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Preliminary time transfer through optical fiber at NIM 初步时间传输通过光纤在NIM
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138948
K. Liang, A. Zhang, Zhiqiang Yang, Weiliang Chen, Weibo Wang, Long Bai, Guitao Fu
TWOTFT has been studied and implemented according to the similar principles to those of TWSTFT. We initially constructed the experiment system for TWOTFT and done some experiments such as time and frequency transfer through the laboratory optical fiber and the real optical fiber links including the real link with 109 km length at NIM. We can get the time stability of less than 6 ps/s and 0.9 ps/100s, and the standard uncertainty of less than 200 ps for time transfer.
根据与TWSTFT相似的原理对TWOTFT进行了研究和实现。我们初步搭建了TWOTFT实验系统,并通过实验室光纤和实际光纤链路(包括NIM的109 km实际链路)进行了时间和频率传输等实验。时间稳定性分别小于6ps /s和0.9 ps/100s,时间传递的标准不确定度小于200ps。
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引用次数: 8
Frequency distribution in delay-stabilized optical DWDM network over the distance of 3000 km 时延稳定光DWDM网络在3000公里范围内的频率分布
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138841
L. Sliwczynski, P. Krehlik, M. Lipinski, K. Turza, A. Binczewski
In the paper we are presenting the results of the experiments we performed with sending the frequency signals (10 MHz) to the remote location exploiting the optical dense wavelength division multiplexed telecommunication network. To stabilize the phase of the frequency signal we applied the approach with the electronic stabilization of the propagation delay. We measured the residual instability resulting from the fact that in a telecommunication network the signals in the forward and backward direction do not share the same fiber and are transmitted through different pieces of equipment when passing through reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexers or optical amplifiers. Our experiments show that results may depend substantially on the route of the link. For all tested links, however, the stability was better than the stability of the signal generated by commercial 5071A cesium standard. In case of one link even the stability better than stability of H-maser was observed for averaging times longer than 1000 s.
本文介绍了利用光密集波分复用通信网络将频率信号(10mhz)发送到远程位置的实验结果。为了稳定频率信号的相位,我们采用了电子稳定传播延迟的方法。我们测量了由于在电信网络中,向前和向后方向的信号不共享同一根光纤,并且在通过可重构光加丢复用器或光放大器时通过不同的设备传输而导致的剩余不稳定性。我们的实验表明,结果可能在很大程度上取决于链接的路径。然而,对于所有测试链路,其稳定性优于商用5071A铯标准产生的信号的稳定性。在单连杆的情况下,平均时间超过1000 s,稳定性甚至优于h脉泽。
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引用次数: 9
Robust clock ensemble for time and frequency reference system 时间和频率参考系统的鲁棒时钟集成
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138861
Qinghua Wang, F. Droz, P. Rochat
A robust clock ensemble is proposed for the time and frequency reference system to improve the robustness and performance of the system. Studies on the feasibility of hardware and algorithm approaches have been conducted. All clocks in the ensemble are locked in phase and frequency via the steering loop. The system performs corrections on the master clock in function of weighted averaging of clocks to generate one ensemble output, and the clock fault detection and compensation is implemented in real time with minimum three clocks powered. As the design has been demonstrated on an elegant breadboard of the Robust Onboard Frequency Reference Subsystem, this concept is proposed for the next-generation of Precise Timing Facility. Simulation results have demonstrated its capability and simplicity to provide a smooth and reliable timing or frequency output even in presence of clock feared events.
为了提高时间和频率参考系统的鲁棒性和性能,提出了一种鲁棒时钟集成方案。对硬件和算法方法的可行性进行了研究。集合中的所有时钟都通过转向回路锁定在相位和频率上。该系统以时钟加权平均的方式对主时钟进行校正,产生一个集成输出,并以最少三个时钟供电的方式实时实现时钟故障检测和补偿。由于该设计已在稳健板载频率参考子系统的优雅面包板上进行了演示,因此该概念被提出用于下一代精确定时设备。仿真结果表明,即使在存在时钟恐惧事件的情况下,它也能提供平稳可靠的定时或频率输出。
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引用次数: 8
Identification and calibration of ground system biases in ground to space laser time transfer 地空激光时间传递中地面系统偏差的识别与标定
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138963
I. Procházka, J. Blažej, J. Kodet
Laser time transfer is and attractive technique to transfer time ground to space with picosecond precision and systematic errors on the level of tens of picoseconds. Recently the European Laser Timing experiment is under construction in the frame of the European Space Agency mission Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. The objective of this laser time transfer is synchronization of the ground based clocks and the clock on board the International Space Station with picosecond precision and the accuracy better than 50 picoseconds We are reporting on a progress in identification and calibration of the biases associated to both ground and space segment. To characterize the delays of a ground segment the Calibration Device has been developed and tested. It enables to calibrate the ground based laser systems for their systematic timing biases. As a result the ground to ground time transfer in an ELT experiment should be accomplished with systematic errors not higher than 25 picoseconds. To determine the delays of a space segment the new calibration procedure has been designed and tested as well. The calibration test results will be presented.
激光时间传递是一种具有皮秒精度和几十皮秒级系统误差的极具吸引力的地面时间到空间时间传递技术。最近,欧洲激光计时实验正在欧洲航天局太空原子钟集合任务的框架内进行建设。这种激光时间转移的目标是使地面时钟与国际空间站上的时钟同步,具有皮秒精度和精度优于50皮秒。我们正在报告在识别和校准与地面和空间段相关的偏差方面取得的进展。为了表征地面段的延迟,已开发并测试了校准装置。它能够校准地面激光系统的系统定时偏差。因此,在ELT实验中,地对地时间传递的系统误差应不高于25皮秒。为了确定空间段的延迟,设计并测试了新的校准程序。校正测试结果将会公布。
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引用次数: 0
Design of the new NIM6 fountain with collecting atoms from a 3D MOT loading optical molasses 从装载光学糖蜜的3D MOT中收集原子的新型NIM6喷泉的设计
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138891
F. Fang, Weiliang Chen, Kun Liu, Nianfeng Liu, R. Suo, Tian-chu Li
We report the design of a new cesium fountain clock NIM6, which is under construction in NIM. Besides some improvements on the vacuum system, Ramsey cavity and microwave synthesizer to reduce the Type B uncertainty. Another major improvement on NIM6 is to collect more atoms from a MOT loading optical molasses and optical pumping to get a better signal to noise ratio at the detection. The atom distribution will be more uniform compared with a 2D MOT loading optical molasses, and the diameter of the cloud can be adjusted by the intensity and detuning of lights during the post cooling to keep the collisional-induced frequency shift low. The atom numbers can be further increased by a new de-pumping - optical pumping procedure to pump atoms to the |F=3, mF=0> clock state directly. With a new cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) based frequency synthesizer, NIM6 is aiming to reach the quantum projection noise, thus leading to a reduced Type A uncertainty compared with NIM5.
我们报道了一种新的铯喷泉钟NIM6的设计,它正在NIM建设中。此外,还对真空系统、拉姆齐腔和微波合成器进行了改进,以降低B型不确定度。NIM6的另一个主要改进是从MOT加载光学糖蜜和光泵浦中收集更多的原子,从而在检测时获得更好的信噪比。与加载光学糖蜜的二维MOT相比,原子分布将更加均匀,并且在冷却过程中可以通过光的强度和失谐来调节云的直径,以保持低碰撞引起的频移。通过一种新的脱抽运-光抽运方法,可以将原子直接抽运到F=3, mF=0>时钟态,从而进一步提高原子序数。NIM6采用一种基于低温蓝宝石振荡器(CSO)的新型频率合成器,旨在达到量子投影噪声,从而与NIM5相比降低a型不确定性。
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引用次数: 5
Comparison of frequency estimators for interrogation of wireless resonant SAW sensors 无线谐振声表面波传感器问询频率估计器的比较
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138893
V. Kalinin
Statistical simulation is used to evaluate performance of four different frequency estimators for interrogation of resonant wireless SAW sensors. The first one is based on DFT and quadratic interpolation, the second one employs a weighted least-squares estimate of the phase difference between signal samples. The third and the fourth methods use singular value decomposition and apply a weighted linear predictor in the case of constant sine wave amplitude and an iterative least squares method in the case of decaying sine wave. Numerical receiver model includes additive and phase noises, SAW response limiting, non-linear phase distortions and parasitic SAW responses. Experimental results are also obtained for all the four frequency estimators.
采用统计仿真方法对四种不同频率估计器在谐振式无线声表面波传感器检测中的性能进行了评价。前者基于DFT和二次插值,后者采用加权最小二乘估计信号样本之间的相位差。第三和第四种方法使用奇异值分解,并在正弦波振幅恒定的情况下应用加权线性预测器,在正弦波衰减的情况下应用迭代最小二乘法。数字接收机模型包括附加和相位噪声、声表面波响应限制、非线性相位畸变和寄生声表面波响应。对四种频率估计器进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 9
Multiple SAW resonance sensing through one communication channel with multiple phase detectors 多声表面波共振传感通过一个通信通道与多个鉴相器
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138784
Yoshinori Takizawa, T. Shibata, Shinji Kashiwada, Yasuo Yamamoto, M. Esashi, Shuji Tanaka
SAW device is widely used in the various passive sensing application such as temperature, mechanical force and other various measurements. The SAW devices have relatively high the temperature dependency, thus in some applications, the multiple SAW sensors are used for the temperature compensation. In such a case, the communication between the sensor and controller is highly important. This paper describes the one channel communication with multiple SAW resonators for the measurement applications. The final target of this research is to investigate the near magnetic field wireless passive sensing capability using the continuous wave for higher response speed.
SAW器件广泛应用于各种被动传感应用,如温度、机械力等各种测量。声表面波器件具有较高的温度依赖性,因此在一些应用中,使用多个声表面波传感器进行温度补偿。在这种情况下,传感器和控制器之间的通信是非常重要的。本文介绍了一种多声表面波谐振器单通道通信的测量方法。本研究的最终目标是研究使用连续波的近磁场无线无源传感能力,以获得更高的响应速度。
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引用次数: 3
Imaging the static magnetic field distribution in a vapor cell atomic clock 在蒸汽电池原子钟中对静态磁场分布进行成像
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138785
C. Affolderbach, G. Du, T. Bandi, A. Horsley, P. Treutlein, G. Mileti
We use a Ramsey-type interaction scheme to measure spatially-resolved images of the static magnetic field (C-field) amplitude Bdc applied across the Rb cell in the physics package of a high-performance vapor-cell atomic clock. Low field variations of <; 0.5% are found across the recorded images, and Fourier analysis of the data indicates low variations of Bdc also along the direction of laser propagation. Images of the T2 relaxation time are obtained in a similar way, and show a distribution that correlates with the Bdc distribution. This indicates inhomogeneous dephasing due to C-field gradients, which also results in spatial variation of the T2 time for the clock transition.
我们使用ramsey型相互作用方案测量了应用于高性能蒸汽电池原子钟物理包中的Rb细胞上的静态磁场(c场)振幅Bdc的空间分辨图像。<;的低场变化数据的傅里叶分析表明,沿激光传播方向,Bdc的变化也很小。T2弛豫时间的图像以类似的方式得到,并显示出与Bdc分布相关的分布。这表明由于c场梯度导致的非均匀脱相,这也导致了时钟跃迁的T2时间的空间变化。
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引用次数: 0
Switchable and tunable resonators with barium strontium titanate on GaN/Sapphire substrates 在GaN/蓝宝石衬底上具有钛酸钡锶的可切换和可调谐谐振器
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138865
T. Kalkur, Milad Hmeda, A. Mansour, P. Alpay, Nick Sbockey, G. Tompa
A solidly mounted tunable barium strontium GaN/Sapphire substrate using a metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique. An acoustic Bragg reflector was first formed on the GaN/sapphire substrate consisting of alternating layers of silicon dioxide and tantalum oxide deposited using a-spin on technique. Lower and upper electrodes were fabricated using sputter deposited platinum. The resonant frequency of the resonator could be tuned from 5.17 GHz to 5.20 GHz by applying a voltage of 8 V, resulting in tunability of about 0.6%. The quality factor of the resonator was found to depend on the applied voltage, with a maximum quality factor of 216 observed for an applied bias voltage of 8 V. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) of the resonator was found to be 13.1% at 8 V.
使用金属有机溶液沉积(MOSD)技术的固体安装可调谐钡锶GaN/蓝宝石衬底。利用自旋沉积技术,在由二氧化硅和氧化钽交替层组成的氮化镓/蓝宝石衬底上首次形成了声学布拉格反射器。下电极和上电极采用溅射镀铂制备。通过施加8 V的电压,谐振器的谐振频率可从5.17 GHz调谐到5.20 GHz,可调性约为0.6%。发现谐振器的质量因数取决于施加的电压,在施加8 V的偏置电压下观察到的最大质量因数为216。谐振器的有效机电耦合系数(kt2)在8 V时为13.1%。
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引用次数: 0
SH-SAW-based sensor for heavy metal ion detection 基于sh - saw的重金属离子检测传感器
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138901
Z. Ramshani, B. B. Narakathu, A. S. G. Reddy, M. Atashbar, J. T. Wabeke, S. Obare
In this study, a shear horizontal mode surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensor, was designed and fabricated for the detection of heavy metals. The SH-SAW sensor was photolithographically fabricated by patterning gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDE) and reflectors on the surface of a 64° YX-LiNbO3 based piezoelectric substrate. A flow cell, with a reservoir volume of 3 μl, which employs inlet and outlet ports for the microfluidic chamber and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic channels, was also designed and fabricated using acrylic material. Phenol and naphtho[2,3-a]dipyrido[3,2-h:2'3'-f] phenazine-5,18-dione (QDPPZ) were employed as the sensing layers for mercury and nickel ions, respectively. The frequency based response of the SH-SAW sensor demonstrated picomolar level detection for mercury nitrate (Hg(NO3)2) and nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2).
本文设计并制作了一种用于重金属检测的剪切水平模表面声波传感器。SH-SAW传感器是通过在64°YX-LiNbO3基压电衬底表面绘制金(Au)交叉电极(IDE)和反射器来光刻制造的。以丙烯酸为材料,设计并制作了储液池体积为3 μl,微流控室入口和出口采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基础的微流控通道的流动池。采用苯酚和萘[2,3-a]二吡啶[3,2-h:2'3'-f]吩嗪-5,18-二酮(QDPPZ)分别作为汞和镍离子的感应层。SH-SAW传感器基于频率的响应显示了对硝酸汞(Hg(NO3)2)和硝酸镍(Ni(NO3)2)的皮摩尔水平检测。
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引用次数: 4
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时间频率公报
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