Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582875
V. Mai, T. Thang, A. Pham
This paper presents an analytical study on the performance of transmission control protocol (TCP) over free-space optical (FSO) links when the automatic-repeat request, selective repeat (ARQ-SR) scheme is used for the link layer. Using a three-dimensional (3-D) Markov model, we analytically derive the TCP throughput and energy-throughput efficiency, which is the the ratio between the TCP throughput and the average energy for transmitting an unit data of TCP. In the numerical analysis, we quantitatively discuss the impact of various FSO physical and link layer parameters on the trade-off between the energy consumption and the TCP throughput.
{"title":"Performance analysis of TCP over free-space optical links with ARQ-SR","authors":"V. Mai, T. Thang, A. Pham","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582875","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical study on the performance of transmission control protocol (TCP) over free-space optical (FSO) links when the automatic-repeat request, selective repeat (ARQ-SR) scheme is used for the link layer. Using a three-dimensional (3-D) Markov model, we analytically derive the TCP throughput and energy-throughput efficiency, which is the the ratio between the TCP throughput and the average energy for transmitting an unit data of TCP. In the numerical analysis, we quantitatively discuss the impact of various FSO physical and link layer parameters on the trade-off between the energy consumption and the TCP throughput.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"82 1","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77128520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582879
P. Baziana, I. Pountourakis
This study presents a wavelength division multiplexing multi-ring architecture for metropolitan area networks (MANs). An asynchronous transmission WDMA protocol is introduced that serves the variable size of Internet packets in nowadays ring MANs under asymmetric traffic scenarios. Especially, the proposed WDMA protocol takes under consideration the time sensitivity of Internet traffic and each time instant allows the transmission of variable size packets that do not collide over the WDM channels and at destination. In this way, the proposed access scheme is totally collisions-free, while it ensures optimal fiber bandwidth exploitation, especially under high offered loads. Also, dropping probability and total delay experienced reduction is achieved, while throughput improvement is obtained that reaches almost 300% as compared with other relative protocol. The proposed network architecture manages high scalability and maintenance since it exploits the transceivers tunability benefits to use all wavelengths for both transmission and reception. Finally, a simulation model based on Poisson traffic statistics is developed for the performance measures evaluation.
{"title":"An asynchronous WDMA protocol without collisions for ring MANs: Study for Internet traffic packet size variation","authors":"P. Baziana, I. Pountourakis","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582879","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a wavelength division multiplexing multi-ring architecture for metropolitan area networks (MANs). An asynchronous transmission WDMA protocol is introduced that serves the variable size of Internet packets in nowadays ring MANs under asymmetric traffic scenarios. Especially, the proposed WDMA protocol takes under consideration the time sensitivity of Internet traffic and each time instant allows the transmission of variable size packets that do not collide over the WDM channels and at destination. In this way, the proposed access scheme is totally collisions-free, while it ensures optimal fiber bandwidth exploitation, especially under high offered loads. Also, dropping probability and total delay experienced reduction is achieved, while throughput improvement is obtained that reaches almost 300% as compared with other relative protocol. The proposed network architecture manages high scalability and maintenance since it exploits the transceivers tunability benefits to use all wavelengths for both transmission and reception. Finally, a simulation model based on Poisson traffic statistics is developed for the performance measures evaluation.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"11 1","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72854865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582891
M. S. Khan, M. R. Naqvi, M. A. Khan, M. Latif, K. Ullah, R. Khan, R. Wali, E. Leitgeb
Free-space optics (FSO) is subject of interest for researchers due to its various advantages like high bandwidth, low setup cost, easy installation, license free spectrum and secure communication. Although there are various advantages of using FSO but when it comes to its implementation FSO links are highly affected by various weather factors like fog, rain, snow, smoke and smog. Among all these factors fog is one of the prominent factor causing severe attenuation for FSO link. Department of Meteorology at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology in Islamabad is measuring visibility data due to fog since 2009. In this paper four sample fog events have been selected to estimate optical attenuation using Kim, Kruse and Al Naboulsi model at three different wavelengths of 830 nm, 1550 nm and 10 μm. The results indicate that optical attenuation are reaching up to 110 dB/km.
{"title":"Optical attenuation estimation from measured visibility data in Islamabad, Pakistan","authors":"M. S. Khan, M. R. Naqvi, M. A. Khan, M. Latif, K. Ullah, R. Khan, R. Wali, E. Leitgeb","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582891","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optics (FSO) is subject of interest for researchers due to its various advantages like high bandwidth, low setup cost, easy installation, license free spectrum and secure communication. Although there are various advantages of using FSO but when it comes to its implementation FSO links are highly affected by various weather factors like fog, rain, snow, smoke and smog. Among all these factors fog is one of the prominent factor causing severe attenuation for FSO link. Department of Meteorology at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology in Islamabad is measuring visibility data due to fog since 2009. In this paper four sample fog events have been selected to estimate optical attenuation using Kim, Kruse and Al Naboulsi model at three different wavelengths of 830 nm, 1550 nm and 10 μm. The results indicate that optical attenuation are reaching up to 110 dB/km.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"30 1","pages":"203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81026871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582878
Dimitris Maniadakis, Athanasios Balmpakakis, D. Varoutas
As society progressively depends on large-scale telecommunications networks and their connectivity rapidly rises over time, it becomes of vital importance to study their topological features. On the backbone level uncertain disturbances of its constituent parts may affect a sizable proportion of the population, thus this can well explain the recent focus on evaluating backbone robustness metrics. Unlike previous empirical studies, which are limited to static snapshots of topologies, in this paper robustness algorithms are applied to networks over time. The temporal evolution of topological robustness is studied for a set of four real backbone networks by observing snapshots taken at regularly spaced points in time. It is found that only half of the fundamental robustness properties are changing over time with even fewer improving their values. The introduction of the time factor extends the robustness analysis and allows for deriving results on the network robustness dynamics.
{"title":"On the temporal evolution of backbone topological robustness","authors":"Dimitris Maniadakis, Athanasios Balmpakakis, D. Varoutas","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582878","url":null,"abstract":"As society progressively depends on large-scale telecommunications networks and their connectivity rapidly rises over time, it becomes of vital importance to study their topological features. On the backbone level uncertain disturbances of its constituent parts may affect a sizable proportion of the population, thus this can well explain the recent focus on evaluating backbone robustness metrics. Unlike previous empirical studies, which are limited to static snapshots of topologies, in this paper robustness algorithms are applied to networks over time. The temporal evolution of topological robustness is studied for a set of four real backbone networks by observing snapshots taken at regularly spaced points in time. It is found that only half of the fundamental robustness properties are changing over time with even fewer improving their values. The introduction of the time factor extends the robustness analysis and allows for deriving results on the network robustness dynamics.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"1 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582861
S. Aleksic, D. Winkler, G. Franzl, A. Poppe, B. Schrenk, F. Hipp
It is well known that optical access networks are able to provide high data rates over long distances and to a reasonable number of users. Security and privacy are always a challenge for public accessible network infrastructures. Especially in time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs), in which the downstream signal is broadcasted to all users connected via the same wavelength channel in a shared fiber link, privacy can be a critical concern. Although encryption at the application layer can provide a high level of security, this can be achieved only if the encryption key distribution is perfectly save. On the other hand, encryption on the physical layer such as quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD) is a very promising approach to achieve secure communication. However, there remain several issues that have to be solved before the quantum cryptography reaches the maturity level needed for a cost effective implementation in practical networks. In this paper, we address quantum key distribution (QKD) over passive optical access networks, which is an enabling technology required to cost efficiently deploy practical quantum encrypted data communication in the access area. We study different methods to integrate QKD systems in conventional optical access networks and quantitatively evaluate their suitability for a potential implementation.
{"title":"Quantum key distribution over optical access networks","authors":"S. Aleksic, D. Winkler, G. Franzl, A. Poppe, B. Schrenk, F. Hipp","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582861","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that optical access networks are able to provide high data rates over long distances and to a reasonable number of users. Security and privacy are always a challenge for public accessible network infrastructures. Especially in time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs), in which the downstream signal is broadcasted to all users connected via the same wavelength channel in a shared fiber link, privacy can be a critical concern. Although encryption at the application layer can provide a high level of security, this can be achieved only if the encryption key distribution is perfectly save. On the other hand, encryption on the physical layer such as quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD) is a very promising approach to achieve secure communication. However, there remain several issues that have to be solved before the quantum cryptography reaches the maturity level needed for a cost effective implementation in practical networks. In this paper, we address quantum key distribution (QKD) over passive optical access networks, which is an enabling technology required to cost efficiently deploy practical quantum encrypted data communication in the access area. We study different methods to integrate QKD systems in conventional optical access networks and quantitatively evaluate their suitability for a potential implementation.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"32 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85618612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582859
Soeun Kim, Yang Sao Lee, C. Kee, Chung-Ghiu Lee
We have proposed a hybrid lattice photonic crystal fiber using two different sized air holes and conventional square and triangular lattice cladding structure. Based on the plane wave expansion method and finite element method, we numerically investigated polarization, dispersion and confinement loss of the hybrid square and triangular lattice photonic crystal fiber and compared the properties of the both hybrid lattice PCFs. From the numerical results, it is shown that both hybrid lattice structure provides high birefringence (~10-2) and negative dispersion properties maintaining low leakage loss (10-1 ~ 10-2 dB/km). However, the hybrid triangular lattice PCF shows little higher birefringence and little lower leakage loss. On the other hand, for the dispersion properties, the hybrid square lattice PCF shows more negative value.
{"title":"Hybrid lattice photonic crystal fiber","authors":"Soeun Kim, Yang Sao Lee, C. Kee, Chung-Ghiu Lee","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582859","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed a hybrid lattice photonic crystal fiber using two different sized air holes and conventional square and triangular lattice cladding structure. Based on the plane wave expansion method and finite element method, we numerically investigated polarization, dispersion and confinement loss of the hybrid square and triangular lattice photonic crystal fiber and compared the properties of the both hybrid lattice PCFs. From the numerical results, it is shown that both hybrid lattice structure provides high birefringence (~10-2) and negative dispersion properties maintaining low leakage loss (10-1 ~ 10-2 dB/km). However, the hybrid triangular lattice PCF shows little higher birefringence and little lower leakage loss. On the other hand, for the dispersion properties, the hybrid square lattice PCF shows more negative value.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"154 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86281090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582890
Xuan Tang, Zhengyuan Xu, Zabih Ghassemlooy
In this paper, the end-to-end outage probability of a multihop free space optical (FSO) communication system over N independent Nakagami fading relay channels are analyzed. We assume that the channel state information-based relays have the knowledge of the channel states in the preceding hops. The Laplace transform of the inverse end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived in a closed form. Based on this expression, the outage probability involving N statistically independent, but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) Nakagami relay channels is evaluated numerically via the inverse Laplace transform. The results indicate that the outage probability improves as N decreases and/or the arbitrary fading parameter m increases. This is because the probability that any of the cascaded fading channels is in deep fade decreases significantly. Therefore, the smaller N and/or larger m, the better the multihop relay channel.
{"title":"Outage probability of multihop free space optical communications over nakagami fading channels","authors":"Xuan Tang, Zhengyuan Xu, Zabih Ghassemlooy","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582890","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the end-to-end outage probability of a multihop free space optical (FSO) communication system over N independent Nakagami fading relay channels are analyzed. We assume that the channel state information-based relays have the knowledge of the channel states in the preceding hops. The Laplace transform of the inverse end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived in a closed form. Based on this expression, the outage probability involving N statistically independent, but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) Nakagami relay channels is evaluated numerically via the inverse Laplace transform. The results indicate that the outage probability improves as N decreases and/or the arbitrary fading parameter m increases. This is because the probability that any of the cascaded fading channels is in deep fade decreases significantly. Therefore, the smaller N and/or larger m, the better the multihop relay channel.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"3 1","pages":"199-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73459802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582868
A. Morsy, E. El-Fiky, Haitham S. Khallaf, H. Shalaby
Interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA) has been recently proposed as a new spread spectrum multiple-access technique in optical communication systems. However, IDMA has not been studied for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) optical networks. In this paper, we introduce modifications to traditional IDMA decoding algorithm so as to make it suitable for IM/DD optical communication systems. In addition, we compare the performance, in terms of the bit-error rate (BER), of optical IDMA systems to the corresponding systems adopting optical CDMA. Our results reveal that under the above modifications, optical IDMA systems show significant improvement in the BER performance when compared to that of optical CDMA systems under same conditions.
{"title":"Performance analysis and comparison of optical IDMA and optical CDMA techniques using unipolar transmission scheme","authors":"A. Morsy, E. El-Fiky, Haitham S. Khallaf, H. Shalaby","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582868","url":null,"abstract":"Interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA) has been recently proposed as a new spread spectrum multiple-access technique in optical communication systems. However, IDMA has not been studied for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) optical networks. In this paper, we introduce modifications to traditional IDMA decoding algorithm so as to make it suitable for IM/DD optical communication systems. In addition, we compare the performance, in terms of the bit-error rate (BER), of optical IDMA systems to the corresponding systems adopting optical CDMA. Our results reveal that under the above modifications, optical IDMA systems show significant improvement in the BER performance when compared to that of optical CDMA systems under same conditions.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"64 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77236928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582888
C. Zukowski, D. Payne, M. Ruffini
In this paper, we examine a nation-wide deployment case study of 1024-way-split Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) for Ireland. We analyse the effect that different splitters configurations in the Distribution Section have on the PONs utilisation and on the total fibre cable length required to cover the country. Our approach, which considers both dense and sparsely populated areas, is based on a clustering algorithm that, starting from the location of end users, aggregates them into clusters, representing different branches of a PON. Our test scenarios are generated from a real dataset containing exact positions of millions of buildings. Our results show how the optimal dimensions and positions of the power splitters vary when we move from densely populated to sparsely populated areas. We indicate which splitters configurations should be applied in dense and sparse areas (urban and rural) to minimise the number of PONs. We also show that when cable branching is considered near the end user, reduction of up to 40% in total fibre cable length can be obtained.
{"title":"Optical splitters configuration for long-reach passive optical network deployment","authors":"C. Zukowski, D. Payne, M. Ruffini","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582888","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine a nation-wide deployment case study of 1024-way-split Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) for Ireland. We analyse the effect that different splitters configurations in the Distribution Section have on the PONs utilisation and on the total fibre cable length required to cover the country. Our approach, which considers both dense and sparsely populated areas, is based on a clustering algorithm that, starting from the location of end users, aggregates them into clusters, representing different branches of a PON. Our test scenarios are generated from a real dataset containing exact positions of millions of buildings. Our results show how the optimal dimensions and positions of the power splitters vary when we move from densely populated to sparsely populated areas. We indicate which splitters configurations should be applied in dense and sparse areas (urban and rural) to minimise the number of PONs. We also show that when cable branching is considered near the end user, reduction of up to 40% in total fibre cable length can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"31 1","pages":"185-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90494640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-10DOI: 10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582893
H. Selmy, Hossam M. H. Shalaby, Haitham S. Khallaf, Z. Kawasaki
A hybrid binary phase shift keying-modified multipulse pulse-position modulation (hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM) scheme is proposed as a new modulation technique to improve both the symbol-error rate performance and bandwidth utilization efficiency of conventional optical multi-pulse pulse position modulation (MPPM) scheme in optical fiber communication systems. Whereas in conventional MPPM scheme, unmodulated pulses are transmitted in every signal block, BPSK modulated pulses is transmitted in the proposed hybrid scheme. That is, the information is encoded in both the positions and phases of the transmitted pulses. The transmission characteristics, transmitter and receiver structures, bandwidth utilization, and optimum decoding for the proposed scheme are presented in this paper. Several performance measures are derived and compared to those of conventional MPPM schemes, adopting both coherent and direct detection receivers, under the same data transmission rates. Our results reveal that, at same average power levels, the proposed hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM scheme achieves much lower levels of symbol-error rates compared to those of ordinary MPPM schemes. Furthermore, in terms of bandwidth-utilization efficiency, the proposed hybrid modulation scheme achieves much higher efficiencies than that of ordinary MPPM schemes.
{"title":"Hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM: A scheme for enhancing optical MPPM in optical fiber communications","authors":"H. Selmy, Hossam M. H. Shalaby, Haitham S. Khallaf, Z. Kawasaki","doi":"10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NOC-OCI.2013.6582893","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid binary phase shift keying-modified multipulse pulse-position modulation (hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM) scheme is proposed as a new modulation technique to improve both the symbol-error rate performance and bandwidth utilization efficiency of conventional optical multi-pulse pulse position modulation (MPPM) scheme in optical fiber communication systems. Whereas in conventional MPPM scheme, unmodulated pulses are transmitted in every signal block, BPSK modulated pulses is transmitted in the proposed hybrid scheme. That is, the information is encoded in both the positions and phases of the transmitted pulses. The transmission characteristics, transmitter and receiver structures, bandwidth utilization, and optimum decoding for the proposed scheme are presented in this paper. Several performance measures are derived and compared to those of conventional MPPM schemes, adopting both coherent and direct detection receivers, under the same data transmission rates. Our results reveal that, at same average power levels, the proposed hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM scheme achieves much lower levels of symbol-error rates compared to those of ordinary MPPM schemes. Furthermore, in terms of bandwidth-utilization efficiency, the proposed hybrid modulation scheme achieves much higher efficiencies than that of ordinary MPPM schemes.","PeriodicalId":57196,"journal":{"name":"光通信研究","volume":"2 1","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75540379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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