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Impact of solar radiation on chemical structure and micromechanical properties of cellulose-based humidity-sensing material Cottonid 太阳辐射对纤维素基湿感材料棉的化学结构和微力学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-021-00022-4
R. Scholz, M. Langhansl, M. Hemmerich, J. Meyer, C. Zollfrank, F. Walther

Renewable and environmentally responsive materials are an energy- and resource-efficient approach in terms of civil engineering applications, e.g. as so-called smart building skins. To evaluate the influence of different environmental stimuli, like humidity or solar radiation, on the long-term actuation behavior and mechanical robustness of these materials, it is necessary to precisely characterize the magnitude and range of stimuli that trigger reactions and the resulting kinetics of a material, respectively, with suitable testing equipment and techniques. The overall aim is to correlate actuation potential and mechanical properties with process- or application-oriented parameters in terms of demand-oriented stimuli-responsive element production. In this study, the impact of solar radiation as environmental trigger on the cellulose-based humidity-sensing material Cottonid, which is a promising candidate for adaptive and autonomously moving elements, was investigated. For simulating solar radiation in the lab, specimens were exposed to short-wavelength blue light as well as a standardized artificial solar irradiation (CIE Solar ID65) in long-term aging experiments. Photodegradation behavior was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements to assess changes in Cottonid’s chemical composition. Subsequently, changes in micromechanical properties on the respective specimens’ surface were investigated with roughness measurements and ultra-micro-hardness tests to characterize variations in stiffness distribution in comparison to the initial condition. Also, thermal effects during long-term aging were considered and contrasted to pure radiative effects. In addition, to investigate the influence of process-related parameters on Cottonid’s humidity-driven deformation behavior, actuation tests were performed in an alternating climate chamber using a customized specimen holder, instrumented with digital image correlation (DIC). DIC was used for precise actuation strain measurements to comparatively evaluate different influences on the material’s sorption behavior. The infrared absorbance spectra of different aging states of irradiated Cottonid indicate oxidative stress on the surface compared to unaged samples. These findings differ under pure thermal loads. EPR spectra could corroborate these findings as radicals were detected, which were attributed to oxidation processes. Instrumented actuation experiments revealed the influence of processing-related parameters on the sorption behavior of the tested and structurally optimized Cottonid variant. Experimental data supports the definition of an optimal process window for stimuli-responsive element production. Based on these results, tailor-made functional materials shall be generated in the future where stimuli-responsiveness can be adjusted through the manufacturing process.

就土木工程应用而言,可再生和环保材料是一种节约能源和资源的方法,例如所谓的智能建筑表皮。为了评估不同环境刺激(如湿度或太阳辐射)对这些材料的长期驱动行为和机械稳稳性的影响,有必要使用合适的测试设备和技术,分别精确表征触发反应的刺激的幅度和范围以及材料的最终动力学。总体目标是在需求导向的刺激响应元件生产方面,将驱动潜力和机械性能与工艺或应用导向参数联系起来。在这项研究中,研究了太阳辐射作为环境触发因素对纤维素为基础的湿度传感材料Cottonid的影响,Cottonid是一种有希望的自适应和自主移动元件的候选材料。为了在实验室模拟太阳辐射,在长期老化实验中,将样品暴露在短波蓝光和标准化的人工太阳辐射(CIE solar ID65)下。通过傅里叶变换红外和电子顺磁共振光谱测量分析了棉花的光降解行为,以评估其化学成分的变化。随后,通过粗糙度测量和超显微硬度测试,研究了不同试样表面微观力学性能的变化,以表征与初始条件相比刚度分布的变化。此外,考虑了长期老化过程中的热效应,并与纯辐射效应进行了对比。此外,为了研究工艺相关参数对棉球湿度驱动变形行为的影响,在交替气候室中使用带有数字图像相关(DIC)仪器的定制标本架进行了驱动测试。DIC用于精确的驱动应变测量,以比较评估不同因素对材料吸附行为的影响。不同老化状态下的红外吸收光谱表明,与未老化样品相比,棉球表面存在氧化应激。这些结果在纯热负荷下有所不同。EPR光谱可以证实这些发现,因为检测到自由基,这归因于氧化过程。仪器驱动实验揭示了加工相关参数对测试和结构优化的棉球变体吸附行为的影响。实验数据支持对刺激响应元件生产的最佳工艺窗口的定义。基于这些结果,未来将产生定制的功能材料,通过制造过程可以调整刺激反应性。
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引用次数: 2
3D printing of graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for biomedical applications 用于生物医学应用的石墨烯基聚合物纳米复合材料的3D打印
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-021-00020-6
Magda Silva, Isabel S. Pinho, José A. Covas, Natália M. Alves, Maria C. Paiva

Additive manufacturing techniques established a new paradigm in the manufacture of composite materials providing a simple solution to build complex, custom designed shapes. In the biomedical field, 3D printing enabled the production of scaffolds with patient-specific requirements, controlling product architecture and microstructure, and have been proposed to regenerate a variety of tissues such as bone, cartilage, or the nervous system. Polymers reinforced with graphene or graphene derivatives have demonstrated potential interest for applications that require electrical and mechanical properties as well as enhanced cell response, presenting increasing interest for applications in the biomedical field. The present review focuses on graphene-based polymer nanocomposites developed for additive manufacturing fabrication, provides an overview of the manufacturing techniques available to reach the different biomedical applications, and summarizes relevant results obtained with 3D printed graphene/polymer scaffolds and biosensors.

增材制造技术在复合材料制造中建立了一个新的范例,为构建复杂的定制设计形状提供了简单的解决方案。在生物医学领域,3D打印能够根据患者的具体需求生产支架,控制产品的结构和微观结构,并被提议用于再生各种组织,如骨、软骨或神经系统。用石墨烯或石墨烯衍生物增强的聚合物在需要电气和机械性能以及增强细胞反应的应用中表现出潜在的兴趣,在生物医学领域的应用越来越受到关注。本文重点介绍了用于增材制造的石墨烯基聚合物纳米复合材料,概述了可用于不同生物医学应用的制造技术,并总结了3D打印石墨烯/聚合物支架和生物传感器的相关结果。
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引用次数: 21
The impact of molded pulp product process on the mechanical properties of molded Bleached Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulp 纸浆模塑制品工艺对漂白化学-热-机械模塑纸浆力学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-021-00023-3
Claire Dislaire, Yves Grohens, Bastien Seantier, Marion Muzy

This study was carried out using bleached softwood Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulp to evaluate the influence of Molded Pulp Products’ manufacturing process parameters on the finished products’ mechanical and hygroscopic properties. A Taguchi table was done to make 8 tests with specific process parameters such as moulds temperature, pulping time, drying time, and pressing time. The results of these tests were used to obtain an optimized manufacturing process with improved mechanical properties and a lower water uptake after sorption analysis and water immersion. The optimized process parameters allowed us to improve the Young’ Modulus after 30h immersion of 58% and a water uptake reduction of 78% with the first 8 tests done.

本研究以漂白后的软木化学-热-机械纸浆为材料,考察了制模纸浆产品的工艺参数对制模纸浆产品机械性能和吸湿性能的影响。采用田口表对模具温度、制浆时间、干燥时间、压榨时间等特定工艺参数进行了8次试验。通过吸附分析和浸水,获得了力学性能提高、吸水率降低的优化制造工艺。优化后的工艺参数使我们能够在浸泡30小时后将杨氏模量提高58%,并在完成前8次测试后将吸水性降低78%。
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引用次数: 6
Ultrasonic welding of magnetic hybrid material systems –316L stainless steel to Ni/Cu/Ni-coated Nd2Fe14B magnets 磁性杂化材料系统-316L不锈钢与Ni/Cu/Ni涂层Nd2Fe14B磁体的超声波焊接
Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-021-00017-1
Moritz Liesegang, Tilmann Beck

The performance of electric sensors is continuously improving due to the demands of modern vehicles and electronic devices. Magnetic sensors are used in a wide field of applications. However, handling and mounting the typical high-performance rare earth permanent magnets are challenging due to their brittleness. A constant magnetic flux is a key property of the magnetic setup in many devices. State-of-the-art adhesive bonding of magnets in devices can cause problems due to the low durability and viscous behaviour of adhesive polymers, as the magnet may change its position and hence, the magnetic flux distribution in the magnetic setup changes.

Ultrasonic welding is a powerful technique to join hybrid material systems quickly and reliably, providing high joint strength, even for brittle materials such as glasses, ceramics and rare earth permanent magnets. The latter is being investigated in this work for the first time. The ultrasonic welding process was adapted to join 316L stainless steel, representing potential components of magnetic devices, to Ni/Cu/Ni-coated Nd2Fe14B. In addition to directly joined steel/magnet-hybrids, ductile aluminium and nickel interlayers were used in order to enhance the joint strength.

Process parameters were developed and evaluated considering the resulting shear strength of the joints. The highest shear strength of 35?MPa was achieved for 316L/Nd2Fe14B and 316L/Al/Nd2Fe14B, which is more than twice the shear strength of adhesively bonded joints of up to 20?MPa, according to the literature. The functional performance of the hybrid material systems, evaluated by the magnetic flux density of the hybrid material systems was the highest for directly bonded joints, and those with a nickel interlayer, which did not show any losses in comparison to the single magnet in its initial state. Joints with an aluminium interlayer showed losses of 3% and adhesively bonded joints showed losses of 7% of the magnetic flux density.

In summary, the results of this work indicate that ultrasonic welding is a suitable technique to improve the production process and performance of magnetic devices.

由于现代汽车和电子设备的需求,电子传感器的性能不断提高。磁传感器有着广泛的应用领域。然而,典型的高性能稀土永磁体由于其脆性,处理和安装是具有挑战性的。在许多装置中,恒定的磁通是磁性装置的一个关键特性。最先进的设备中磁铁的粘合剂粘合可能会引起问题,因为粘合剂聚合物的耐久性低和粘性行为,因为磁铁可能会改变其位置,因此,磁性设置中的磁通量分布会发生变化。超声波焊接是一种强大的技术,可以快速、可靠地连接混合材料系统,即使是脆性材料,如玻璃、陶瓷和稀土永磁体,也能提供高的连接强度。后者是本研究首次对其进行研究。采用超声焊接工艺将代表磁性器件潜在元件的316L不锈钢与Ni/Cu/Ni涂层的Nd2Fe14B焊接在一起。除了直接连接钢/磁体外,还使用了韧性铝和镍夹层来提高连接强度。考虑接头的抗剪强度,制定并评估了工艺参数。最高抗剪强度为35?316L/Nd2Fe14B和316L/Al/Nd2Fe14B的抗剪强度达到了MPa,是20?MPa,根据文献。混合材料系统的功能性能,由磁通密度评估的混合材料系统是最高的直接结合接头,而那些有镍中间层,没有显示出任何损失相比,在其初始状态的单磁体。带有铝中间层的接头的磁通密度损失为3%,粘接接头的磁通密度损失为7%。综上所述,本工作的结果表明,超声焊接是一种改善磁性器件生产工艺和性能的合适技术。
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引用次数: 6
Multi-material braids for multifunctional laminates: conductive through-thickness reinforcement 用于多功能层压板的多材料编织:导电通厚增强
Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-021-00018-0
Caroline O’Keeffe, Laura Rhian Pickard, Juan Cao, Giuliano Allegri, Ivana K. Partridge, Dmitry S. Ivanov

Conventional carbon fibre laminates are known to be moderately electrically conductive in-plane, but have a poor through-thickness conductivity. This poses a problem for functionality aspects that are of increasing importance to industry, such as sensing, current collection, inductive/resistive heating, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, etc. This restriction is of course more pronounced for non-conductive composite reinforcements such as glass, organic or natural fibres. Among various solutions to boost through-thickness electrical conductivity, tufting with hybrid micro-braided metal-carbon fibre yarns is one of the most promising. As a well-characterised method of through thickness reinforcement, tufting is easily implementable in a manufacturing environment. The hybridisation of materials in the braid promotes the resilience and integrity of yarns, while integrating metal wires opens up a wide range of multifunctional applications. Many configurations can be produced by varying braid patterns and the constituting yarns/wires. A predictive design tool is therefore necessary to select the right material configuration for the desired functional and structural performance. This paper suggests a fast and robust method for generating finite-element models of the braids, validates the prediction of micro-architecture and electrical conductivity, and demonstrates successful manufacturing of composites enhanced with braided tufts.

众所周知,传统的碳纤维层压板在平面内具有中等导电性,但具有较差的通厚导电性。这对工业中越来越重要的功能方面提出了一个问题,例如传感,电流收集,电感/电阻加热,电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽等。对于非导电复合材料增强材料,如玻璃、有机或天然纤维,这种限制当然更为明显。在提高导电率的各种解决方案中,用混合微编织金属-碳纤维纱线进行簇织是最有前途的解决方案之一。作为一种特性良好的全厚度补强方法,簇植很容易在制造环境中实现。编织中材料的杂交促进了纱线的弹性和完整性,同时集成金属丝开辟了广泛的多功能应用。通过不同的编织模式和构成纱线/钢丝可以产生多种结构。因此,预测设计工具对于选择适合所需功能和结构性能的正确材料配置是必要的。本文提出了一种快速、鲁棒的编织有限元模型生成方法,验证了编织簇的微结构和电导率预测,并演示了编织簇增强复合材料的成功制造。
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引用次数: 2
Fabrication of 3D-printed hygromorphs based on different cellulosic fillers 基于不同纤维素填料的3d打印湿形态的制备
Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-020-00014-w
Matthias Langhansl, Jörg Dörrstein, Peter Hornberger, Cordt Zollfrank

The aim of this work is to characterize the moisture-dependent actuation behavior of bioinspired and additively manufactured hygromorphs based by following deductive and inductive design approaches. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is employed to print bilayered structures consisting of swellable active layers and rigid passive layers. The active layer is composed of a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix filled with different hygroscopic cellulosic materials (native and modified) up to a filler content of 50?m%. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is used for the passive layer. The FFF process allows the generation of desired differential swelling properties in the composites upon moisture absorption. The moisture dependent actuation strain of the printed bilayers was determined by video analyses. Some influencing geometrical factors which contribute to the actuation were deduced from x-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro computed tomography (μCT). The investigation of the mean cellulose microfibril orientation on the surface of the active layer suggested a preferential orientation with respect to printing direction. Furthermore, a gradient of cellulosic material within a single printed layer was observed, which indicates fiber sedimentation. Comparison with the thermomechanical model derived from Timoshenko (1925) shows that the computational prediction of the moisture dependent actuation is considerably accurate for most selected cellulosic materials and filler contents.

这项工作的目的是通过以下演绎和归纳设计方法来表征生物启发和增材制造的湿形态的水分依赖驱动行为。采用熔丝制造技术(FFF)打印由可膨胀的主动层和刚性的被动层组成的双层结构。活性层由聚乳酸(PLA)基质组成,填充不同的吸湿性纤维素材料(天然的和改性的),填料含量高达50 μ m%。钝化层采用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)。FFF工艺允许复合材料在吸湿后产生所需的不同膨胀特性。通过视频分析确定了打印双层膜的水分相关驱动应变。通过x射线衍射仪(XRD)和微计算机断层扫描仪(μCT)分析,推导了影响驱动的几何因素。对活性层表面纤维素微纤维平均取向的研究表明,相对于打印方向,纤维素微纤维具有优先取向。此外,在单个印刷层内观察到纤维素材料的梯度,这表明纤维沉积。与Timoshenko(1925)导出的热力学模型的比较表明,对于大多数选定的纤维素材料和填料含量,水分依赖驱动的计算预测相当准确。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of tungsten disulfide nanotubes on crystallization of polylactide under uniaxial deformation and annealing 二硫化钨纳米管对聚丙交酯单轴变形和退火结晶的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-021-00016-2
Fausta Loffredo, Loredana Tammaro, Tiziana Di Luccio, Carmela Borriello, Fulvia Villani, Saverio De Vito, Karthik Ramachandran, Julia A. Kornfield

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes (NTs) are examined here as a filler for polylactide (PLA) for their ability to accelerate PLA crystallization and for their promising biocompatibility in relevant to biomedical applications of PLA-WS2 nanocomposites. In this work, we have studied the structural and thermal properties of PLA-WS2 nanocomposite films varying the concentration of WS2 NTs from 0 (neat PLA) to 0.6?wt%. The films were uniaxially drawn at 90?°C and annealed at the same temperature for 3 and 10?min. Using wide angle x-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, we probed the effects of WS2 NT addition on the structure of the PLA films at various stages of processing (unstretched, stretching, annealing). We found that 0.6?wt% of WS2 induces the same level of crystallinity in as stretched PLA-WS2 as annealing in neat PLA for 10?min. These data provide useful insights into the role of WS2 NTs on the structural evolution of PLA-WS2 composites under uniaxial deformation, and extend their applicability to situations where fine tuning of PLA crystallinity is desirable.

本文研究了二硫化钨(WS2)纳米管(NTs)作为聚乳酸(PLA)的填料,因为它们具有加速PLA结晶的能力,并且在PLA-WS2纳米复合材料的生物医学应用中具有良好的生物相容性。在这项工作中,我们研究了WS2纳米nt浓度从0(纯PLA)到0.6?wt%变化时PLA-WS2纳米复合膜的结构和热性能。这些影片以90度角单向绘制。在相同的温度下退火3分钟和10分钟。利用广角x射线散射、拉曼光谱和差示扫描量热法,我们探讨了WS2 NT添加对PLA薄膜在不同加工阶段(未拉伸、拉伸、退火)结构的影响。我们发现0.6?wt%的WS2在拉伸PLA-WS2中诱导的结晶度与在纯PLA中退火10min的结晶度相同。这些数据为了解WS2纳米管在单轴变形下对PLA-WS2复合材料结构演变的作用提供了有用的见解,并扩展了它们在需要微调PLA结晶度的情况下的适用性。
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引用次数: 7
Capacitance measurements on integrated conductors for detection of matrix cracks in GFRP 玻璃钢基体裂纹检测的集成导体电容测量
Pub Date : 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-020-00013-x
Christina Buggisch, Abedin Gagani, Bodo Fiedler

For the reliable and cost-efficient application of glass fibre polymer composites in structural applications, knowledge of the damage state of the material during operation is necessary. Within this work, a structural health monitoring method based on in-situ electrical capacitance measurements is presented, which enables damage monitoring in glass fibre reinforced polymers. For this purpose, individual glass fibre rovings in a non-crimp fabric were replaced by carbon fibre rovings at regular intervals. Additionally, specimens with solid or stranded copper conductors were manufactured to gain insights into the influences of conductor material and composition. The modified fabrics were implemented as 90° layers of [0/904]s glass fibre polymer cross-ply laminates. To monitor the progressive damage, conductive rovings were contacted, forming the capacitor walls of interleaved capacitors. Carbon fibre conductors show higher sensitivity of the capacitance to crack formation than solid or stranded copper conductors. Capacitance decrease measured in-situ during tensile tests on specimens with carbon fibre conductors shows a high correlation with crack initiation, further crack formation and speed of crack evolution. An analytical model can describe the correlation based on the assumptions of an ideal plate capacitor. Thus, the structural health monitoring method developed in this work can reveal in-situ knowledge of the material damage state.

为了使玻璃纤维聚合物复合材料在结构应用中得到可靠和经济的应用,了解材料在运行过程中的损坏状态是必要的。在这项工作中,提出了一种基于原位电容测量的结构健康监测方法,使玻璃纤维增强聚合物的损伤监测成为可能。为此,每隔一段时间用碳纤维粗纱代替不卷曲织物中的单个玻璃纤维粗纱。此外,制作了固体或绞合铜导体的样品,以深入了解导体材料和成分的影响。将改性织物制成90°的[0/904]s玻璃纤维聚合物交叉层合板。为了监测损伤的进展,导电粗纱被接触,形成交错电容器的电容器壁。碳纤维导体的电容对裂纹形成的敏感性高于固体或绞合铜导体。碳纤维导体试样的原位拉伸试验结果表明,电容衰减与裂纹萌生、裂纹进一步形成和裂纹演化速度密切相关。基于理想板型电容器的假设,可以用解析模型来描述这种相关性。因此,本研究开发的结构健康监测方法可以揭示材料损伤状态的现场知识。
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引用次数: 7
A graphene film interlayer for enhanced electrical conductivity in a carbon-fibre/PEEK composite 碳纤维/PEEK复合材料中用于增强电导率的石墨烯薄膜中间层
Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-020-00015-9
Christopher Leow, Peter B. Kreider, Christian Notthoff, Patrick Kluth, Antonio Tricoli, Paul Compston

Carbon-fibre reinforced composites are seeing increased deployment, especially in the aerospace industry, and the next-generation of these materials will need to meet demanding performance requirements beyond just specific strength. The incorporation of nanomaterials such as graphene into composites has great potential for enhancing electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, which could then enable new capabilities such as built-in lightning strike protection and electromagnetic shielding. One major challenge is successful integration of nanomaterials into the composite during the manufacturing process especially for thermoplastic based composites. This work explores the spray deposition of exfoliated graphene in liquid suspensions for the nano-enhancement of electrical properties in carbon-fibre reinforced polyether ether keytone (PEEK) composites. Developed thin films were smooth with RMS roughness of 1.06?μm on Si substrates and RMS roughness of 1.27?μm on CF-PEEK tapes. The addition of 1.3?wt% graphene into the interlayers of CF-PEEK composites resulted in bulk electrical conductivity enhancement both in plane and through thickness of ~?1100% and 67.5% respectively. This approach allows for pre-consolidation introduction of high-performance nanomaterials directly to thermoplastic prepregs which could open simple pathways for the in-situ manufacturing of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer nanocomposites.

碳纤维增强复合材料的应用越来越多,特别是在航空航天工业中,下一代材料不仅需要满足特定强度的要求,还需要满足苛刻的性能要求。将石墨烯等纳米材料掺入复合材料中,在增强电学、热学和机械性能方面具有巨大的潜力,从而可以实现内置雷击保护和电磁屏蔽等新功能。一个主要的挑战是在制造过程中成功地将纳米材料集成到复合材料中,特别是热塑性复合材料。本研究探讨了在液体悬浮液中喷雾沉积脱落的石墨烯,以纳米增强碳纤维增强聚醚醚键酮(PEEK)复合材料的电性能。制备的薄膜表面光滑,RMS粗糙度为1.06?μm在Si衬底上,RMS粗糙度为1.27?μm的CF-PEEK胶带。1.3的加入?在CF-PEEK复合材料的中间层中加入wt%的石墨烯,在~?分别为1100%和67.5%。这种方法允许将高性能纳米材料直接引入热塑性预浸料中,从而为原位制造碳纤维增强聚合物纳米复合材料开辟了简单的途径。
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引用次数: 14
Heparinized chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds stimulate angiogenesis 肝素化壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石支架刺激血管生成
Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.1186/s42252-020-00012-y
Griselda V. Nájera-Romero, Muhammad Yar, Ihtesham Ur Rehman

Formation of blood vessels during bone regeneration represents a major challenge for tissue engineered constructs. Poor revascularization can lead to scaffold failure and consequently, leads to non-healing fracture. Heparin is known to bind with angiogenic growth factors influencing the process of new blood vessels formation. There are several problems associated with the use of growth factors in clinic such as low stability, uncontrolled delivery to the site, and high price. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of heparin to produce pro-angiogenic bone regeneration materials. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite freeze-gelled scaffolds were prepared and loaded with heparin. Different concentrations of heparin were successfully loaded onto the scaffolds, its release from the scaffold was analysed by toluidine blue assay and their angiogenic effect was evaluated by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to determine the optimal concentration of heparin to induce a proangiogenic effect. It was noted that low heparin concentrations exhibited a positive effect, with approximately 28?μg per scaffold indicating a significant increment in blood vessels. The synthesized materials showed no cytotoxic effects when evaluated by using U2OS cell line.

骨再生过程中血管的形成是组织工程构建的主要挑战。血运重建不良可导致支架失效,从而导致无法愈合的骨折。已知肝素与血管生成生长因子结合,影响新血管形成过程。生长因子在临床应用中存在稳定性低、不可控的给药、价格高等问题。本研究的目的是探索肝素在促血管生成骨再生材料中的潜力。制备了壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石冷冻凝胶支架,并负载肝素。将不同浓度的肝素成功加载到支架上,用甲苯胺蓝法分析其在支架上的释放量,用绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)法评价其血管生成效果,以确定肝素诱导血管生成的最佳浓度。值得注意的是,低肝素浓度表现出积极的作用,约为28?μg /每个支架表明血管显著增加。经U2OS细胞株检测,合成材料无细胞毒作用。
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引用次数: 9
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Functional Composite Materials
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