Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582860
M. Usama, M. S. Sheikh
The paper details the vector indexing algorithm for post processing of data in optical time domain reflectometer. Post processing is necessary in OTDR for event detection and feature extraction from the acquired traces. The vector indexing algorithm uses the acquired data trace to extract accurate event location and improve upon the spatial resolution of the OTDR. The proposed algorithm has been tested on our self-developed OTDR board and its performance has been benchmarked against the real measured event locations.
{"title":"Vector indexing algorithm for post processing of OTDR data","authors":"M. Usama, M. S. Sheikh","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582860","url":null,"abstract":"The paper details the vector indexing algorithm for post processing of data in optical time domain reflectometer. Post processing is necessary in OTDR for event detection and feature extraction from the acquired traces. The vector indexing algorithm uses the acquired data trace to extract accurate event location and improve upon the spatial resolution of the OTDR. The proposed algorithm has been tested on our self-developed OTDR board and its performance has been benchmarked against the real measured event locations.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"13 1","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75584452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582895
D. Siracusa, Attilio Broglio, A. Francescon, A. Zanardi, E. Salvadori
Cognition represents one of the ingredients to make up the future high-capacity heterogeneous optical networks. This paper provides three main contributions for a preliminary study of a Control and Management System (CMS) able to support the cognitive entity, named Cognitive Decision System (CDS). First of all, two architectural approaches to realize a cognitive optical network are presented. Secondly, the focus is set on the description of a centralized GMPLS-based CMS architecture and on the interactions between its modules and the CDS. In particular, the CDS decisions rely on a database updated by CMS protocols (i.e., by OSPF - TE) to grasp information about network configuration and resources availability. Unfortunately, OSPF - TE may not be able to timely update the CDS-database. To address this issue, the paper presents two CDS-database updating policies and compares their performance through simulations. Finally, a set of open issues and challenges is detailed in order to provide an input for a deep analysis of the presented CMS architecture.
{"title":"Toward a control and management system enabling cognitive optical networks","authors":"D. Siracusa, Attilio Broglio, A. Francescon, A. Zanardi, E. Salvadori","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582895","url":null,"abstract":"Cognition represents one of the ingredients to make up the future high-capacity heterogeneous optical networks. This paper provides three main contributions for a preliminary study of a Control and Management System (CMS) able to support the cognitive entity, named Cognitive Decision System (CDS). First of all, two architectural approaches to realize a cognitive optical network are presented. Secondly, the focus is set on the description of a centralized GMPLS-based CMS architecture and on the interactions between its modules and the CDS. In particular, the CDS decisions rely on a database updated by CMS protocols (i.e., by OSPF - TE) to grasp information about network configuration and resources availability. Unfortunately, OSPF - TE may not be able to timely update the CDS-database. To address this issue, the paper presents two CDS-database updating policies and compares their performance through simulations. Finally, a set of open issues and challenges is detailed in order to provide an input for a deep analysis of the presented CMS architecture.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"103 1","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85031699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582886
Ali R. Naraghi, S. Olyaee, A. Najibi, E. Leitgeb
A new design of photonic crystal fiber based on octagonal array of air holes in the silica background is proposed for using as a sensor node in the optical network protection system of gas pipelines. The aim of our design is achieving more sensitivity and lowering the confinement loss. In addition, introducing a hollow high index ring with an air hole in the center of fiber simultaneously enhances the relative sensitivity and achieves low confinement loss. The dependence of sensing properties on the fiber parameters is numerically investigated by finite element method (FEM). We achieve the optimum design that has the relative sensitivity of 9.33% and the confinement loss of 6.8×10-4 dB/m, at wavelength of λ=1.5μm. The results prove the ability of the proposed fiber in the optical wireless sensor networks as a gas or liquid sensor nod.
{"title":"Photonic crystal fiber gas sensor for using in optical network protection systems","authors":"Ali R. Naraghi, S. Olyaee, A. Najibi, E. Leitgeb","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582886","url":null,"abstract":"A new design of photonic crystal fiber based on octagonal array of air holes in the silica background is proposed for using as a sensor node in the optical network protection system of gas pipelines. The aim of our design is achieving more sensitivity and lowering the confinement loss. In addition, introducing a hollow high index ring with an air hole in the center of fiber simultaneously enhances the relative sensitivity and achieves low confinement loss. The dependence of sensing properties on the fiber parameters is numerically investigated by finite element method (FEM). We achieve the optimum design that has the relative sensitivity of 9.33% and the confinement loss of 6.8×10-4 dB/m, at wavelength of λ=1.5μm. The results prove the ability of the proposed fiber in the optical wireless sensor networks as a gas or liquid sensor nod.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"68 1","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85850454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582898
Nacira Stiebler, P. Pezzei, A. Merdonig, E. Leitgeb
For the verification of Free Space Optics (FSO) systems it is common to determine optical power measured depending on illuminated area at a certain wavelength. In the context of this work a new measurement system was developed, which is able to measure not only the optical power but also the complete spectral distribution of the light beam. FSO is becoming more and more important, because of the high usable bandwidth (leading to high data-rates) in optics compared to radio frequency (RF). The measurement system consists of a mechanical structure, where a collimator is mounted on. This collimator can be moved in two dimensions to enable the measurement of predefined points. It is connected with a spectrum analyzer using an optical fiber. A computer controls the position of the collimator and initiates the spectrum analyzer to record the spectral curves, the maximum peak of power, the -3dB bandwidth and the total power of spectrum. The obtained data covers a measurement area of 0.91 m by 0.77 m which can be surveyed at a high local resolution of 0.7 mm. Collimated beams in the range between 600 and 1750 nm are analysed.
为了验证自由空间光学(FSO)系统，通常根据特定波长的照射面积来确定测量的光功率。在这项工作的背景下，开发了一种新的测量系统，该系统不仅可以测量光功率，还可以测量光束的全光谱分布。由于与射频(RF)相比，光学器件具有高可用带宽(导致高数据速率)，因此FSO变得越来越重要。测量系统由一个机械结构组成，其中安装了准直器。该准直器可以在两个维度上移动，以实现对预定义点的测量。它通过光纤与频谱分析仪连接。计算机控制准直器的位置，启动频谱分析仪记录频谱曲线、最大功率峰、-3dB带宽和频谱总功率。获得的数据覆盖了0.91 m × 0.77 m的测量区域，可以以0.7 mm的高局部分辨率进行测量。对600 ~ 1750 nm范围内的准直光束进行了分析。
{"title":"Implementation of a measurement system for analysing the spectral radiation pattern of light sources with low divergence","authors":"Nacira Stiebler, P. Pezzei, A. Merdonig, E. Leitgeb","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582898","url":null,"abstract":"For the verification of Free Space Optics (FSO) systems it is common to determine optical power measured depending on illuminated area at a certain wavelength. In the context of this work a new measurement system was developed, which is able to measure not only the optical power but also the complete spectral distribution of the light beam. FSO is becoming more and more important, because of the high usable bandwidth (leading to high data-rates) in optics compared to radio frequency (RF). The measurement system consists of a mechanical structure, where a collimator is mounted on. This collimator can be moved in two dimensions to enable the measurement of predefined points. It is connected with a spectrum analyzer using an optical fiber. A computer controls the position of the collimator and initiates the spectrum analyzer to record the spectral curves, the maximum peak of power, the -3dB bandwidth and the total power of spectrum. The obtained data covers a measurement area of 0.91 m by 0.77 m which can be surveyed at a high local resolution of 0.7 mm. Collimated beams in the range between 600 and 1750 nm are analysed.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"23 1","pages":"269-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78782062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582881
P. Brandl, H. Zimmermann
A receiver chip is presented for an indoor optical wireless communication system. The integrated chip consists of several pin-photodiodes with appropriate amplifiers and was realized in a 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. For testing purpose, a transmitter system based on a VCSEL has been developed. The beam spot of the laser is adjustable with an adaptive optical system. The spot position can be steered with a mirror mounted on a MEMS. The special pin-photodiode structure allows a simple alignment of the transmitter without expensive optical components. A 3 Gbit/s transmission over a distance of 4 m has been reached.
{"title":"Optoelectronic integrated circuit for indoor optical wireless communication with adjustable beam","authors":"P. Brandl, H. Zimmermann","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582881","url":null,"abstract":"A receiver chip is presented for an indoor optical wireless communication system. The integrated chip consists of several pin-photodiodes with appropriate amplifiers and was realized in a 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. For testing purpose, a transmitter system based on a VCSEL has been developed. The beam spot of the laser is adjustable with an adaptive optical system. The spot position can be steered with a mirror mounted on a MEMS. The special pin-photodiode structure allows a simple alignment of the transmitter without expensive optical components. A 3 Gbit/s transmission over a distance of 4 m has been reached.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"1 1","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88621259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582896
I. B. Martins, G. Pérez-Sánchez, P. Gallion, Felipe Rudge, E. Moschim
This article evaluates the performance of Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) networks considering two different modes of photonic Switching: Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Circuit Switching (OCS). A resource distribution planning is proposed including wavelength/amplifier allocation to improve the blocking probability and to ensure signal quality. The present study considered the effects of signal attenuation and dispersion in mesh topology networks, and the actual utilization of each network link for the distribution of wavelengths and amplifiers. The physical network parameters considered had average diameter and average distance, as well as ASE noise accumulation and channel cross-talk. In order to evaluate and compare the performance between WDM-OCS and WDM-OPS, the following parameters were analyzed: delay (latency), blocking probability, and effective network-capacity utilization. Results show a reduction of blocking probability with a small increase in latency in both OCS and OPS, but the WDM-OPS combination presents results with very positive impact. Work was carried out with both analytic modeling and computer simulations.
{"title":"Performance of WDM networks with photonic switching and resource distribution planning","authors":"I. B. Martins, G. Pérez-Sánchez, P. Gallion, Felipe Rudge, E. Moschim","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582896","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the performance of Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) networks considering two different modes of photonic Switching: Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Circuit Switching (OCS). A resource distribution planning is proposed including wavelength/amplifier allocation to improve the blocking probability and to ensure signal quality. The present study considered the effects of signal attenuation and dispersion in mesh topology networks, and the actual utilization of each network link for the distribution of wavelengths and amplifiers. The physical network parameters considered had average diameter and average distance, as well as ASE noise accumulation and channel cross-talk. In order to evaluate and compare the performance between WDM-OCS and WDM-OPS, the following parameters were analyzed: delay (latency), blocking probability, and effective network-capacity utilization. Results show a reduction of blocking probability with a small increase in latency in both OCS and OPS, but the WDM-OPS combination presents results with very positive impact. Work was carried out with both analytic modeling and computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"4 1","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90282153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582897
V. Miletić, B. Mikac, M. Dzanko
In optical networks a group of logically distinct links can unintentionally share a physical resource (e.g, a cable or a duct). Such a group, called shared risk link group (SRLG), introduces a situation where a single failure of common resource can cause multiple failures. Failure of common resource usually occurs due to physical force (e.g, digging or earthquake) and causes failures of multiple links. Specifically, such a failure can cause both working and spare wavelength path of a logical connection between two edge nodes to fail at the same time, leaving them disconnected until a repair is done. The usual approach to solving this problem consists of introducing more spare capacity to the network and also using a routing algorithm that takes SRLGs into account when computing paths. Such a routing algorithm avoids creating working and spare path pairs that have links contained in the same SRLG, to minimize the negative impact of SRLG failure on logical connection availability. In this paper the impact of physical length of the SRLGs on network availability is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. New simulation model for availability evaluation is implemented by discrete-event network simulator ns-3. Implementation approach is discussed, and an overview of model features is provided. For simple cases, Monte Carlo simulation results obtained by using the model are compared to analytical results. The availability results for the general case are obtained using Monte Carlo simulation and discussed.
{"title":"Impact evaluation of physical length of shared risk link groups on optical network availability using Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"V. Miletić, B. Mikac, M. Dzanko","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582897","url":null,"abstract":"In optical networks a group of logically distinct links can unintentionally share a physical resource (e.g, a cable or a duct). Such a group, called shared risk link group (SRLG), introduces a situation where a single failure of common resource can cause multiple failures. Failure of common resource usually occurs due to physical force (e.g, digging or earthquake) and causes failures of multiple links. Specifically, such a failure can cause both working and spare wavelength path of a logical connection between two edge nodes to fail at the same time, leaving them disconnected until a repair is done. The usual approach to solving this problem consists of introducing more spare capacity to the network and also using a routing algorithm that takes SRLGs into account when computing paths. Such a routing algorithm avoids creating working and spare path pairs that have links contained in the same SRLG, to minimize the negative impact of SRLG failure on logical connection availability. In this paper the impact of physical length of the SRLGs on network availability is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. New simulation model for availability evaluation is implemented by discrete-event network simulator ns-3. Implementation approach is discussed, and an overview of model features is provided. For simple cases, Monte Carlo simulation results obtained by using the model are compared to analytical results. The availability results for the general case are obtained using Monte Carlo simulation and discussed.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"121 1","pages":"249-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76689870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582885
I. Aldaya, E. Giacoumidis, S. Tsyier, A. Tsokanos, Zabih Ghassemlooy, I. B. Martins, G. Pérez-Sánchez, Ioannis Tomkos
Monte-Carlo (MC)-based optimization is applied to minimize the group delay ripple (GDR) of cascaded chromatic dispersion compensation fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Optimal selection of FBGs using MC shows an improvement of up to ~40% with respect to the average value of 10 cascaded FBGs.
{"title":"Monte-Carlo-based method for group delay ripple reduction in cascaded dispersion compensation FBGs","authors":"I. Aldaya, E. Giacoumidis, S. Tsyier, A. Tsokanos, Zabih Ghassemlooy, I. B. Martins, G. Pérez-Sánchez, Ioannis Tomkos","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582885","url":null,"abstract":"Monte-Carlo (MC)-based optimization is applied to minimize the group delay ripple (GDR) of cascaded chromatic dispersion compensation fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Optimal selection of FBGs using MC shows an improvement of up to ~40% with respect to the average value of 10 cascaded FBGs.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"97 1","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77919001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582862
L. Krzczanowicz, M. Connelly
DQPSK modulation has become particularly attractive in high-speed optical communications because of its resistance to fiber nonlinearities and its more efficient use of fiber bandwidth. We experimentally study the amplification of 40 Gbit/s (20 Gbaud) NRZ-DQPSK data by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The Q factors before and after amplification are measured. A bulk SOA with 21 dB gain and 10 dBm output saturation power is used. The Q factor of the demodulated data after amplification ranges from 5 to 7 with a maximum penalty of 0.7 dB compared to the back-to-back measurements.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of 40 Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK data amplification using a semiconductor optical amplifier","authors":"L. Krzczanowicz, M. Connelly","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582862","url":null,"abstract":"DQPSK modulation has become particularly attractive in high-speed optical communications because of its resistance to fiber nonlinearities and its more efficient use of fiber bandwidth. We experimentally study the amplification of 40 Gbit/s (20 Gbaud) NRZ-DQPSK data by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The Q factors before and after amplification are measured. A bulk SOA with 21 dB gain and 10 dBm output saturation power is used. The Q factor of the demodulated data after amplification ranges from 5 to 7 with a maximum penalty of 0.7 dB compared to the back-to-back measurements.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"6 1","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582866
P. Kantor, L. Csurgai-Horváth, J. Bitó
Free-space optical (FSO) and microwave telecommunication links have considerably adverse propagation characteristics. For radio waves that are operating in the millimeter wavelength one of the most harmful circumstantial factors is the attenuation caused by precipitation, especially by rain. However, for FSO links the main adverse effect is fog, being most responsible for the unavailability of FSO links. These adverse propagation characteristics allow good efficiency for a site diversity system that consists of parallel FSO and millimeterwave links. In order to study the propagation characteristics of these types of links a measurement system is operating at Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Broadband Infocommunicatons and Electromagnetic Theory (BME-HVT). In this paper the efficiency of a parallel FSO-microwave site diversity system is presented on the basis of the results of the measurement system. The outage probabilities of the FSO and microwave links are compared to the outage probability of the diversity system. Moreover, the possibility of microwave transmitter power reduction is investigated as well in case of the application of the hybrid diversity system.
{"title":"Availability improvement of free-space optical and microwave communications links — A diversity system","authors":"P. Kantor, L. Csurgai-Horváth, J. Bitó","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582866","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optical (FSO) and microwave telecommunication links have considerably adverse propagation characteristics. For radio waves that are operating in the millimeter wavelength one of the most harmful circumstantial factors is the attenuation caused by precipitation, especially by rain. However, for FSO links the main adverse effect is fog, being most responsible for the unavailability of FSO links. These adverse propagation characteristics allow good efficiency for a site diversity system that consists of parallel FSO and millimeterwave links. In order to study the propagation characteristics of these types of links a measurement system is operating at Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Broadband Infocommunicatons and Electromagnetic Theory (BME-HVT). In this paper the efficiency of a parallel FSO-microwave site diversity system is presented on the basis of the results of the measurement system. The outage probabilities of the FSO and microwave links are compared to the outage probability of the diversity system. Moreover, the possibility of microwave transmitter power reduction is investigated as well in case of the application of the hybrid diversity system.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"12 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79424379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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