管理研究是实现苹果高产的关键。为此，本试验旨在评价施氮、施钾对苹果果实产量、叶片叶绿素和氮、钾营养状况的影响。“朱丽叶”生长在巴西热带半干旱地区。试验设计采用随机分组，按因子排列(4 × 4)处理，涉及氮剂量(30、60、90和120 g N plant-1)和钾剂量(30、60、90和120 g K2O plant-1)， 3个重复，每个包3个植株。本研究采用2013年嫁接繁殖的‘Julieta’苹果树(M9滤池和Maruba砧木)。评估了以下变量:i)果实产量(kg plant-1);(一株植物)果实的数量;Iii)叶片叶绿素指数(‘a’、‘b’和total);iv)叶片氮、钾浓度(g kg-1)。施氮量和施钾量的影响取决于苹果的连续生产周期。“朱丽叶”生长在热带半干旱地区。充足的氮素供应对后续的生产周期非常重要。植株1期钾肥施肥至120 g K2O不足以满足苹果植株对钾的需求。“朱丽叶”生长在热带半干旱地区。在热带半干旱地区，通过施肥60-90克植株-1氮肥就足以生产“朱丽叶”苹果。
{"title":"Growing apples in tropical semiarid: N and K fertigation","authors":"A. D. S. Marques, P. Lopes, I. V. D. M. Oliveira, F. N. Lima, Í. Cavalcante","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.52785","url":null,"abstract":"Apple tree has been experimentally grown Brazilian tropical semiarid. In these new regions, fertilizing management research for N and K is crucial to reach apple high yields. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of N and K fertilizing on fruit production, leaf chlorophyll and N and K nutritional status of apple cv. ‘Julieta’ grown in Brazilian tropical semiarid. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with treatments disposed in a factorial arrangement (4 x 4) referring to nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, and 120 g of N plant-1) and potassium doses (30, 60, 90, and 120 g of K2O plant-1), with three replications and three plants in each parcel. ‘Julieta’ apple trees propagated by grafting (with ‘M9 filter and Maruba rootstock) and transplanted in 2013 were used in this study. The following variables were evaluated: i) fruit production (kg plant-1); ii) number of fruits (in a plant); iii) leaf chlorophyll index (‘a’, ‘b’, and total); and iv) leaf N and K concentrations (g kg-1). N and K doses effects depend on the consecutive production cycles of apple cv. ‘Julieta’ grown in tropical semiarid. An adequate N supply is very important for the subsequent production cycle. K fertilization until 120 g plant-1 of K2O is not enough to supply K demand of apple cv. ‘Julieta’ grown in tropical semiarid. In tropical semiarid, 60-90 g plant-1 of N through fertirrigation is enough for ‘Julieta’ apple production.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"353 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76475894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53296
E. F. Coelho, M. R. D. Santos, Elves de Almeida Souza, D. Melo, M. S. Campos
This study evaluated the effects of fertigation, banana biomass as a soil covering under drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation system on the root growth and distribution and their relations with chemical soil attributes, soil water availability, and productivity. This work was conducted in a field with banana 2.5 × 2.0 m spacing and irrigated every two days using a drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation system during the first crop cycle. The experiment followed a random block design with six treatments, two irrigation systems, two fertilization methods of fertigation and side-dressing, as well as two cultivation types with and without soil covering. Roots were collected from each plot using soil monoliths and digitalization allowed the determination of root length density, and diameter at several distances from the plant and at different soil depths. Total root length, density, and distribution by diameter were evaluated based on the treatment interactions with respect to the distance from the plant and the soil depth. Our results showed that the combination of the irrigation system, fertilizer application and soil covering influenced root growth and distribution. In addition, we found that the better soil conditions for root growth were in drip or micro-sprinkler systems with fertigation and cultivated biomass covering.
{"title":"Root distribution and its relations with soil chemical attributes and yield of banana under fertigation with and without soil covering","authors":"E. F. Coelho, M. R. D. Santos, Elves de Almeida Souza, D. Melo, M. S. Campos","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53296","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effects of fertigation, banana biomass as a soil covering under drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation system on the root growth and distribution and their relations with chemical soil attributes, soil water availability, and productivity. This work was conducted in a field with banana 2.5 × 2.0 m spacing and irrigated every two days using a drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation system during the first crop cycle. The experiment followed a random block design with six treatments, two irrigation systems, two fertilization methods of fertigation and side-dressing, as well as two cultivation types with and without soil covering. Roots were collected from each plot using soil monoliths and digitalization allowed the determination of root length density, and diameter at several distances from the plant and at different soil depths. Total root length, density, and distribution by diameter were evaluated based on the treatment interactions with respect to the distance from the plant and the soil depth. Our results showed that the combination of the irrigation system, fertilizer application and soil covering influenced root growth and distribution. In addition, we found that the better soil conditions for root growth were in drip or micro-sprinkler systems with fertigation and cultivated biomass covering.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82376645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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