Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138784
Yoshinori Takizawa, T. Shibata, Shinji Kashiwada, Yasuo Yamamoto, M. Esashi, Shuji Tanaka
SAW device is widely used in the various passive sensing application such as temperature, mechanical force and other various measurements. The SAW devices have relatively high the temperature dependency, thus in some applications, the multiple SAW sensors are used for the temperature compensation. In such a case, the communication between the sensor and controller is highly important. This paper describes the one channel communication with multiple SAW resonators for the measurement applications. The final target of this research is to investigate the near magnetic field wireless passive sensing capability using the continuous wave for higher response speed.
{"title":"Multiple SAW resonance sensing through one communication channel with multiple phase detectors","authors":"Yoshinori Takizawa, T. Shibata, Shinji Kashiwada, Yasuo Yamamoto, M. Esashi, Shuji Tanaka","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138784","url":null,"abstract":"SAW device is widely used in the various passive sensing application such as temperature, mechanical force and other various measurements. The SAW devices have relatively high the temperature dependency, thus in some applications, the multiple SAW sensors are used for the temperature compensation. In such a case, the communication between the sensor and controller is highly important. This paper describes the one channel communication with multiple SAW resonators for the measurement applications. The final target of this research is to investigate the near magnetic field wireless passive sensing capability using the continuous wave for higher response speed.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"39 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85091812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138865
T. Kalkur, Milad Hmeda, A. Mansour, P. Alpay, Nick Sbockey, G. Tompa
A solidly mounted tunable barium strontium GaN/Sapphire substrate using a metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique. An acoustic Bragg reflector was first formed on the GaN/sapphire substrate consisting of alternating layers of silicon dioxide and tantalum oxide deposited using a-spin on technique. Lower and upper electrodes were fabricated using sputter deposited platinum. The resonant frequency of the resonator could be tuned from 5.17 GHz to 5.20 GHz by applying a voltage of 8 V, resulting in tunability of about 0.6%. The quality factor of the resonator was found to depend on the applied voltage, with a maximum quality factor of 216 observed for an applied bias voltage of 8 V. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) of the resonator was found to be 13.1% at 8 V.
{"title":"Switchable and tunable resonators with barium strontium titanate on GaN/Sapphire substrates","authors":"T. Kalkur, Milad Hmeda, A. Mansour, P. Alpay, Nick Sbockey, G. Tompa","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138865","url":null,"abstract":"A solidly mounted tunable barium strontium GaN/Sapphire substrate using a metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique. An acoustic Bragg reflector was first formed on the GaN/sapphire substrate consisting of alternating layers of silicon dioxide and tantalum oxide deposited using a-spin on technique. Lower and upper electrodes were fabricated using sputter deposited platinum. The resonant frequency of the resonator could be tuned from 5.17 GHz to 5.20 GHz by applying a voltage of 8 V, resulting in tunability of about 0.6%. The quality factor of the resonator was found to depend on the applied voltage, with a maximum quality factor of 216 observed for an applied bias voltage of 8 V. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) of the resonator was found to be 13.1% at 8 V.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"44 1","pages":"392-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84424988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138893
V. Kalinin
Statistical simulation is used to evaluate performance of four different frequency estimators for interrogation of resonant wireless SAW sensors. The first one is based on DFT and quadratic interpolation, the second one employs a weighted least-squares estimate of the phase difference between signal samples. The third and the fourth methods use singular value decomposition and apply a weighted linear predictor in the case of constant sine wave amplitude and an iterative least squares method in the case of decaying sine wave. Numerical receiver model includes additive and phase noises, SAW response limiting, non-linear phase distortions and parasitic SAW responses. Experimental results are also obtained for all the four frequency estimators.
{"title":"Comparison of frequency estimators for interrogation of wireless resonant SAW sensors","authors":"V. Kalinin","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138893","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical simulation is used to evaluate performance of four different frequency estimators for interrogation of resonant wireless SAW sensors. The first one is based on DFT and quadratic interpolation, the second one employs a weighted least-squares estimate of the phase difference between signal samples. The third and the fourth methods use singular value decomposition and apply a weighted linear predictor in the case of constant sine wave amplitude and an iterative least squares method in the case of decaying sine wave. Numerical receiver model includes additive and phase noises, SAW response limiting, non-linear phase distortions and parasitic SAW responses. Experimental results are also obtained for all the four frequency estimators.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"12 1","pages":"498-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85036790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138963
I. Procházka, J. Blažej, J. Kodet
Laser time transfer is and attractive technique to transfer time ground to space with picosecond precision and systematic errors on the level of tens of picoseconds. Recently the European Laser Timing experiment is under construction in the frame of the European Space Agency mission Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. The objective of this laser time transfer is synchronization of the ground based clocks and the clock on board the International Space Station with picosecond precision and the accuracy better than 50 picoseconds We are reporting on a progress in identification and calibration of the biases associated to both ground and space segment. To characterize the delays of a ground segment the Calibration Device has been developed and tested. It enables to calibrate the ground based laser systems for their systematic timing biases. As a result the ground to ground time transfer in an ELT experiment should be accomplished with systematic errors not higher than 25 picoseconds. To determine the delays of a space segment the new calibration procedure has been designed and tested as well. The calibration test results will be presented.
{"title":"Identification and calibration of ground system biases in ground to space laser time transfer","authors":"I. Procházka, J. Blažej, J. Kodet","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138963","url":null,"abstract":"Laser time transfer is and attractive technique to transfer time ground to space with picosecond precision and systematic errors on the level of tens of picoseconds. Recently the European Laser Timing experiment is under construction in the frame of the European Space Agency mission Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. The objective of this laser time transfer is synchronization of the ground based clocks and the clock on board the International Space Station with picosecond precision and the accuracy better than 50 picoseconds We are reporting on a progress in identification and calibration of the biases associated to both ground and space segment. To characterize the delays of a ground segment the Calibration Device has been developed and tested. It enables to calibrate the ground based laser systems for their systematic timing biases. As a result the ground to ground time transfer in an ELT experiment should be accomplished with systematic errors not higher than 25 picoseconds. To determine the delays of a space segment the new calibration procedure has been designed and tested as well. The calibration test results will be presented.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"17 1","pages":"804-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86131407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138926
Droz Fabien, R. Pascal, Boillat Sebastien, S. Batiste
This paper describes the achieved results of a new space Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (named Robust-RAFS) through the description of the internal coefficients influence reduction and the positive consequences in term of clock frequency stability and predictability improvements. Performances achievements during uninterrupted operation of several months demonstrate a monotonic behavior, a stability of 1×10-14 @105 sec. and a drift per day of few 10-14.
{"title":"GNSS RAFS latest improvements","authors":"Droz Fabien, R. Pascal, Boillat Sebastien, S. Batiste","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138926","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the achieved results of a new space Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (named Robust-RAFS) through the description of the internal coefficients influence reduction and the positive consequences in term of clock frequency stability and predictability improvements. Performances achievements during uninterrupted operation of several months demonstrate a monotonic behavior, a stability of 1×10-14 @105 sec. and a drift per day of few 10-14.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"16 8 1","pages":"637-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82931743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138808
A. Kosykh, K. V. Murasov, A. Lepetaev, S. Zavyalov
In the article the realization of the new circuit of differential VCO without varactors in 250 nm CMOS technology has been described. The tuning of VCO is realized as a circuit changing load of oscillator. The control curve for differential VCO without varactors is presented. The results of comparing of phase noise for circuits differential oscillators based on N-channel and P-channel transistors has been described.
{"title":"A 250nm CMOS low phase noise differential VCO circuit without varactors","authors":"A. Kosykh, K. V. Murasov, A. Lepetaev, S. Zavyalov","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138808","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the realization of the new circuit of differential VCO without varactors in 250 nm CMOS technology has been described. The tuning of VCO is realized as a circuit changing load of oscillator. The control curve for differential VCO without varactors is presented. The results of comparing of phase noise for circuits differential oscillators based on N-channel and P-channel transistors has been described.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"215 1","pages":"136-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79592751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138858
B. R. Christensen, S. A. Schaffer, M. R. Henriksen, P. Westergaard, Jun Ye, J. Thomsen
The development of simple and reliable high stability clock lasers is of great importance for future state-of-the-art optical clocks [1]-[5] and for future transportable optical clocks [6], [7]. Further development of clock lasers with better stability has so far been hindered by thermal noise in the reference cavity used for laser stabilization and conventional approaches for improvements may be technically challenging. It has been proposed [8]-[11] to improve the stability and reduce the complexity of state-of-the-art laser frequency stabilization by exploiting cavity QED systems consisting of atoms with a narrow optical transition coupled to a single mode of an optical cavity. The laser stabilization performance of a cavity QED system is affected by a number of system parameters such as the finite temperature of the atoms, the number of involved atoms and the laser power [12]-[14]. However, the dynamics of those elements have not yet been fully explored. Here we present a simple cavity QED system consisting of laser cooled strontium-88 atoms coupled to an optical cavity. We relate measurable quantities to the complex transmission coefficient which relates the input field to the output field. The optimal input power for stabilizing a laser to this system is experimentally determined and the optimal shot-noise-limited linewidth of the system is evaluated to 500 mHz. Furthermore, theoretical shot-noise-limited linewidths of similar cavity QED systems are evaluated for a number of different two electron systems.
{"title":"Laser stabilization on velocity dependent nonlinear dispersion of Sr atoms in an optical cavity","authors":"B. R. Christensen, S. A. Schaffer, M. R. Henriksen, P. Westergaard, Jun Ye, J. Thomsen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138858","url":null,"abstract":"The development of simple and reliable high stability clock lasers is of great importance for future state-of-the-art optical clocks [1]-[5] and for future transportable optical clocks [6], [7]. Further development of clock lasers with better stability has so far been hindered by thermal noise in the reference cavity used for laser stabilization and conventional approaches for improvements may be technically challenging. It has been proposed [8]-[11] to improve the stability and reduce the complexity of state-of-the-art laser frequency stabilization by exploiting cavity QED systems consisting of atoms with a narrow optical transition coupled to a single mode of an optical cavity. The laser stabilization performance of a cavity QED system is affected by a number of system parameters such as the finite temperature of the atoms, the number of involved atoms and the laser power [12]-[14]. However, the dynamics of those elements have not yet been fully explored. Here we present a simple cavity QED system consisting of laser cooled strontium-88 atoms coupled to an optical cavity. We relate measurable quantities to the complex transmission coefficient which relates the input field to the output field. The optimal input power for stabilizing a laser to this system is experimentally determined and the optimal shot-noise-limited linewidth of the system is evaluated to 500 mHz. Furthermore, theoretical shot-noise-limited linewidths of similar cavity QED systems are evaluated for a number of different two electron systems.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"23 1","pages":"357-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80632608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138891
F. Fang, Weiliang Chen, Kun Liu, Nianfeng Liu, R. Suo, Tian-chu Li
We report the design of a new cesium fountain clock NIM6, which is under construction in NIM. Besides some improvements on the vacuum system, Ramsey cavity and microwave synthesizer to reduce the Type B uncertainty. Another major improvement on NIM6 is to collect more atoms from a MOT loading optical molasses and optical pumping to get a better signal to noise ratio at the detection. The atom distribution will be more uniform compared with a 2D MOT loading optical molasses, and the diameter of the cloud can be adjusted by the intensity and detuning of lights during the post cooling to keep the collisional-induced frequency shift low. The atom numbers can be further increased by a new de-pumping - optical pumping procedure to pump atoms to the |F=3, mF=0> clock state directly. With a new cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) based frequency synthesizer, NIM6 is aiming to reach the quantum projection noise, thus leading to a reduced Type A uncertainty compared with NIM5.
{"title":"Design of the new NIM6 fountain with collecting atoms from a 3D MOT loading optical molasses","authors":"F. Fang, Weiliang Chen, Kun Liu, Nianfeng Liu, R. Suo, Tian-chu Li","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138891","url":null,"abstract":"We report the design of a new cesium fountain clock NIM6, which is under construction in NIM. Besides some improvements on the vacuum system, Ramsey cavity and microwave synthesizer to reduce the Type B uncertainty. Another major improvement on NIM6 is to collect more atoms from a MOT loading optical molasses and optical pumping to get a better signal to noise ratio at the detection. The atom distribution will be more uniform compared with a 2D MOT loading optical molasses, and the diameter of the cloud can be adjusted by the intensity and detuning of lights during the post cooling to keep the collisional-induced frequency shift low. The atom numbers can be further increased by a new de-pumping - optical pumping procedure to pump atoms to the |F=3, mF=0> clock state directly. With a new cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) based frequency synthesizer, NIM6 is aiming to reach the quantum projection noise, thus leading to a reduced Type A uncertainty compared with NIM5.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"52 1","pages":"492-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84993459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-12DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138785
C. Affolderbach, G. Du, T. Bandi, A. Horsley, P. Treutlein, G. Mileti
We use a Ramsey-type interaction scheme to measure spatially-resolved images of the static magnetic field (C-field) amplitude Bdc applied across the Rb cell in the physics package of a high-performance vapor-cell atomic clock. Low field variations of <; 0.5% are found across the recorded images, and Fourier analysis of the data indicates low variations of Bdc also along the direction of laser propagation. Images of the T2 relaxation time are obtained in a similar way, and show a distribution that correlates with the Bdc distribution. This indicates inhomogeneous dephasing due to C-field gradients, which also results in spatial variation of the T2 time for the clock transition.
{"title":"Imaging the static magnetic field distribution in a vapor cell atomic clock","authors":"C. Affolderbach, G. Du, T. Bandi, A. Horsley, P. Treutlein, G. Mileti","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138785","url":null,"abstract":"We use a Ramsey-type interaction scheme to measure spatially-resolved images of the static magnetic field (C-field) amplitude Bdc applied across the Rb cell in the physics package of a high-performance vapor-cell atomic clock. Low field variations of <; 0.5% are found across the recorded images, and Fourier analysis of the data indicates low variations of Bdc also along the direction of laser propagation. Images of the T2 relaxation time are obtained in a similar way, and show a distribution that correlates with the Bdc distribution. This indicates inhomogeneous dephasing due to C-field gradients, which also results in spatial variation of the T2 time for the clock transition.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"40 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87247605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The capability of one-way time service as an important index of satellite navigation system reflects the ability that a satellite navigation system broadcasts the system time to the clients. In this paper, the performance evaluation method of BD one-way time service is designed standing in the clients' position. The UTC(NTSC)-BDT result via Space signal reception method is obtained in NTSC, the performance of BDT is evaluated reference to UTC (NTSC). The results of BD CV is chose as the reference to evaluate the precision of BD one-way time service. Calculating the root mean square error of residual, The uncertainty of one-way time service is 3.01 ns, the result shows that the precision of BD one-way time service have higher level.
{"title":"The performance evaluation of the BD one-way time service","authors":"Wei Li, Jihai Zhang, Wei Guang, Yongliang Xu, Zhe Gao, Yajing Wei","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138831","url":null,"abstract":"The capability of one-way time service as an important index of satellite navigation system reflects the ability that a satellite navigation system broadcasts the system time to the clients. In this paper, the performance evaluation method of BD one-way time service is designed standing in the clients' position. The UTC(NTSC)-BDT result via Space signal reception method is obtained in NTSC, the performance of BDT is evaluated reference to UTC (NTSC). The results of BD CV is chose as the reference to evaluate the precision of BD one-way time service. Calculating the root mean square error of residual, The uncertainty of one-way time service is 3.01 ns, the result shows that the precision of BD one-way time service have higher level.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":"81 1","pages":"236-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90579553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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