A novel strategy for C-P bond formation has been developed. The reaction employed aromatic carboxylic acids as the source of aromatic groups to couple with three types of P(O)-H(2) compounds without the need to isolate intermediates, thereby achieving a one-pot construction of carbon-phosphorus bonds. The protocol demonstrated excellent applicability and functional group tolerance, enabling the production of Ar-P(O)R2 and Ar2-PPh with moderate to excellent yields.
The urgent need to address global warming and resource depletion has spurred research into sustainable methods for the utilization of CO2 as a C1 source. However, the challenge remains in developing metal-free, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approaches for CO2 conversion. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of CO2 activation in the methylation and formylation of amines using both theoretical and experimental approaches. Our study reveals that the methylation process is complex, with the "double H model" proving most effective, while the formylation reaction is more straightforward, favoring the "single H model." Control experiments confirmed these distinct activation models by monitoring the HCOOH formation. We further evaluated key influencing factors, including Hirshfeld charge and nucleophilicity. Based on our findings, we successfully designed new reactions, demonstrating the practical applications of these mechanisms. This research provides valuable insights into CO2 conversion strategies, advancing the field of sustainable chemistry.
The [2 + 2] cycloaddition of substituted ketenes with cyclopentadiene producing bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-ones is rationalized by the Bent Bond/Antiperiplanar Hypothesis (BBAH) orbital model. With monosubstituted ketenes, the endo isomer is formed preferentially. The endo and exo isomers are both produced with the cyclobutanone ring in the co-folded in conformation. Computational results support the analysis of the BBAH based mechanism in agreement with experimental results.