Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55960
Alessandra Querino da Silva, Luciano Antonio de Oliveira, Carlos Pereira da Silva, Cristian Tiago Erazo Mendes, Ana Ferreira, T. Sáfadi, M. Carvalho
Brachiaria brizantha is the most economically important forage grass in Brazil and is propagated through sowing. Producing high-quality seeds has been a constant challenge due to their uneven maturation. The development and application of precise and non-destructive methods for identifying internal damages to seeds, such as the X-ray test, which quickly indicates the quality of the lots, is of fundamental importance for the seed industry. In this work, the quality of Brachiaria brizantha seeds was analyzed based on the morphological characteristics observed in X-ray images that were related to viability using a mixture model under a Bayesian approach, with the following objectives: i) verify the adequacy of the Bayesian modeling used in the data analysis; ii) associate the efficiency of using radiographs as a way to assess the viability of the seeds; and iii) relate the classifications carried out by evaluators with the probability of originating normal or abnormal seedlings. The methodology applied for the analysis proved to be adequate. Further, the Bayesian estimates for parameters related to internal morphology were established with associated levels of uncertainty, which represents an advantage over usual frequentist methods. Based on the model's estimates, seeds evaluated as potentially unviable by three evaluators had practically no probability of germination and did not germinate in the test applied later. Seeds classified as potentially viable had a high probability of developing into normal seedlings, while 73.27% showed this property in the germination test.
{"title":"Seed quality of Brachiaria brizantha by X-ray image analysis using a Bayesian approach","authors":"Alessandra Querino da Silva, Luciano Antonio de Oliveira, Carlos Pereira da Silva, Cristian Tiago Erazo Mendes, Ana Ferreira, T. Sáfadi, M. Carvalho","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55960","url":null,"abstract":"Brachiaria brizantha is the most economically important forage grass in Brazil and is propagated through sowing. Producing high-quality seeds has been a constant challenge due to their uneven maturation. The development and application of precise and non-destructive methods for identifying internal damages to seeds, such as the X-ray test, which quickly indicates the quality of the lots, is of fundamental importance for the seed industry. In this work, the quality of Brachiaria brizantha seeds was analyzed based on the morphological characteristics observed in X-ray images that were related to viability using a mixture model under a Bayesian approach, with the following objectives: i) verify the adequacy of the Bayesian modeling used in the data analysis; ii) associate the efficiency of using radiographs as a way to assess the viability of the seeds; and iii) relate the classifications carried out by evaluators with the probability of originating normal or abnormal seedlings. The methodology applied for the analysis proved to be adequate. Further, the Bayesian estimates for parameters related to internal morphology were established with associated levels of uncertainty, which represents an advantage over usual frequentist methods. Based on the model's estimates, seeds evaluated as potentially unviable by three evaluators had practically no probability of germination and did not germinate in the test applied later. Seeds classified as potentially viable had a high probability of developing into normal seedlings, while 73.27% showed this property in the germination test.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76591065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55639
L. Leolato, L. Sangoi, C. A. Souza, H. F. Kuneski, Rafael Leandro Scherer, Vander de Liz Oliveira, Marcos Cardoso Martins Júnior, R. Kandler
Water deficiency reduces leaf expansion and photosynthetic efficiency, potentially reducing the ability to withstand leaf area (LA) loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water restriction on soybean tolerance to defoliation in the vegetative and reproductive periods of development. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located in Lages, Santa Catarina State Brazil, during the 2017/2018 growing season. Cultivar NA 5909 RG was subjected to three WR levels (none, moderate, and severe) and five defoliation levels (0, 17, 33, 50, and 67%). Defoliation occurred at the V6 stage in the first experiment and R3 in the second. WR occurred for 7 days after defoliation. LA at R2 and R5 after defoliation at V6 and R3 decreased by 27.5 and 64.6%, respectively, regardless of WR. LA between V6 and R2 was not influenced by WR or defoliation. Moderate or severe WR reduced plant ability to recover LA between R3 and R5. Severe WR decreased grain production by 22.2% in the vegetative period and 21.2% per plant in the reproductive period compared to that of the control, regardless of defoliation. The highest defoliation level reduced grain production per plant by 24.7 and 24.3% relative to the control at stages V6 and R3, respectively, regardless of WR. WR imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages did not increase defoliation sensitivity.
{"title":"Soybean tolerance to defoliation at the vegetative and reproductive stages as a function of water restriction","authors":"L. Leolato, L. Sangoi, C. A. Souza, H. F. Kuneski, Rafael Leandro Scherer, Vander de Liz Oliveira, Marcos Cardoso Martins Júnior, R. Kandler","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55639","url":null,"abstract":"Water deficiency reduces leaf expansion and photosynthetic efficiency, potentially reducing the ability to withstand leaf area (LA) loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water restriction on soybean tolerance to defoliation in the vegetative and reproductive periods of development. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located in Lages, Santa Catarina State Brazil, during the 2017/2018 growing season. Cultivar NA 5909 RG was subjected to three WR levels (none, moderate, and severe) and five defoliation levels (0, 17, 33, 50, and 67%). Defoliation occurred at the V6 stage in the first experiment and R3 in the second. WR occurred for 7 days after defoliation. LA at R2 and R5 after defoliation at V6 and R3 decreased by 27.5 and 64.6%, respectively, regardless of WR. LA between V6 and R2 was not influenced by WR or defoliation. Moderate or severe WR reduced plant ability to recover LA between R3 and R5. Severe WR decreased grain production by 22.2% in the vegetative period and 21.2% per plant in the reproductive period compared to that of the control, regardless of defoliation. The highest defoliation level reduced grain production per plant by 24.7 and 24.3% relative to the control at stages V6 and R3, respectively, regardless of WR. WR imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages did not increase defoliation sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82149401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55692
Ú. R. Zaidan, R. C. Campos, R. M. Faria, I. R. Zaidan, W. D. Souza, R. H. Santos, F. Freitas
Intensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.
{"title":"Productivity and grain size of coffee grown in different weed management systems","authors":"Ú. R. Zaidan, R. C. Campos, R. M. Faria, I. R. Zaidan, W. D. Souza, R. H. Santos, F. Freitas","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55692","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86699487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55972
Euriann Lopes Marques Yamamotto, M. C. Gonçalves, L. M. C. Davide, D. Rossoni, Adriano dos Santos
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the most used procedure for comparing means between different groups. However, in some cases, disregarding the assumptions of ANOVA can lead to spatial dependence. In such cases, to ensure greater experimental precision, it is necessary to consider the study of spatial dependence. This study was carried out to compare the estimates of experimental precision of the traditional analysis of variance with those of the analysis of variance using an autoregressive (ANOVA-AR) model in corn experiments under different N conditions when evaluating grain yield. Data were obtained from 14 experiments using lattice designs conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2015 in the following counties in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Caarapó, Dourados, Glória de Dourados, and Laguna Carapã. Of the 14 experiments, 7 were performed with N fertilization (ideal) and 7 experiments were performed under stressful conditions (zero or low). Both analyses were compared by considering estimates of reduction of the error mean square, coefficient of determination, F-value, and selective accuracy as well as the difference in the order of 25% of the genotypes of each experiment (from 13 to 56 genotypes, considering the size of the experiment). Differences in the error mean square and genotype mean square were slightly more evident in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11 experiments but the use of ANOVA-AR did not promote major changes. The analysis of variance with an autoregressive model provided parameter values of experimental precision similar to those expressed by traditional analysis of variance. There was no difference in terms of correlated errors in experiments under different N conditions.
{"title":"Spatial variability in evaluation experiments of corn genotypes in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","authors":"Euriann Lopes Marques Yamamotto, M. C. Gonçalves, L. M. C. Davide, D. Rossoni, Adriano dos Santos","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55972","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the most used procedure for comparing means between different groups. However, in some cases, disregarding the assumptions of ANOVA can lead to spatial dependence. In such cases, to ensure greater experimental precision, it is necessary to consider the study of spatial dependence. This study was carried out to compare the estimates of experimental precision of the traditional analysis of variance with those of the analysis of variance using an autoregressive (ANOVA-AR) model in corn experiments under different N conditions when evaluating grain yield. Data were obtained from 14 experiments using lattice designs conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2015 in the following counties in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Caarapó, Dourados, Glória de Dourados, and Laguna Carapã. Of the 14 experiments, 7 were performed with N fertilization (ideal) and 7 experiments were performed under stressful conditions (zero or low). Both analyses were compared by considering estimates of reduction of the error mean square, coefficient of determination, F-value, and selective accuracy as well as the difference in the order of 25% of the genotypes of each experiment (from 13 to 56 genotypes, considering the size of the experiment). Differences in the error mean square and genotype mean square were slightly more evident in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11 experiments but the use of ANOVA-AR did not promote major changes. The analysis of variance with an autoregressive model provided parameter values of experimental precision similar to those expressed by traditional analysis of variance. There was no difference in terms of correlated errors in experiments under different N conditions.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76891546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55709
R. H. Madail, L. A. S. Pio, R. A. L. S. Rezende, M. Pasqual, S. O. E. Silva
Many important crops have cultivars with different ploidy and provide a diverse choice of materials for breeding programs. Therefore, it is essential to accurately assess the ploidy of all breeding materials. Increased DNA content is known to have various effects on external and internal morphology, an effect known as the “nucleotypic effect”. Thus, anatomical assessment can be used as a tool for determining ploidy in plants, making the chromosome counting technique or flow cytometry unnecessary. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf anatomical characteristics of banana cultivars and understand the relationship between these features and ploidy levels. Thirteen accessions were evaluated, including diploid, triploid, and tetraploid genotypes, and cultivars, resulting from in vitro propagation after 90 days of acclimatization. Five fully expanded young leaves were collected from each cultivar, fixed in FAA70 (formaldehyde–acetic acid–ethanol) and preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse and paradermal sections of the abaxial and adaxial regions were taken, and variables such as size and stomatal density, leaf thickness in the midrib and fourth vascular bundle region, and thickness of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma were measured. Results for leaf thickness, stomatal size, and density proved to be appropriate parameters for characterizing banana ploidy levels.
{"title":"Banana leaf anatomy characteristics related to ploidy levels","authors":"R. H. Madail, L. A. S. Pio, R. A. L. S. Rezende, M. Pasqual, S. O. E. Silva","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55709","url":null,"abstract":"Many important crops have cultivars with different ploidy and provide a diverse choice of materials for breeding programs. Therefore, it is essential to accurately assess the ploidy of all breeding materials. Increased DNA content is known to have various effects on external and internal morphology, an effect known as the “nucleotypic effect”. Thus, anatomical assessment can be used as a tool for determining ploidy in plants, making the chromosome counting technique or flow cytometry unnecessary. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf anatomical characteristics of banana cultivars and understand the relationship between these features and ploidy levels. Thirteen accessions were evaluated, including diploid, triploid, and tetraploid genotypes, and cultivars, resulting from in vitro propagation after 90 days of acclimatization. Five fully expanded young leaves were collected from each cultivar, fixed in FAA70 (formaldehyde–acetic acid–ethanol) and preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse and paradermal sections of the abaxial and adaxial regions were taken, and variables such as size and stomatal density, leaf thickness in the midrib and fourth vascular bundle region, and thickness of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma were measured. Results for leaf thickness, stomatal size, and density proved to be appropriate parameters for characterizing banana ploidy levels.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"447 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82909514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55893
K. G. Livramento, N. C. Freitas, Luciene de Oliveira Ribeiro Trindade, Luiz Gustavo da Silva Teixeira, L. V. Paiva, P. Bordallo, L. E. C. Diniz
The study of promoters has become essential to elucidate genetic regulation and allow new genetic transformation strategies through plant biotechnology. The challenge is to discover and validate promoters that can regulate gene transcription spatially and/or temporally. The goal of this work was to validate genes associated with tissue-specific promoters of bananas obtained from in silico sequences and selected from the DATAMusa databank. Gene expression was quantified using RT-qPCR from different tissues: leaves, flowers, roots, unripe pulp, ripe pulp, unripe peels, and ripe peels of two different genetic groups: Prata-Anã (PA; group AAB) and Grand Naine (GN; group AAA). After the analysis of the expression of genes associated with the promoters, normalization was performed with the most stable reference genes (TUB and L2) selected using the RefFinder tool. It was determined that five genes were specific or expressed to a greater extent in some tissues than others. The EMB-23 gene was highly expressed in ripe pulp and flowers of GN, EMB-26 in the ripe pulp of GN, EMB-27 in flowers of GN, EMB-28 in roots of PA and ripe pulp and roots of GN, and EMB-31 in roots and flowers of GN and PA, and unripe pulp of GN. The in silico analysis was efficient in the identification of spatial/time-specific genes, thereby decreasing analysis time and cost, making future genetic transformation studies focusing on the application of these tissue-specific promoters possible.
{"title":"Gene expression analysis associated with tissue-specific promoters in Musa spp.","authors":"K. G. Livramento, N. C. Freitas, Luciene de Oliveira Ribeiro Trindade, Luiz Gustavo da Silva Teixeira, L. V. Paiva, P. Bordallo, L. E. C. Diniz","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55893","url":null,"abstract":"The study of promoters has become essential to elucidate genetic regulation and allow new genetic transformation strategies through plant biotechnology. The challenge is to discover and validate promoters that can regulate gene transcription spatially and/or temporally. The goal of this work was to validate genes associated with tissue-specific promoters of bananas obtained from in silico sequences and selected from the DATAMusa databank. Gene expression was quantified using RT-qPCR from different tissues: leaves, flowers, roots, unripe pulp, ripe pulp, unripe peels, and ripe peels of two different genetic groups: Prata-Anã (PA; group AAB) and Grand Naine (GN; group AAA). After the analysis of the expression of genes associated with the promoters, normalization was performed with the most stable reference genes (TUB and L2) selected using the RefFinder tool. It was determined that five genes were specific or expressed to a greater extent in some tissues than others. The EMB-23 gene was highly expressed in ripe pulp and flowers of GN, EMB-26 in the ripe pulp of GN, EMB-27 in flowers of GN, EMB-28 in roots of PA and ripe pulp and roots of GN, and EMB-31 in roots and flowers of GN and PA, and unripe pulp of GN. The in silico analysis was efficient in the identification of spatial/time-specific genes, thereby decreasing analysis time and cost, making future genetic transformation studies focusing on the application of these tissue-specific promoters possible.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89291294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55682
J. Chiomento, F. D. Nardi, D. Filippi, T. S. Trentin, Ana Paula Anzolin, C. Bertol, A. A. Nienow, E. Calvete
Ex vitro strawberry plantlets from micropropagation and coinoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar can provide beneficial health effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of different proportions of biochar in the presence and absence of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in the leaves and roots of strawberry plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization. Additionally, the enzymatic activity of the substrate enriched with AMF and biochar was analyzed. The experiment consisted of the control (absence of the mycorrhizal community) and four biochar proportions (0, 3, 6, and 9% of the volume of the container) coinoculated with AMF. Plantlets produced on substrates enriched with AMF showed higher levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins in the tissues analyzed than control plantlets. The combination of AMF and 9% biochar increased the content of total flavonoids in the leaves of strawberry plantlets and increased the activity of phosphatase. The substrate with up to 6% biochar and mycorrhizae showed increased β-glucosidase activity. In conclusion, mycorrhizae are excellent tools to improve the phytochemical quality of strawberry plantlets acclimatized ex vitro. The association between host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and bioactivators of these fungi potentiates properties beneficial to health, which can be exploited efficiently in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Mycorrhization of strawberry plantlets potentiates the synthesis of phytochemicals during ex vitro acclimatization","authors":"J. Chiomento, F. D. Nardi, D. Filippi, T. S. Trentin, Ana Paula Anzolin, C. Bertol, A. A. Nienow, E. Calvete","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55682","url":null,"abstract":"Ex vitro strawberry plantlets from micropropagation and coinoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar can provide beneficial health effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of different proportions of biochar in the presence and absence of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in the leaves and roots of strawberry plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization. Additionally, the enzymatic activity of the substrate enriched with AMF and biochar was analyzed. The experiment consisted of the control (absence of the mycorrhizal community) and four biochar proportions (0, 3, 6, and 9% of the volume of the container) coinoculated with AMF. Plantlets produced on substrates enriched with AMF showed higher levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins in the tissues analyzed than control plantlets. The combination of AMF and 9% biochar increased the content of total flavonoids in the leaves of strawberry plantlets and increased the activity of phosphatase. The substrate with up to 6% biochar and mycorrhizae showed increased β-glucosidase activity. In conclusion, mycorrhizae are excellent tools to improve the phytochemical quality of strawberry plantlets acclimatized ex vitro. The association between host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and bioactivators of these fungi potentiates properties beneficial to health, which can be exploited efficiently in sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80879093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55647
S. O. M. Maia Júnior, Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade, R. D. Nascimento, R. F. Lima, C. V. C. Bezerra, V. M. Ferreira
Salinity is one of the environmental stresses that most cause losses in agricultural systems, including tomato production. Brassinosteroids, such as epibrassinolide (EBL), have multiple actions in essential processes in plants. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the contributions of EBL to the growth, physiology, and production of tomato plants under salinity. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme, with five levels of water salinity (0.5 [the control], 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and two concentrations of EBL (0 and 10-6 M). Salt stress reduced tomato growth, relative water content, membrane integrity, gas exchange, and fruit production. However, the exogenous application of EBL attenuated the adverse effects, partially improving these characteristics at all salinity levels. EBL reduced electrolyte leakage and increased membrane integrity and relative water content in control and stressed plants. Additionally, it increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis, which led to higher leaf dry mass production, fruit transverse diameter, and production per plant. Therefore, our results confirmed that foliar application of EBL improved the characteristics of stressed and non-stressed tomato plants.
盐分是造成包括番茄生产在内的农业系统损失最多的环境压力之一。油菜素内酯，如表油菜素内酯(EBL)，在植物的基本过程中具有多种作用。因此，本研究的目的是评估EBL对盐胁迫下番茄植株生长、生理和生产的贡献。试验采用因子方案，在5个盐度水平(0.5[对照]、1.5、3.0、4.5和6.0 dS - M -1)和2个浓度(0和10-6 M)条件下，盐胁迫降低了番茄的生长、相对含水量、膜完整性、气体交换和果实产量。然而，外源施用EBL减轻了不利影响，部分改善了所有盐度水平下的这些特性。EBL减少了电解质泄漏，增加了对照和胁迫植株的膜完整性和相对含水量。此外，增加了光合色素含量、气孔导度、蒸腾和光合作用，提高了叶片干产量、果实横径和单株产量。因此，我们的研究结果证实，叶面施用EBL改善了胁迫和非胁迫番茄植株的特性。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55796
P. D. Almeida, B. E. Pavan, M. G. F. Rodrigues, Guilherme de Freitas Gaspar, Leonardo de Paula Giro, Renan Furquim da Silva
Fig tree (Ficus carica L., Moraceae), which originated in the Mediterranean Basin, is one of the many fruit trees grown in Brazil, with ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’ being the exclusively used cultivar. In this context, research aimed at the improvement of this species to develop highly resistant and adaptable cultivars is paramount. Thus, the present study aimed to maintain fig accessions in an in vivo active germplasm bank (AGB) at the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), as well as to characterize the agronomic traits of these accessions based on quantitative descriptors of genetic parameters and observe gains with the selection of specific genotypes to illustrate the AGB in terms of genetic variability. A total of 36 F. carica genotypes were evaluated in the field at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (FEPE) of the FEIS, UNESP. Qualitative traits, fruit parameters (e.g., insertion of the first fruit, fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, and average fruit mass), and accumulated plant dry mass were measured. In addition, genetic parameters, variance components, and descriptive statistics, including genetic and environmental variances, heritability and average heritability of clones, coefficients of genotypic and environmental variation and their ratio ( ), general average, and selection gain, were evaluated. The selected fig tree accessions showed genetic variability in the assessed traits, exhibiting good heritability and achieving selection gains. For instance, the first 10 classified clones exhibited a heritability of 80.2% and achieved a selection gain of 98% for accumulated plant dry mass. Therefore, the maintenance of in vivo AGBs allows agronomic studies, offering promising results for continuing the breeding programs and preserving the genetic variability of species.
无花果树(Ficus carica L.，桑科)起源于地中海盆地，是巴西种植的许多果树之一，“Roxo-de-Valinhos”是唯一使用的品种。在此背景下，对该物种进行改良，开发高抗性和适应性的品种是至关重要的。因此，本研究旨在维持圣保罗州立大学(UNESP) Ilha Solteira工程学院(FEIS)的无花果在体内活性种质资源库(AGB)，并基于遗传参数的定量描述来表征这些材料的农艺性状，并观察特定基因型选择的增益，以说明AGB的遗传变异。在UNESP FEIS的教学、研究和推广农场(FEPE)实地评估了36个卡里卡菌基因型。测定了种质性状、果实参数(如插穗、果实柄长、果实长、果实直径、平均果实质量)和植株累积干质量。此外，还对遗传参数、方差组成、描述统计进行了评价，包括遗传和环境方差、无性系遗传力和平均遗传力、基因型和环境变异系数及其比值()、一般平均、选择增益等。所选无花果树材料在评价性状上表现出遗传变异，表现出良好的遗传力，实现了选择增益。例如，前10个分类无性系的遗传力为80.2%，累积植株干质量的选择增益为98%。因此，维持体内agb可以进行农艺研究，为继续育种计划和保护物种的遗传变异性提供有希望的结果。
{"title":"Genetic parameters and gains with the selection of fig tree genotypes","authors":"P. D. Almeida, B. E. Pavan, M. G. F. Rodrigues, Guilherme de Freitas Gaspar, Leonardo de Paula Giro, Renan Furquim da Silva","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55796","url":null,"abstract":"Fig tree (Ficus carica L., Moraceae), which originated in the Mediterranean Basin, is one of the many fruit trees grown in Brazil, with ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’ being the exclusively used cultivar. In this context, research aimed at the improvement of this species to develop highly resistant and adaptable cultivars is paramount. Thus, the present study aimed to maintain fig accessions in an in vivo active germplasm bank (AGB) at the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), as well as to characterize the agronomic traits of these accessions based on quantitative descriptors of genetic parameters and observe gains with the selection of specific genotypes to illustrate the AGB in terms of genetic variability. A total of 36 F. carica genotypes were evaluated in the field at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (FEPE) of the FEIS, UNESP. Qualitative traits, fruit parameters (e.g., insertion of the first fruit, fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, and average fruit mass), and accumulated plant dry mass were measured. In addition, genetic parameters, variance components, and descriptive statistics, including genetic and environmental variances, heritability and average heritability of clones, coefficients of genotypic and environmental variation and their ratio ( ), general average, and selection gain, were evaluated. The selected fig tree accessions showed genetic variability in the assessed traits, exhibiting good heritability and achieving selection gains. For instance, the first 10 classified clones exhibited a heritability of 80.2% and achieved a selection gain of 98% for accumulated plant dry mass. Therefore, the maintenance of in vivo AGBs allows agronomic studies, offering promising results for continuing the breeding programs and preserving the genetic variability of species.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90735627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55766
M. E. F. Otoboni, Darllan Junior Luiz Santos Ferreira de Oliveira, B. E. Pavan, M. Andrade, P. Vargas
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important tuber vegetable for human health worldwide owing to its nutritional value and productivity. Consumption of orange-fleshed sweetpotato is beneficial to combat vitamin A deficiency in the world, including Brazil, as these tubers are rich in β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. The genotype × environment interaction is one of the greatest challenges in plant breeding, specifically in the selection and approval of cultivars. In this context, adaptability and stability analyses are warranted to evaluate the performance of various genotypes in terms of general or specific adaptations to certain environments and to identify genotypes responsive to environmental variations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction as well as to estimate the adaptability and stability of sweetpotato genotypes for identifying and selecting promising candidates for breeding. The experiments were performed in four environments: Vera Cruz in São Paulo, Selvíria in Mato Grosso do Sul, and one organic and another intercropped production system in Sete Barras in São Paulo. A randomized block design with two replicates was adopted. A total of 265 genotypes were tested, and the orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was used as the control. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model was used to study environmental stratification, adaptability, and stability. The genotype × environment interaction was evident in all environments. The genotypes CERAT21-13 (marketable root yield, 22.30 t ha-1 in the four environments), CERAT29-26 (27.74 t ha-1), and CERAT52-22 (20.24 t ha-1) were the most adapted in general to the four environments. CERAT25-23, CERAT29-23, and CERAT29-26 were the most adapted to the environment in Vera Cruz; CERAT29-26, CERAT34-14, and CERAT56-32 to the environment in Selvíria; and CERAT31-10, CERAT35-19, and CERAT52-22 to the two environments in Sete Barras.
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.)因其营养价值和生产力而成为世界范围内对人类健康重要的块茎蔬菜。食用橙肉甘薯有助于对抗世界上包括巴西在内的维生素A缺乏症，因为这些块茎富含维生素A的前体β-胡萝卜素。基因型与环境的相互作用是植物育种中最大的挑战之一，特别是在品种的选择和批准方面。在这种情况下，适应性和稳定性分析是有必要的，以评估各种基因型对某些环境的一般或特定适应的表现，并确定对环境变化有反应的基因型。因此，本研究的目的是评估基因型与环境的相互作用，并评估甘薯基因型的适应性和稳定性，以确定和选择有希望的育种候选品种。试验在四个环境中进行:圣保罗州的Vera Cruz，南马托格罗索州的Selvíria，以及圣保罗州的Sete Barras的有机间作生产系统。采用随机区组设计，共2个重复。共检测265个基因型，以甜瓜品种‘Beauregard’为对照。采用加性主效应和乘性交互作用模型研究环境分层、适应性和稳定性。基因型与环境的交互作用在所有环境中都很明显。四种环境下，CERAT21-13(可售根产量22.30 t ha-1)、CERAT29-26 (27.74 t ha-1)和CERAT52-22 (20.24 t ha-1)基因型对四种环境的适应程度最高。其中，CERAT25-23、CERAT29-23和CERAT29-26对维拉克鲁斯区环境最适应;CERAT29-26、CERAT34-14、CERAT56-32到Selvíria环境;以及CERAT31-10、CERAT35-19和CERAT52-22到Sete Barras的两个环境。
{"title":"Genotype × environment interaction for the agronomic performance of high β-carotene sweetpotato","authors":"M. E. F. Otoboni, Darllan Junior Luiz Santos Ferreira de Oliveira, B. E. Pavan, M. Andrade, P. Vargas","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.55766","url":null,"abstract":"Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important tuber vegetable for human health worldwide owing to its nutritional value and productivity. Consumption of orange-fleshed sweetpotato is beneficial to combat vitamin A deficiency in the world, including Brazil, as these tubers are rich in β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. The genotype × environment interaction is one of the greatest challenges in plant breeding, specifically in the selection and approval of cultivars. In this context, adaptability and stability analyses are warranted to evaluate the performance of various genotypes in terms of general or specific adaptations to certain environments and to identify genotypes responsive to environmental variations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction as well as to estimate the adaptability and stability of sweetpotato genotypes for identifying and selecting promising candidates for breeding. The experiments were performed in four environments: Vera Cruz in São Paulo, Selvíria in Mato Grosso do Sul, and one organic and another intercropped production system in Sete Barras in São Paulo. A randomized block design with two replicates was adopted. A total of 265 genotypes were tested, and the orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was used as the control. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model was used to study environmental stratification, adaptability, and stability. The genotype × environment interaction was evident in all environments. The genotypes CERAT21-13 (marketable root yield, 22.30 t ha-1 in the four environments), CERAT29-26 (27.74 t ha-1), and CERAT52-22 (20.24 t ha-1) were the most adapted in general to the four environments. CERAT25-23, CERAT29-23, and CERAT29-26 were the most adapted to the environment in Vera Cruz; CERAT29-26, CERAT34-14, and CERAT56-32 to the environment in Selvíria; and CERAT31-10, CERAT35-19, and CERAT52-22 to the two environments in Sete Barras.","PeriodicalId":56373,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91090733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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