Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54906
G. A. Mabasso, V. C. Siqueira, W. D. Quequeto, O. Resende, Vanderleia Schoeninger, E. A. S. Martins, E. P. Isquierdo
Drying is an important step in the post-harvest processes as a way of product conservation and quality preservation. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent drying of maize grains with different rest periods on the integrity of their micro- and macroscopic structures. Maize grains were harvested with a moisture content of 0.3399 ± 0.001 dry basis (db) and subjected to continuous and intermittent drying with 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours of rest period. An experimental fixed-bed dryer, with controlled drying air conditions at a temperature of 100 °C and air flow of 1.5 m3 min.−1 m−2 (12 m3 min.−1 m−3), was used. Continuous drying was completed with a moisture content of 0.1628 ± 0.0003 db, whereas intermittent drying was interrupted with 0.2195 ± 0.0002 db and resumed after rest. The drying rate, integrity through grain images, the conformation of particles through scanning electron microscopy, and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. The drying rate increased with an increase in the rest period, the increase in rest period reduced the intensity of cracks, and the reduction in rest period led to higher dispersion and reduction in the size of starch granules and lower integrity of cell membranes.
{"title":"Microscopy of maize grains subjected to continuous and intermittent drying","authors":"G. A. Mabasso, V. C. Siqueira, W. D. Quequeto, O. Resende, Vanderleia Schoeninger, E. A. S. Martins, E. P. Isquierdo","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54906","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is an important step in the post-harvest processes as a way of product conservation and quality preservation. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent drying of maize grains with different rest periods on the integrity of their micro- and macroscopic structures. Maize grains were harvested with a moisture content of 0.3399 ± 0.001 dry basis (db) and subjected to continuous and intermittent drying with 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours of rest period. An experimental fixed-bed dryer, with controlled drying air conditions at a temperature of 100 °C and air flow of 1.5 m3 min.−1 m−2 (12 m3 min.−1 m−3), was used. Continuous drying was completed with a moisture content of 0.1628 ± 0.0003 db, whereas intermittent drying was interrupted with 0.2195 ± 0.0002 db and resumed after rest. The drying rate, integrity through grain images, the conformation of particles through scanning electron microscopy, and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. The drying rate increased with an increase in the rest period, the increase in rest period reduced the intensity of cracks, and the reduction in rest period led to higher dispersion and reduction in the size of starch granules and lower integrity of cell membranes.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80120870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54650
Anderson Hideo Yokoyama, C. Zucareli, A. Coelho, M. Nogueira, J. C. Franchini, H. Debiasi, A. A. Balbinot Junior
Precrops have different growth patterns, nitrogen (N) requirements, and production of residues varying in amounts and quality that may affect the N-clycling and the soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cropped in succession. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of precrops and N fertilization on soybean performance. An experiment was conducted in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, with six precrops treatments: fallow, ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), corn (Zea mays) without or with 80 kg ha−1 of N at topdressing as urea, and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Subplots consisted of two levels of N fertilization at soybean sowing: 0 and 30 kg ha−1 of N as ammonium nitrate at sowing. Urochloa ruziziensis as precrops increased the soybean yield (5,171 kg ha-1) when compared with corn (4,346 kg ha-1) and fallow (4,467 kg ha-1). In 2016/17, N fertilization of soybean with 30 kg ha−1 of N at sowing, although increasing the initial plant growth (745 kg ha-1 with vs. 662 kg ha-1 without), impairs nodulation (100 mg pl-1 with vs. 130 g pl-1 without) and does not increase grain yield. Oil and protein concentrations in soybean grains are not influenced by precrops and N fertilization at sowing. We found that the use Urochloa ruziziensis as cover crop in soybean precrops is a good recommendation option in tropical regions of Brazil, because increasing the yield of soybean grown in succession. N fertilization at in soybean sowing it should not be recommended even in the presence of a large amount of straw.
预茬作物具有不同的生长模式、氮素需要量以及不同数量和质量的残茬产量，这些都可能影响氮素循环和大豆(Glycine max L. Merrill)的连作。本试验旨在评价作物预施和施氮对大豆生产性能的影响。在巴西帕拉纳州的Londrina进行了6个作物前处理:休耕、穗草(Urochloa ruziziensis)、响尾草(Crotalaria spectabilis)、玉米(Zea mays)和小麦(Triticum aestivum)。大豆播期施氮量分别为0和30 kg ha，其中1为硝铵。与玉米(4,346 kg ha-1)和休耕(4,467 kg ha-1)相比，ruziziensis作为前茬作物可提高大豆产量(5,171 kg ha-1)。在2016/17年度，播种时施氮量为30 kg hm -1的大豆，虽然促进了植株的初始生长(施氮量为745 kg hm -1，施氮量为662 kg hm -1)，但不利于结瘤(施氮量为100 mg hm -1，施氮量为130 g hm -1)，且不能提高籽粒产量。大豆籽粒中油脂和蛋白质含量不受作物前施肥和播期施氮的影响。研究发现，在巴西热带地区，使用褐藻作为大豆前茬覆盖作物是一个很好的推荐选择，因为它可以提高大豆的产量。大豆播期即使有大量秸秆，也不建议施氮。
{"title":"Precrops and N-fertilizer impacts on soybean performance in tropical regions of Brazil","authors":"Anderson Hideo Yokoyama, C. Zucareli, A. Coelho, M. Nogueira, J. C. Franchini, H. Debiasi, A. A. Balbinot Junior","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54650","url":null,"abstract":"Precrops have different growth patterns, nitrogen (N) requirements, and production of residues varying in amounts and quality that may affect the N-clycling and the soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cropped in succession. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of precrops and N fertilization on soybean performance. An experiment was conducted in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, with six precrops treatments: fallow, ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), corn (Zea mays) without or with 80 kg ha−1 of N at topdressing as urea, and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Subplots consisted of two levels of N fertilization at soybean sowing: 0 and 30 kg ha−1 of N as ammonium nitrate at sowing. Urochloa ruziziensis as precrops increased the soybean yield (5,171 kg ha-1) when compared with corn (4,346 kg ha-1) and fallow (4,467 kg ha-1). In 2016/17, N fertilization of soybean with 30 kg ha−1 of N at sowing, although increasing the initial plant growth (745 kg ha-1 with vs. 662 kg ha-1 without), impairs nodulation (100 mg pl-1 with vs. 130 g pl-1 without) and does not increase grain yield. Oil and protein concentrations in soybean grains are not influenced by precrops and N fertilization at sowing. We found that the use Urochloa ruziziensis as cover crop in soybean precrops is a good recommendation option in tropical regions of Brazil, because increasing the yield of soybean grown in succession. N fertilization at in soybean sowing it should not be recommended even in the presence of a large amount of straw.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82755037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55148
J. O. Lemos, F. J. Freire, V. S. D. Souza Júnior, E. C. A. Oliveira, Pedro Gabriel Correia de Lucena, S. Silva, M. B. G. S. Freire, Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements used in fertilizing soils in tropical regions due to the low efficiency of phosphate fertilization. This work aimed to fractionate inorganic P (Pi) in tropical soils of different mineralogical compositions and to relate these fractions with their respective phosphate buffer capacity (PBC) indicators. The soils were characterized physically, chemically and mineralogically. Additionally, we evaluated the P concentration that remained in solution of soil after equilibrium was met; this was termed P remaining (P-rem). In general, the Pi fractions of soils did not correlate with the PBC indicators. The P-H2O fraction showed a negative correlation with the P-Al fraction. Ferric minerals did not influence P fixation. P-rem showed a strong correlation with the maximum P adsorption capacity, adsorption energy, and the amorphous and crystalline forms of Fe. The minerals of aluminum contributed the most to P fixation. P-rem was the best estimator of PBC. The soils with high, moderate and low rates of P fixation showed high amounts of the fractions P-Al, P-Ca, and P-Fe, respectively. The results showed that P fixation was influenced by the fractions of P in the soil, suggesting that the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers in tropical soils depends on the mineralogy of the clay fraction within those soils.
{"title":"Phosphorus fractions in soils with distinct mineralogy and their relationship with phosphate buffer capacity indicators in Brazil","authors":"J. O. Lemos, F. J. Freire, V. S. D. Souza Júnior, E. C. A. Oliveira, Pedro Gabriel Correia de Lucena, S. Silva, M. B. G. S. Freire, Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55148","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements used in fertilizing soils in tropical regions due to the low efficiency of phosphate fertilization. This work aimed to fractionate inorganic P (Pi) in tropical soils of different mineralogical compositions and to relate these fractions with their respective phosphate buffer capacity (PBC) indicators. The soils were characterized physically, chemically and mineralogically. Additionally, we evaluated the P concentration that remained in solution of soil after equilibrium was met; this was termed P remaining (P-rem). In general, the Pi fractions of soils did not correlate with the PBC indicators. The P-H2O fraction showed a negative correlation with the P-Al fraction. Ferric minerals did not influence P fixation. P-rem showed a strong correlation with the maximum P adsorption capacity, adsorption energy, and the amorphous and crystalline forms of Fe. The minerals of aluminum contributed the most to P fixation. P-rem was the best estimator of PBC. The soils with high, moderate and low rates of P fixation showed high amounts of the fractions P-Al, P-Ca, and P-Fe, respectively. The results showed that P fixation was influenced by the fractions of P in the soil, suggesting that the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers in tropical soils depends on the mineralogy of the clay fraction within those soils.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80152923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55146
A. P. Chaves, F. B. Bezerra Neto, J. S. S. Lima, J. N. Silva, Elizangela Cabral dos Santos, R. L. C. Nunes, V. A. D. S. Lino
One of the great challenges of the beet and cowpea cultivation in crop association is to maintain their productivity as that of their sole counterparts in semi-arid environment. In this context, the objective of this work is to assess whether there is bio-agroeconomic return in associations of beet-cowpea by the optimization of population densities and spatial arrangements of the component crops. Experiments were performed in randomised complete block designs with treatments arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor was the population densities of cowpea (100, 80, 60, and 40% of the recommended population in single crop - RPSC) in association with beet, and the second factor was the spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4), formed by beet (B) rows alternating with cowpea (C) rows. The competition and agronomic indices evaluated were aggressiveness, competitive ratio, land equivalent ratio, actual yield loss, intercropping advantage and the productive efficiency index. The economic indicators evaluated were gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. High agro-economic efficiency can be obtained in the cultivation of beet and cowpea intercropping when well-managing the factors of production, population densities and spatial arrangement of the component crops. The greatest agro-economic return of the cowpea and beet intercropping was obtained in the population densities of 40 and 100% of RPSC for cowpea and beet, respectively. The 2:2 spatial arrangement between beet and cowpea crops was the one with the best productive performance and higher indicators of economic return. The cowpea was the dominant crop while the beet was dominated.
{"title":"Bio-agroeconomic returns in beet-cowpea intercropping by optimization of population densities and spatial arrangements","authors":"A. P. Chaves, F. B. Bezerra Neto, J. S. S. Lima, J. N. Silva, Elizangela Cabral dos Santos, R. L. C. Nunes, V. A. D. S. Lino","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55146","url":null,"abstract":"One of the great challenges of the beet and cowpea cultivation in crop association is to maintain their productivity as that of their sole counterparts in semi-arid environment. In this context, the objective of this work is to assess whether there is bio-agroeconomic return in associations of beet-cowpea by the optimization of population densities and spatial arrangements of the component crops. Experiments were performed in randomised complete block designs with treatments arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor was the population densities of cowpea (100, 80, 60, and 40% of the recommended population in single crop - RPSC) in association with beet, and the second factor was the spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4), formed by beet (B) rows alternating with cowpea (C) rows. The competition and agronomic indices evaluated were aggressiveness, competitive ratio, land equivalent ratio, actual yield loss, intercropping advantage and the productive efficiency index. The economic indicators evaluated were gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. High agro-economic efficiency can be obtained in the cultivation of beet and cowpea intercropping when well-managing the factors of production, population densities and spatial arrangement of the component crops. The greatest agro-economic return of the cowpea and beet intercropping was obtained in the population densities of 40 and 100% of RPSC for cowpea and beet, respectively. The 2:2 spatial arrangement between beet and cowpea crops was the one with the best productive performance and higher indicators of economic return. The cowpea was the dominant crop while the beet was dominated.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75200562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54619
Célio Borella Júnior, F. Corrêa, Anderson Rodrigo da Silva, A. Siqueira, W. M. Nascimento, A. C. S. Almeida, F. G. Jesus
Chickpea is a legume with nutrient-rich grains important for human feeding. Tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most major pests of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. This pest damages leaves, flowers, pods, and grains. Plant resistance to insects is an important tactic of pest management, which usually facilitates and reduce costs of implementing an Integrated Pest Management for farmers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the resistance in chickpea cultivars to C. virescens. Six chickpea cultivars were evaluated for antixenosis, initial antibiotic parameters, and behavior under field conditions. The cultivars BRS Kalifa and BRS Cícero were less attractive in a free-choice test, while Jamu 96 and BRS Kalifa were less attractive in a no-choice test. BRS Kalifa and BRS Toro leaves had a higher trichome density. Jamu 96 and BRS Toro had higher contents of oxalic and malic acids. C. virescens larvae in BRS Cícero, BRS Toro, and BRS Kalifa showed the lowest weights. Jamu 96 pods were the least damaged, and BRS Aleppo and Jamu 96 had the highest yields. The chickpea cultivars Jamu 96 and BRS Aleppo, which had resistance levels and mechanisms, can be used in integrated pest management programs to control C. virescens.
{"title":"Resistance of chickpea cultivars to Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Célio Borella Júnior, F. Corrêa, Anderson Rodrigo da Silva, A. Siqueira, W. M. Nascimento, A. C. S. Almeida, F. G. Jesus","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54619","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea is a legume with nutrient-rich grains important for human feeding. Tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most major pests of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. This pest damages leaves, flowers, pods, and grains. Plant resistance to insects is an important tactic of pest management, which usually facilitates and reduce costs of implementing an Integrated Pest Management for farmers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the resistance in chickpea cultivars to C. virescens. Six chickpea cultivars were evaluated for antixenosis, initial antibiotic parameters, and behavior under field conditions. The cultivars BRS Kalifa and BRS Cícero were less attractive in a free-choice test, while Jamu 96 and BRS Kalifa were less attractive in a no-choice test. BRS Kalifa and BRS Toro leaves had a higher trichome density. Jamu 96 and BRS Toro had higher contents of oxalic and malic acids. C. virescens larvae in BRS Cícero, BRS Toro, and BRS Kalifa showed the lowest weights. Jamu 96 pods were the least damaged, and BRS Aleppo and Jamu 96 had the highest yields. The chickpea cultivars Jamu 96 and BRS Aleppo, which had resistance levels and mechanisms, can be used in integrated pest management programs to control C. virescens.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78306883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54910
Andréia de Oliveira, Marcelo Akira Saito, A. G. Baleroni, R. Matsuzaki, F. Bertagna, Amanda Tami Kuroda Colevate, C. Scapim, L. Gonçalves
Organic agriculture systems have the nutrients supplied by plant or animal by-products, bioinoculants, and compost-based products as earthworm composts and green manures. However, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil amendments depend on their sources, and soil amendments are generally not sufficient to supply the nutritional requirements of maize crops. Moreover, specialty maize requires high levels of N. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate specialty maize varieties supplied with two microbial inoculants applied in two inoculation methods. These factorial treatments were compared with their checks (varieties without inoculation), and the interaction among these factors was also investigated. The trials were carried out during the growing season in 2017–2018 in the State University of Maringá. The popcorn trial followed the randomized complete block design where the factorial 3 × 2 × 2 + 3 had five replications. The trial with white grits maize followed the same experimental design but the factorial scheme was 2 × 2 × 2 + 2 with three replications. Both trials had maize varieties and two species of microbial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium sp.) applied in two inoculation methods, in the seeds and the foliar spray at V4 stage of plant development. The response traits were grain yield and the components of crop production. In both trials, we verified that the majority of the interactions among the factors was non-significant (p > 0.05), indicating the independence of these factors. Furthermore, the microbial inoculants had no beneficial effects on the traits. The possibility of a higher crop yield did not confirm the application of the inoculant in the stage V4. The organic compost may be the key point in mitigating the treatments with microbial inoculants due to the availability of N in the first stages of plant development. The traits also suggest the necessity of more trials about the influence of microbial inoculants on specialty maize production.
{"title":"Methods of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in specialty maize genotypes under organic agriculture system","authors":"Andréia de Oliveira, Marcelo Akira Saito, A. G. Baleroni, R. Matsuzaki, F. Bertagna, Amanda Tami Kuroda Colevate, C. Scapim, L. Gonçalves","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54910","url":null,"abstract":"Organic agriculture systems have the nutrients supplied by plant or animal by-products, bioinoculants, and compost-based products as earthworm composts and green manures. However, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil amendments depend on their sources, and soil amendments are generally not sufficient to supply the nutritional requirements of maize crops. Moreover, specialty maize requires high levels of N. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate specialty maize varieties supplied with two microbial inoculants applied in two inoculation methods. These factorial treatments were compared with their checks (varieties without inoculation), and the interaction among these factors was also investigated. The trials were carried out during the growing season in 2017–2018 in the State University of Maringá. The popcorn trial followed the randomized complete block design where the factorial 3 × 2 × 2 + 3 had five replications. The trial with white grits maize followed the same experimental design but the factorial scheme was 2 × 2 × 2 + 2 with three replications. Both trials had maize varieties and two species of microbial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium sp.) applied in two inoculation methods, in the seeds and the foliar spray at V4 stage of plant development. The response traits were grain yield and the components of crop production. In both trials, we verified that the majority of the interactions among the factors was non-significant (p > 0.05), indicating the independence of these factors. Furthermore, the microbial inoculants had no beneficial effects on the traits. The possibility of a higher crop yield did not confirm the application of the inoculant in the stage V4. The organic compost may be the key point in mitigating the treatments with microbial inoculants due to the availability of N in the first stages of plant development. The traits also suggest the necessity of more trials about the influence of microbial inoculants on specialty maize production.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90349380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54939
Álefe Chagas de Lima Costa, Antonio Dennys Melo de Oliveira, João Pedro Soares Caraciolo, L. Lucena, M. L. D. M. V. Leite
Water and saline stresses are the main factors affecting agricultural production in semiarid regions. The tolerance of forage cactus to water and salt deficit makes it a promising solution, in particular Nopalea cochenillifera. The growth curves for species facing these conditions can provide useful information supporting the cultivation and management of natural populations and carry significant biological importance as growth rate assessment contributes to maintaining species viability. The objective of this study was to estimate the plant height and linear dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of N. cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone growing under water and saline stress. The experiment design was completely randomized, comprising a 4 × 4 factorial, with four water and four salinity levels; there were four replications. In order to estimate plant height in N. cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone as a function of the accumulated thermal sum, generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were used to determine water level, saline level, length, width, and thickness. We constructed models using four distributions: the Weibull, Gumbel, Logistic, and Box-Cox power exponential distributions. The models were evaluated using global deviation and the generalized Akaike criterion. The Box–Cox power exponential proved to be the most effective in estimating N. cochenillifera height. This model enabled information relevant to practical environmental management to be obtained, as it precisely defined the optimum salt application and the required amount of replacement water, together with the cladode width for each plant growth stage using the accumulated thermal sum.
{"title":"A GAMLSS approach to predicting growth of Nopalea cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone submitted to water and saline stress","authors":"Álefe Chagas de Lima Costa, Antonio Dennys Melo de Oliveira, João Pedro Soares Caraciolo, L. Lucena, M. L. D. M. V. Leite","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54939","url":null,"abstract":"Water and saline stresses are the main factors affecting agricultural production in semiarid regions. The tolerance of forage cactus to water and salt deficit makes it a promising solution, in particular Nopalea cochenillifera. The growth curves for species facing these conditions can provide useful information supporting the cultivation and management of natural populations and carry significant biological importance as growth rate assessment contributes to maintaining species viability. The objective of this study was to estimate the plant height and linear dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of N. cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone growing under water and saline stress. The experiment design was completely randomized, comprising a 4 × 4 factorial, with four water and four salinity levels; there were four replications. In order to estimate plant height in N. cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone as a function of the accumulated thermal sum, generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were used to determine water level, saline level, length, width, and thickness. We constructed models using four distributions: the Weibull, Gumbel, Logistic, and Box-Cox power exponential distributions. The models were evaluated using global deviation and the generalized Akaike criterion. The Box–Cox power exponential proved to be the most effective in estimating N. cochenillifera height. This model enabled information relevant to practical environmental management to be obtained, as it precisely defined the optimum salt application and the required amount of replacement water, together with the cladode width for each plant growth stage using the accumulated thermal sum.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84457405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55194
André Luís Bombonato de Oliveira, Cinthia Souza Rodrigues, G. Silva, E. Sawazaki, V. L. N. P. Barros, M. Paterniani
Evaluation of combined ability can eliminate lines that are inefficient and enable the subsequent program steps to be more successful. The objective of this study was to predict the general (gi) and specific (sij) combination ability of popcorn S1 progenies for early selection. A total of 288 topcrosses were performed under a randomized complete block design with two replicates at two sites (Campinas and Capão Bonito, São Paulo State, Brazil). Diallel analyses were performed using mixed models and the maximum likelihood restricted/best unbiased linear prediction method. Evaluated traits included grain yield (GY; kg ha-1), weight of 100 grains (g), and popping expansion (PE; mL g-1). Ear components were also evaluated, including ear length, ear diameter (cm), and the number of grain rows (unit). The S1 progeny 32 presented the highest gi for GY in Campinas, whereas progeny 46 presented the highest gi for GY in Capão Bonito. The S1 progeny, 114 was an important parent for the popcorn breeding program, because it presented high gi for the traits of agronomic interest at both sites. Combination 86×IAC12 exhibited a high sij, and the 86 parent presented the second-highest gi for PE in Campinas, and it should be used for high PE genotypes
对组合能力的评估可以消除效率低下的行，并使后续的程序步骤更加成功。本研究的目的是预测爆米花S1后代的一般配合力(gi)和特异配合力(sij)，为早期选择提供依据。采用完全随机区组设计，在两个地点(巴西圣保罗州Campinas和cap o Bonito)共进行了288次顶杂交。采用混合模型和最大似然限制/最佳无偏线性预测方法进行双列分析。评价性状包括产量(GY;kg ha-1)、百粒重(g)、爆胀(PE);毫升g1)。对穗长、穗径(cm)、穗行数(单位)等组成进行了评价。S1子代32在坎皮纳斯的GY值最高，而子代46在卡普奥博尼托的GY值最高。S1代114在两个位点均表现出高gi的农艺感兴趣性状，是玉米育种的重要亲本。组合86×IAC12具有较高的gi值，86亲本的PE gi值在坎皮纳斯地区位居第二，应用于高PE基因型
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Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55284
Bruna Finotii Fonseca Reis de Mello, T. B. Batista, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binott, E. Costa, E. Binotti, T. Zoz, Loryelle de Jesus Moreira, Allan Paterlini
The use of a protected environment for vegetable seedling production has become one of the best alternatives to minimize the adverse micrometeorological effects of the external environment and guarantee quality and production throughout the year. Inside the protected environment, it is essential to study the physiological responses of plants to the wavelength, periodicity, intensity, and direction of light in the photosynthetic process. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different intensities of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) used as an extended photoperiod in a greenhouse on the production of basil seedlings. A completely randomized design, in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replications of 20 seedlings per plot was used. Two basil varieties, sweet basil (green color) and purple basil (purple color), were evaluated under three intensities of supplementary PAR, which were 375, 411, and 438 µmol m-2 s-1, and control, in the absence of supplementary PAR. The seedling height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, leaf area, ratio between plant height and stem diameter, ratio between plant height and shoot dry matter, ratio between shoot dry matter and root dry matter, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. Results show that higher intensities of PAR used as an extended photoperiod favor the quality of basil seedlings produced in a protected environment.
利用保护环境进行蔬菜苗木生产，已成为减少外部环境不利微气象影响，保证全年质量和产量的最佳选择之一。在保护环境内，研究植物在光合作用过程中对光的波长、周期、强度和方向的生理响应是十分必要的。因此，本研究的目的是研究不同强度的光合有效辐射(PAR)作为延长光周期在温室中对罗勒幼苗生产的影响。试验采用完全随机设计，采用2 × 4因子设计，4个重复，每个地块20株苗。两个品种罗勒、甜罗勒(绿色)和紫罗勒(紫色),在补充PAR三个强度评估,375,411,和438µ摩尔m - 2 s - 1,和控制,在缺乏补充标准。幼苗高度、茎直径、射干物质、根干物质、总干物质、叶面积、株高和茎径、株高和干物质,拍干物质和根干物质,和Dickson质量指数。结果表明，高强度的PAR作为延长的光周期有利于在保护环境下生产的罗勒幼苗质量。
{"title":"Photosynthetically active radiation intensity used as an extended photoperiod to increase quality in basil seedlings","authors":"Bruna Finotii Fonseca Reis de Mello, T. B. Batista, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binott, E. Costa, E. Binotti, T. Zoz, Loryelle de Jesus Moreira, Allan Paterlini","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55284","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a protected environment for vegetable seedling production has become one of the best alternatives to minimize the adverse micrometeorological effects of the external environment and guarantee quality and production throughout the year. Inside the protected environment, it is essential to study the physiological responses of plants to the wavelength, periodicity, intensity, and direction of light in the photosynthetic process. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different intensities of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) used as an extended photoperiod in a greenhouse on the production of basil seedlings. A completely randomized design, in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replications of 20 seedlings per plot was used. Two basil varieties, sweet basil (green color) and purple basil (purple color), were evaluated under three intensities of supplementary PAR, which were 375, 411, and 438 µmol m-2 s-1, and control, in the absence of supplementary PAR. The seedling height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, leaf area, ratio between plant height and stem diameter, ratio between plant height and shoot dry matter, ratio between shoot dry matter and root dry matter, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. Results show that higher intensities of PAR used as an extended photoperiod favor the quality of basil seedlings produced in a protected environment.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82851076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54801
Anna Carolyna Fernandes Ferreira, F. V. Andrade, E. Mendonça, Paulo Roberto da Rocha Júnior
Soil use and management systems modify phosphorus (P) dynamics by changing the different P compartments. However, the interaction between land-use change and altitude is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of land use on P forms in different soil aggregate classes of Ultisols located at two altitudes. Soil samples were collected in four land-use systems (agroforestry system, secondary forest, pasture, and eucalyptus) located at two altitudes in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil. Phosphorus fractions were assessed using sequential fractionation. In general, recalcitrant forms represented about 70% in the agroforestry system, 66% in the eucalyptus, 65% in the pasture, and 57% in the secondary forest relative to the total P content of all land uses at both altitudes. The soil aggregate classes of smaller diameter presented higher P contents in all fractions. The smallest soil aggregate classes showed up to 65% more P than the classes with smaller diameters in the different land-use systems and altitudes.
{"title":"Land use and altitude: how do they influence the phosphorus fractions?","authors":"Anna Carolyna Fernandes Ferreira, F. V. Andrade, E. Mendonça, Paulo Roberto da Rocha Júnior","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54801","url":null,"abstract":"Soil use and management systems modify phosphorus (P) dynamics by changing the different P compartments. However, the interaction between land-use change and altitude is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of land use on P forms in different soil aggregate classes of Ultisols located at two altitudes. Soil samples were collected in four land-use systems (agroforestry system, secondary forest, pasture, and eucalyptus) located at two altitudes in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil. Phosphorus fractions were assessed using sequential fractionation. In general, recalcitrant forms represented about 70% in the agroforestry system, 66% in the eucalyptus, 65% in the pasture, and 57% in the secondary forest relative to the total P content of all land uses at both altitudes. The soil aggregate classes of smaller diameter presented higher P contents in all fractions. The smallest soil aggregate classes showed up to 65% more P than the classes with smaller diameters in the different land-use systems and altitudes.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84470607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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