首页 > 最新文献

International Journal of Material Forming最新文献

英文 中文
Optimisation of interlayer temperature in wire-arc additive manufacturing process using NURBS-based metamodel 使用基于 NURBS 的元模型优化线弧增材制造工艺中的层间温度
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01857-5
Mathilde Zani, Enrico Panettieri, Marco Montemurro

For wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process the interlayer temperature highly influences the quality of manufactured parts. This paper proposes an optimisation of deposition parameters for a better control of interlayer temperature while reducing the printing time employing a Finite Element (FE) model and a metamodel based on Non Uniform Rational Basis Splines (NURBS) entities for a thin-walled part in aluminium alloy. Firstly, the thermal FE model is created to extract the interlayer temperature as a function of different deposition parameters that will be optimised. These parameters are the wire feed speed and the cooling time between deposition of two consecutive layers. Then, a NURBS-based metamodel is generated to approximate the (unknown) transfer function between input variables and output responses of the problem at hand. One of the advantages of this metamodeling strategy is the possibility of obtaining the gradient of the output responses without the requirement of further computational resources, as the resulting metamodel is available in analytical form with the requisite continuity and differentiability. The NURBS-based metamodel is generated as a solution of a three-step optimisation strategy aiming at determining all the parameters defining the shape of the NURBS entity. Finally, the NURBS-based metamodel is included in the optimisation process related to the considered application. The optimisation problem is defined as a weighted sum of different criteria, i.e., total printing time and the average interlayer temperature difference for each layer. The solution obtained is subsequently validated a posteriori using the high-fidelity FE model, demonstrating an excellent agreement between the prediction of the NURBS-based metamodel and those of the FE model.

对于线弧增材制造(WAAM)工艺,层间温度对制造零件的质量影响很大。本文针对铝合金薄壁零件,采用有限元(FE)模型和基于非均匀有理基样条(NURBS)实体的元模型,提出了优化沉积参数的方法,以更好地控制层间温度,同时缩短打印时间。首先,创建热 FE 模型,以提取层间温度,作为不同沉积参数的函数,并进行优化。这些参数包括送丝速度和连续两层沉积之间的冷却时间。然后,生成一个基于 NURBS 的元模型,以近似处理问题的输入变量和输出响应之间的(未知)传递函数。这种元模型策略的优点之一是可以获得输出响应的梯度,而不需要更多的计算资源,因为生成的元模型是分析形式的,具有必要的连续性和可微分性。基于 NURBS 的元模型是作为三步优化策略的解决方案生成的,旨在确定定义 NURBS 实体形状的所有参数。最后,基于 NURBS 的元模型被纳入与所考虑的应用相关的优化过程中。优化问题被定义为不同标准的加权和,即总印刷时间和每层的平均层间温差。随后使用高保真 FE 模型对获得的解决方案进行后验,结果表明基于 NURBS 的元模型与 FE 模型的预测结果非常吻合。
{"title":"Optimisation of interlayer temperature in wire-arc additive manufacturing process using NURBS-based metamodel","authors":"Mathilde Zani,&nbsp;Enrico Panettieri,&nbsp;Marco Montemurro","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01857-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01857-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process the interlayer temperature highly influences the quality of manufactured parts. This paper proposes an optimisation of deposition parameters for a better control of interlayer temperature while reducing the printing time employing a Finite Element (FE) model and a metamodel based on Non Uniform Rational Basis Splines (NURBS) entities for a thin-walled part in aluminium alloy. Firstly, the thermal FE model is created to extract the interlayer temperature as a function of different deposition parameters that will be optimised. These parameters are the wire feed speed and the cooling time between deposition of two consecutive layers. Then, a NURBS-based metamodel is generated to approximate the (unknown) transfer function between input variables and output responses of the problem at hand. One of the advantages of this metamodeling strategy is the possibility of obtaining the gradient of the output responses without the requirement of further computational resources, as the resulting metamodel is available in analytical form with the requisite continuity and differentiability. The NURBS-based metamodel is generated as a solution of a three-step optimisation strategy aiming at determining all the parameters defining the shape of the NURBS entity. Finally, the NURBS-based metamodel is included in the optimisation process related to the considered application. The optimisation problem is defined as a weighted sum of different criteria, i.e., total printing time and the average interlayer temperature difference for each layer. The solution obtained is subsequently validated a posteriori using the high-fidelity FE model, demonstrating an excellent agreement between the prediction of the NURBS-based metamodel and those of the FE model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UNIMAT: An enhanced forming simulation model of prepreg woven fabrics, with application to process optimization for wrinkle mitigation UNIMAT:预浸料编织物的增强成型仿真模型,应用于减少褶皱的工艺优化
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01856-6
Reza Sourki, Reza Vaziri, Abbas S. Milani

Processing simulation of prepreg fabrics requires considering multiple interactive deformation mechanisms to reliably predict the response of a formed part. However, these mechanisms, especially the evolving fabric properties and their interactions, are often overlooked. In this study, through integration of a series of user-defined subroutines, a unified (enhanced) numerical model (called UNIMAT) is developed to simulate the forming of a plain-weave fiberglass/polypropylene prepreg. The model specifically involves simultaneous incorporation of the fabric nonlinear in-plane and out-of-plane behaviours (including local bending/reverse bending effect with hysteresis), the ply viscous behavior at room temperature, and inter-ply anisotropic friction as a function of the ply orientation, pressure, and slippage. UNIMAT is first validated with a benchmark hemisphere forming test, and is then used for process optimization to minimize wrinkle formation over a complex shape tool under a vacuum bagging process. The model accurately predicted the forming outcomes including the part topology, punch force, shear angles, and wrinkles’ overall severity. The optimization search, through a Convolutional Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) algorithm, demonstrated that the wrinkles state can be diminished by up to 30% if local constraints on the fabric boundaries are optimally applied using pressure risers (modifiers), prior to the start of the vacuum.

预浸织物的加工模拟需要考虑多种交互变形机制,以可靠地预测成型部件的响应。然而,这些机制,尤其是不断变化的织物特性及其相互作用往往被忽视。在本研究中,通过整合一系列用户定义的子程序,开发了一个统一(增强)数值模型(称为 UNIMAT),用于模拟平纹玻璃纤维/聚丙烯预浸料的成型。具体而言,该模型同时包含了织物在平面内和平面外的非线性行为(包括带有滞后的局部弯曲/反向弯曲效应)、层间在室温下的粘性行为,以及作为层间取向、压力和滑移函数的层间各向异性摩擦。UNIMAT 首先通过基准半球成型测试进行验证,然后用于工艺优化,以最大限度地减少真空袋成型工艺下复杂形状工具的皱纹形成。模型准确预测了成型结果,包括零件拓扑、冲压力、剪切角和皱纹的整体严重程度。通过卷积矩阵自适应进化策略(CMA-ES)算法进行的优化搜索表明,如果在真空开始前使用压力上升器(调节器)对织物边界施加最佳的局部约束,褶皱状态最多可减少 30%。
{"title":"UNIMAT: An enhanced forming simulation model of prepreg woven fabrics, with application to process optimization for wrinkle mitigation","authors":"Reza Sourki,&nbsp;Reza Vaziri,&nbsp;Abbas S. Milani","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01856-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01856-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Processing simulation of prepreg fabrics requires considering multiple interactive deformation mechanisms to reliably predict the response of a formed part. However, these mechanisms, especially the evolving fabric properties and their interactions, are often overlooked. In this study, through integration of a series of user-defined subroutines, a unified (enhanced) numerical model (called UNIMAT) is developed to simulate the forming of a plain-weave fiberglass/polypropylene prepreg. The model specifically involves simultaneous incorporation of the fabric nonlinear in-plane and out-of-plane behaviours (including local bending/reverse bending effect with hysteresis), the ply viscous behavior at room temperature, and inter-ply anisotropic friction as a function of the ply orientation, pressure, and slippage. UNIMAT is first validated with a benchmark hemisphere forming test, and is then used for process optimization to minimize wrinkle formation over a complex shape tool under a vacuum bagging process. The model accurately predicted the forming outcomes including the part topology, punch force, shear angles, and wrinkles’ overall severity. The optimization search, through a Convolutional Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) algorithm, demonstrated that the wrinkles state can be diminished by up to 30% if local constraints on the fabric boundaries are optimally applied using pressure risers (modifiers), prior to the start of the vacuum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accurate real-time modeling for multiple-blow forging 多吹锻造的精确实时建模
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01861-9
David Uribe, Camille Durand, Cyrille Baudouin, Régis Bigot

Numerical simulations are crucial for predicting outcomes in forging processes but often neglect dynamic interactions within forming tools and presses. This study proposes an approach for achieving accurate real-time prediction of forging outcomes. Initially, a simulation-based surrogate model is developed to replicate key process characteristics related to the billet, enabling prediction of geometry, deformation field, and forging load after an upsetting operation. Subsequently, this model is integrated with a mass-spring-damper model representing the behavior of forging machine and tools. This integration enables the prediction of blow efficiency and energy distribution after each blow, including plastic, elastic, damping, and frictional energy of the upsetting operation. The approach is validated by comparing predictions with experimental results. The coupled model outperformed Finite Element Method (FEM) predictions, exhibiting mean absolute errors (MAE) below 0.1 mm and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) below 1% in geometry predictions. Deformation field predictions showed errors below 0.05 mm/mm, and load-displacement curves closely matched experimental data. Blow efficiency predictions aligned well with experimental results, demonstrating a mean absolute error below 1.1%. The observed energy distribution correlated with literature findings, underscoring the model’s fidelity. The proposed methodology presents a promising approach for accurate real-time prediction of forging outcomes.

数值模拟对于预测锻造过程的结果至关重要,但往往会忽略成形工具和压力机内部的动态相互作用。本研究提出了一种实现锻造结果精确实时预测的方法。首先,开发了一个基于仿真的代理模型,以复制与坯料相关的关键工艺特征,从而预测镦锻操作后的几何形状、变形场和锻造载荷。随后,该模型与代表锻造机器和工具行为的质量-弹簧-阻尼器模型集成。通过这种整合,可以预测每次打击后的打击效率和能量分布,包括镦锻操作的塑性能、弹性能、阻尼能和摩擦能。通过将预测结果与实验结果进行比较,对该方法进行了验证。耦合模型的性能优于有限元法(FEM)预测,几何预测的平均绝对误差(MAE)低于 0.1 毫米,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)低于 1%。变形场预测误差低于 0.05 毫米/毫米,载荷-位移曲线与实验数据非常吻合。吹气效率预测与实验结果非常吻合,平均绝对误差低于 1.1%。观察到的能量分布与文献研究结果相关,突出了模型的保真度。所提出的方法为准确实时预测锻造结果提供了一种可行的方法。
{"title":"Accurate real-time modeling for multiple-blow forging","authors":"David Uribe,&nbsp;Camille Durand,&nbsp;Cyrille Baudouin,&nbsp;Régis Bigot","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01861-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01861-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerical simulations are crucial for predicting outcomes in forging processes but often neglect dynamic interactions within forming tools and presses. This study proposes an approach for achieving accurate real-time prediction of forging outcomes. Initially, a simulation-based surrogate model is developed to replicate key process characteristics related to the billet, enabling prediction of geometry, deformation field, and forging load after an upsetting operation. Subsequently, this model is integrated with a mass-spring-damper model representing the behavior of forging machine and tools. This integration enables the prediction of blow efficiency and energy distribution after each blow, including plastic, elastic, damping, and frictional energy of the upsetting operation. The approach is validated by comparing predictions with experimental results. The coupled model outperformed Finite Element Method (FEM) predictions, exhibiting mean absolute errors (MAE) below 0.1 mm and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) below 1% in geometry predictions. Deformation field predictions showed errors below 0.05 mm/mm, and load-displacement curves closely matched experimental data. Blow efficiency predictions aligned well with experimental results, demonstrating a mean absolute error below 1.1%. The observed energy distribution correlated with literature findings, underscoring the model’s fidelity. The proposed methodology presents a promising approach for accurate real-time prediction of forging outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-024-01861-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of coulomb and constant shear frictions in hot aluminum forming by using warm and hot upsetting sliding test 利用温热镦锻滑动试验识别铝热成形中的库仑摩擦和恒定剪切摩擦
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01858-4
Panuwat Soranansri, André Dubois, Philippe Moreau, Tatsuya Funazuka, Kuniaki Dohda, Laurent Dubar

This study aims to identify the Coulomb friction coefficient and shear friction factor in aluminum forming processes at high temperatures by using the warm and hot upsetting sliding test (WHUST). The presence of pile-up material in front of the contactor when performing the WHUST on aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures modified the contact geometry. Thus, in this study, the pile-up material was derived as a parameter in the analytical equations. It was found that the analytical equation allows to identify the Coulomb friction coefficient directly from the experimental data, while the analytical equation for the shear friction factor requires the yield stress at the contact surface in addition to the experimental data. For the experiment, the WHUST was performed on AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy against AISI H13 hot work tool steel under dry contact conditions at 400 °C. To precisely control the testing temperature, the WHUST apparatus was installed into the heating chamber of the Bruker UMT TriboLab. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to determine the yield stress at the contact surface. In this study, three commercial FEA software, ABAQUS, DEFORM, and FORGE NxT, with two different sets of material data based on Hansel-Spittel material behavior law were carried out to demonstrate the variations in the computational results of the yield stress and its impact on the identification result of the shear friction factor. Finally, the Coulomb friction coefficient was 0.57, and the shear friction factor ranged between 0.76 and 0.90, depending on the yield stress obtained from the FEA software.

本研究旨在通过使用温热镦锻滑动试验(WHUST)来确定高温下铝成形过程中的库仑摩擦系数和剪切摩擦因数。在高温下对铝合金进行温热镦锻滑动测试时,接触器前方的堆积物会改变接触几何形状。因此,在这项研究中,堆积材料被作为一个参数纳入分析方程。研究发现,分析方程可以直接从实验数据中确定库仑摩擦系数,而剪切摩擦系数的分析方程除了实验数据外,还需要接触面的屈服应力。在实验中,在 400 °C 的干接触条件下,对 AA6082-T6 铝合金和 AISI H13 热作工具钢进行了 WHUST 测试。为了精确控制测试温度,将 WHUST 仪器安装在布鲁克 UMT TriboLab 的加热室内。有限元分析(FEA)用于确定接触面的屈服应力。在这项研究中,使用了 ABAQUS、DEFORM 和 FORGE NxT 这三种商用有限元分析软件,并根据 Hansel-Spittel 材料行为定律使用了两组不同的材料数据,以证明屈服应力计算结果的变化及其对剪切摩擦因数鉴定结果的影响。最后,库仑摩擦系数为 0.57,剪切摩擦因数介于 0.76 和 0.90 之间,具体取决于有限元分析软件获得的屈服应力。
{"title":"Identification of coulomb and constant shear frictions in hot aluminum forming by using warm and hot upsetting sliding test","authors":"Panuwat Soranansri,&nbsp;André Dubois,&nbsp;Philippe Moreau,&nbsp;Tatsuya Funazuka,&nbsp;Kuniaki Dohda,&nbsp;Laurent Dubar","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01858-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01858-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to identify the Coulomb friction coefficient and shear friction factor in aluminum forming processes at high temperatures by using the warm and hot upsetting sliding test (WHUST). The presence of pile-up material in front of the contactor when performing the WHUST on aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures modified the contact geometry. Thus, in this study, the pile-up material was derived as a parameter in the analytical equations. It was found that the analytical equation allows to identify the Coulomb friction coefficient directly from the experimental data, while the analytical equation for the shear friction factor requires the yield stress at the contact surface in addition to the experimental data. For the experiment, the WHUST was performed on AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy against AISI H13 hot work tool steel under dry contact conditions at 400 °C. To precisely control the testing temperature, the WHUST apparatus was installed into the heating chamber of the Bruker UMT TriboLab. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to determine the yield stress at the contact surface. In this study, three commercial FEA software, ABAQUS, DEFORM, and FORGE NxT, with two different sets of material data based on Hansel-Spittel material behavior law were carried out to demonstrate the variations in the computational results of the yield stress and its impact on the identification result of the shear friction factor. Finally, the Coulomb friction coefficient was 0.57, and the shear friction factor ranged between 0.76 and 0.90, depending on the yield stress obtained from the FEA software.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on the temperature rise mechanism of ultrasonic field-assisted laser cladding 超声波场辅助激光熔覆的温升机理研究
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01859-3
Li Linjie, Cui Quanwei, Zhou Jianxing, Sun Wenlei, Lu Zhicheng, Sun Haoran, Li Qiang, Guo Wanli

In order to investigate the temperature rise mechanism of laser cladding assisted by ultrasonic energy field, the multi-field heat flow behavior of laser cladding with or without ultrasonic field assistance is studied.Based on the theoretical analysis of laser-powder interaction and thermal effect of ultrasonic energy field, the coupling equation of laser effective heat input and ultrasonic effective heat conversion is obtained.A numerical model of three-dimensional phase-change heat transfer in laser cladding assisted by ultrasonic energy field is established. The solid–liquid phase change and dynamic evolution of the cladding layer are treated by the apparent heat capacity method and the deformation geometry method respectively. The variations of transient heat and velocity with distance based on laser spot center with or without ultrasonic energy field are studied. The effect of ultrasonic energy field on multi-field coupling of heat flow in laser cladding layer is discussed.Then ultrasonic field-assisted laser cladding IN718 experiment is conducted. The surface temperature of the melt pool is tracked in real time. The evolution law of the microstructure of the cladding layer and the distribution of alloying elements are analyzed.The reliability of the model is verified by analyzing the experimental results.The results show that when the laser cladding time is 2 s, the peak temperature and velocity of the molten pool reach the maximum value, which are 2483 K and 0.316 m/s respectively.Under the action of ultrasonic field, when the cladding time is 1 s, 2 s, 3 s and 3.5 s, the peak temperature of the molten pool increases by 26 K, 38 K, 105 K and 121 K respectively. The velocity of the molten pool reaches the maximum when the ultrasonic field acts for 2 s, which reaches 0.319 m/s.With the continuous application of ultrasonic field, the temperature gradient(G) of the cladding layer decreases gradually, and the solidification rate(R) and cooling rate increase. The ratio of temperature gradient to solidification rate (G/R) decreased.In the test range, the temperature variation of the molten pool surface is basically consistent with the simulation results.Ultrasonic field can promote the transformation of microstructure of IN718 cladding layer from columnar dendrites to equiaxial dendrites. The average minimum grain size of the top, middle and bottom of the cladding layer is reduced by 53.70%, 21.8% and 40.82% respectively. The element distribution of the cladding layer is also more uniform.

为了研究超声波能场辅助激光熔覆的温升机理,研究了有无超声波能场辅助的激光熔覆的多场热流行为,基于激光与粉末相互作用和超声波能场热效应的理论分析,得到了激光有效热输入与超声波有效热转换的耦合方程,建立了超声波能场辅助激光熔覆的三维相变传热数值模型。分别采用表观热容法和变形几何法处理了激光熔覆层的固液相变和动态演化。研究了基于激光光斑中心的瞬态热量和速度随距离的变化,以及有无超声波能量场的影响。然后进行了超声波场辅助激光熔覆 IN718 实验。对熔池表面温度进行了实时跟踪。结果表明,当激光熔覆时间为 2 s 时,熔池的峰值温度和峰值速度达到最大值,分别为 2483 K 和 0.316 m/s。在超声场作用下,熔池熔覆时间分别为 1 s、2 s、3 s 和 3.5 s 时,熔池峰值温度分别升高了 26 K、38 K、105 K 和 121 K。随着超声波场的持续作用,熔池的温度梯度(G)逐渐减小,凝固速率(R)和冷却速率增加。在试验范围内,熔池表面的温度变化与模拟结果基本一致。超声场可以促进 IN718 包覆层的微观结构从柱状树枝状转变为等轴树枝状。覆层顶部、中部和底部的平均最小晶粒尺寸分别减小了 53.70%、21.8% 和 40.82%。包层的元素分布也更加均匀。
{"title":"Research on the temperature rise mechanism of ultrasonic field-assisted laser cladding","authors":"Li Linjie,&nbsp;Cui Quanwei,&nbsp;Zhou Jianxing,&nbsp;Sun Wenlei,&nbsp;Lu Zhicheng,&nbsp;Sun Haoran,&nbsp;Li Qiang,&nbsp;Guo Wanli","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01859-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01859-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to investigate the temperature rise mechanism of laser cladding assisted by ultrasonic energy field, the multi-field heat flow behavior of laser cladding with or without ultrasonic field assistance is studied.Based on the theoretical analysis of laser-powder interaction and thermal effect of ultrasonic energy field, the coupling equation of laser effective heat input and ultrasonic effective heat conversion is obtained.A numerical model of three-dimensional phase-change heat transfer in laser cladding assisted by ultrasonic energy field is established. The solid–liquid phase change and dynamic evolution of the cladding layer are treated by the apparent heat capacity method and the deformation geometry method respectively. The variations of transient heat and velocity with distance based on laser spot center with or without ultrasonic energy field are studied. The effect of ultrasonic energy field on multi-field coupling of heat flow in laser cladding layer is discussed.Then ultrasonic field-assisted laser cladding IN718 experiment is conducted. The surface temperature of the melt pool is tracked in real time. The evolution law of the microstructure of the cladding layer and the distribution of alloying elements are analyzed.The reliability of the model is verified by analyzing the experimental results.The results show that when the laser cladding time is 2 s, the peak temperature and velocity of the molten pool reach the maximum value, which are 2483 K and 0.316 m/s respectively.Under the action of ultrasonic field, when the cladding time is 1 s, 2 s, 3 s and 3.5 s, the peak temperature of the molten pool increases by 26 K, 38 K, 105 K and 121 K respectively. The velocity of the molten pool reaches the maximum when the ultrasonic field acts for 2 s, which reaches 0.319 m/s.With the continuous application of ultrasonic field, the temperature gradient(G) of the cladding layer decreases gradually, and the solidification rate(R) and cooling rate increase. The ratio of temperature gradient to solidification rate (G/R) decreased.In the test range, the temperature variation of the molten pool surface is basically consistent with the simulation results.Ultrasonic field can promote the transformation of microstructure of IN718 cladding layer from columnar dendrites to equiaxial dendrites. The average minimum grain size of the top, middle and bottom of the cladding layer is reduced by 53.70%, 21.8% and 40.82% respectively. The element distribution of the cladding layer is also more uniform.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electromagnetic blank holding system for flexible segmentation in forming of complex parts: a flow rate-based design, configuration, and validation 用于复杂零件成型中柔性分割的电磁坯料夹持系统:基于流速的设计、配置和验证
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01853-9
Lei Li, Mengxiao Yang, Yue Wang, Lei Gan, Haihong Huang

Using a segmented holding system can effectively reduce cracking and wrinkling in the stamping process and improve the forming limit of stamped parts. Different segmentation schemes can be achieved flexibly using a blank holding system driven by electromagnetics. However, how to segment the blank holder to fulfill the demand for flow control of complex parts is still an obstacle to overcome. This paper proposes a flow rate-based design of distributed blank holders on demand for complex parts. A theoretical model is first established to analyze the differences in flow rate in the flange. Then, the flow rates are identified circumferentially and radially to find the locations where the changes in rates are large, and these locations are lined and deemed as the boundaries for segmenting holders. Moreover, a design implementation, including location identification and the electromagnetic system configuration for complex parts, is developed to explore the optimal segmentation schemes. To validate the effectiveness, the downscaling part of a car door with the material DP600 is selected to find the segmented scheme, and the corresponding prototypes of integral and segmented electromagnetic dies are then configured. Experimental results show that the thickening ratio is decreased by 15.4%, and the thinning ratio is increased by 22.5% compared with that of the integral blank holder, and the design achieves better quality and fewer segmented pieces compared with the conventional approach. This research assists in designing segmented blank holding systems enabled by electromagnetics and provides a universal segmentation approach to form better-quality complex parts.

使用分段式夹持系统可以有效减少冲压过程中的开裂和起皱,提高冲压件的成形极限。利用电磁驱动的坯料夹持系统可以灵活地实现不同的分段方案。然而,如何对坯料夹持器进行分段,以满足复杂零件的流量控制需求,仍然是一个需要克服的障碍。本文针对复杂零件的需求,提出了基于流速的分布式坯料夹持器设计方案。首先建立一个理论模型来分析法兰中的流速差异。然后,从圆周和径向识别流速,找出流速变化较大的位置,并将这些位置划定为分段夹头的边界。此外,还开发了一种设计实现方法,包括位置识别和复杂零件的电磁系统配置,以探索最佳分割方案。为验证其有效性,选择了汽车车门的降级零件(材料为 DP600)来寻找分段方案,然后配置了相应的整体电磁模和分段电磁模原型。实验结果表明,与整体式坯料夹持器相比,增厚率降低了 15.4%,减薄率提高了 22.5%,与传统方法相比,该设计实现了更好的质量和更少的分段件数。这项研究有助于利用电磁学设计分段坯料夹持系统,并提供了一种通用的分段方法,以形成质量更好的复杂零件。
{"title":"Electromagnetic blank holding system for flexible segmentation in forming of complex parts: a flow rate-based design, configuration, and validation","authors":"Lei Li,&nbsp;Mengxiao Yang,&nbsp;Yue Wang,&nbsp;Lei Gan,&nbsp;Haihong Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01853-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01853-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a segmented holding system can effectively reduce cracking and wrinkling in the stamping process and improve the forming limit of stamped parts. Different segmentation schemes can be achieved flexibly using a blank holding system driven by electromagnetics. However, how to segment the blank holder to fulfill the demand for flow control of complex parts is still an obstacle to overcome. This paper proposes a flow rate-based design of distributed blank holders on demand for complex parts. A theoretical model is first established to analyze the differences in flow rate in the flange. Then, the flow rates are identified circumferentially and radially to find the locations where the changes in rates are large, and these locations are lined and deemed as the boundaries for segmenting holders. Moreover, a design implementation, including location identification and the electromagnetic system configuration for complex parts, is developed to explore the optimal segmentation schemes. To validate the effectiveness, the downscaling part of a car door with the material DP600 is selected to find the segmented scheme, and the corresponding prototypes of integral and segmented electromagnetic dies are then configured. Experimental results show that the thickening ratio is decreased by 15.4%, and the thinning ratio is increased by 22.5% compared with that of the integral blank holder, and the design achieves better quality and fewer segmented pieces compared with the conventional approach. This research assists in designing segmented blank holding systems enabled by electromagnetics and provides a universal segmentation approach to form better-quality complex parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating residual stresses in metal additive manufacturing: a comprehensive review of detection methods, impact, and mitigation strategies 评估金属增材制造中的残余应力:检测方法、影响和缓解策略综合评述
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01855-7
Mumtaz Rizwee, Deepak Kumar

The metal additive manufacturing (MAM) process has most employed methods to build complex geometry and lightweight 3-dimensional (3-D) parts directly from a computerized solid model. Distortion of the printed part is a highly significant concern within the MAM process. This issue is because of the heating and cooling effect of printing process that could accumulate residual stress (RS) during part building up. The aim of the literature work is to present various methodologies for measuring RS in MAM components and to furnish a brief summary of recent developments in the domain. These details aid scholars in the discernment of suitable techniques, namely destructive, semi-destructive, or non-destructive, contingent on their particular applications and the accessibility of these methods. Moreover, it facilitates the explication of their formation mechanisms, effectiveness of process parameters, prediction, and control techniques. The effect of RS on the mechanical characteristics of printed parts is analyzed and presented. Additionally, common defects incorporated into RS are discussed. Moreover, this review article discusses about the future challenges and opportunities in the RS analysis of MAM parts.

金属增材制造(MAM)工艺最常用的方法是直接从计算机实体模型中制造几何形状复杂、重量轻的三维(3-D)零件。在 MAM 工艺中,打印部件的变形是一个非常重要的问题。造成这一问题的原因是打印过程中的加热和冷却效应会在零件成型过程中积累残余应力(RS)。本文献旨在介绍测量 MAM 部件 RS 的各种方法,并简要概述该领域的最新发展。这些详细信息有助于学者们根据其特定应用和这些方法的可及性选择合适的技术,即破坏性、半破坏性或非破坏性技术。此外,它还有助于阐述其形成机制、工艺参数的有效性、预测和控制技术。该书分析并介绍了 RS 对印刷部件机械特性的影响。此外,还讨论了 RS 中常见的缺陷。此外,这篇综述文章还讨论了 MAM 零件 RS 分析的未来挑战和机遇。
{"title":"Evaluating residual stresses in metal additive manufacturing: a comprehensive review of detection methods, impact, and mitigation strategies","authors":"Mumtaz Rizwee,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01855-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01855-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The metal additive manufacturing (MAM) process has most employed methods to build complex geometry and lightweight 3-dimensional (3-D) parts directly from a computerized solid model. Distortion of the printed part is a highly significant concern within the MAM process. This issue is because of the heating and cooling effect of printing process that could accumulate residual stress (RS) during part building up. The aim of the literature work is to present various methodologies for measuring RS in MAM components and to furnish a brief summary of recent developments in the domain. These details aid scholars in the discernment of suitable techniques, namely destructive, semi-destructive, or non-destructive, contingent on their particular applications and the accessibility of these methods. Moreover, it facilitates the explication of their formation mechanisms, effectiveness of process parameters, prediction, and control techniques. The effect of RS on the mechanical characteristics of printed parts is analyzed and presented. Additionally, common defects incorporated into RS are discussed. Moreover, this review article discusses about the future challenges and opportunities in the RS analysis of MAM parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Straightforward identification of flow curve and yield locus parameters from three-point bending experiments 从三点弯曲实验中直接确定流动曲线和屈服点参数
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01852-w
Christoph Hartmann, Lorenz Maier, Tianyou Liu, Roman Norz, Wolfram Volk

Material testing and modeling is one of the cornerstones of virtual analysis of sheet metal forming processes. However, it is also becoming more and more relevant for incoming goods inspection, especially in view of the increasing amount of recycled material or frequent changes of suppliers, e.g. to provide workers, processes and/or process models with relevant information about a new batch of material. Efficient material testing and straight-forward test evaluation is essential for this. The flow curve and yield locus are central to describe the forming behavior of sheet metal materials. However, the parameters of the associated models are currently determined in various tests on different systems and with special sample geometries. The present work presents a methodology that allows the determination of a set of flow curve and yield locus parameters from three three-point bending tests only. The evaluation routine does not require finite element simulation and processes only the force-displacement information of the bending tests, which also places low demands on the measurement technology. The results were compared with a conventionally determined parameter set using a validation test, and the results are of reasonable quality, especially considering the minimal effort involved.

材料测试和建模是金属板材成型工艺虚拟分析的基石之一。然而,它与进货检验的关系也越来越密切,特别是考虑到回收材料数量的增加或供应商的频繁更换,例如,为工人、工艺和/或工艺模型提供新一批材料的相关信息。为此,高效的材料测试和直接的测试评估至关重要。流动曲线和屈服点是描述金属板材成型行为的核心。然而,目前相关模型的参数是在不同系统和特殊试样几何形状的各种测试中确定的。本研究提出了一种方法,可以仅通过三次三点弯曲试验确定一组流动曲线和屈服点参数。评估程序无需进行有限元模拟,只需处理弯曲试验的力-位移信息,这也降低了对测量技术的要求。利用验证试验将结果与传统确定的参数集进行了比较,结果质量合理,特别是考虑到所需的工作量极小。
{"title":"Straightforward identification of flow curve and yield locus parameters from three-point bending experiments","authors":"Christoph Hartmann,&nbsp;Lorenz Maier,&nbsp;Tianyou Liu,&nbsp;Roman Norz,&nbsp;Wolfram Volk","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01852-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01852-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Material testing and modeling is one of the cornerstones of virtual analysis of sheet metal forming processes. However, it is also becoming more and more relevant for incoming goods inspection, especially in view of the increasing amount of recycled material or frequent changes of suppliers, e.g. to provide workers, processes and/or process models with relevant information about a new batch of material. Efficient material testing and straight-forward test evaluation is essential for this. The flow curve and yield locus are central to describe the forming behavior of sheet metal materials. However, the parameters of the associated models are currently determined in various tests on different systems and with special sample geometries. The present work presents a methodology that allows the determination of a set of flow curve and yield locus parameters from three three-point bending tests only. The evaluation routine does not require finite element simulation and processes only the force-displacement information of the bending tests, which also places low demands on the measurement technology. The results were compared with a conventionally determined parameter set using a validation test, and the results are of reasonable quality, especially considering the minimal effort involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-024-01852-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine learning in polymer additive manufacturing: a review 聚合物增材制造中的机器学习:综述
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01854-8
Mohammad Hossein Nikooharf, Mohammadali Shirinbayan, Mahsa Arabkoohi, Nadia Bahlouli, Joseph Fitoussi, Khaled Benfriha

Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a commonly utilized technique in the manufacturing process of a wide range of materials. Recent advances in AM technology provide precise control over processing parameters, enabling the creation of complex geometries and enhancing the quality of the final product. Moreover, Machine Learning (ML) has become widely used to make systems work better by using materials and processes more intelligently and controlling their resulting properties. In industrial settings, implementing ML not only reduces the lead time of manufacturing processes but also enhances the quality and properties of produced parts through optimization of process parameters. Also, ML techniques have facilitated the advancement of cyber manufacturing in AM systems, thereby revolutionizing Industry 4.0. The current review explores the application of ML techniques across different aspects of AM including material and technology selection, optimization and control of process parameters, defect detection, and evaluation of properties results in the printed objects, as well as integration with Industry 4.0 paradigms. The progressive phases of utilizing ML in the context of AM, including data gathering, data preparation, feature engineering, model selection, training, and validation, have been discussed. Finally, certain challenges associated with the use of ML in the AM and some of the best-practice solutions have been presented.

快速成型制造(AM)已成为多种材料制造过程中的常用技术。增材制造技术的最新进展提供了对加工参数的精确控制,使复杂几何形状的制造成为可能,并提高了最终产品的质量。此外,机器学习(ML)已被广泛应用,通过更智能地使用材料和工艺并控制其产生的属性,使系统更好地工作。在工业环境中,实施 ML 不仅能缩短制造流程的准备时间,还能通过优化流程参数提高生产部件的质量和性能。此外,ML 技术还促进了 AM 系统中网络制造的发展,从而彻底改变了工业 4.0。本综述探讨了 ML 技术在 AM 不同方面的应用,包括材料和技术选择、工艺参数的优化和控制、缺陷检测、打印对象的性能结果评估,以及与工业 4.0 范例的集成。此外,还讨论了在 AM 中使用 ML 的渐进阶段,包括数据收集、数据准备、特征工程、模型选择、训练和验证。最后,介绍了在 AM 中使用 ML 所面临的某些挑战以及一些最佳实践解决方案。
{"title":"Machine learning in polymer additive manufacturing: a review","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Nikooharf,&nbsp;Mohammadali Shirinbayan,&nbsp;Mahsa Arabkoohi,&nbsp;Nadia Bahlouli,&nbsp;Joseph Fitoussi,&nbsp;Khaled Benfriha","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01854-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01854-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a commonly utilized technique in the manufacturing process of a wide range of materials. Recent advances in AM technology provide precise control over processing parameters, enabling the creation of complex geometries and enhancing the quality of the final product. Moreover, Machine Learning (ML) has become widely used to make systems work better by using materials and processes more intelligently and controlling their resulting properties. In industrial settings, implementing ML not only reduces the lead time of manufacturing processes but also enhances the quality and properties of produced parts through optimization of process parameters. Also, ML techniques have facilitated the advancement of cyber manufacturing in AM systems, thereby revolutionizing Industry 4.0. The current review explores the application of ML techniques across different aspects of AM including material and technology selection, optimization and control of process parameters, defect detection, and evaluation of properties results in the printed objects, as well as integration with Industry 4.0 paradigms. The progressive phases of utilizing ML in the context of AM, including data gathering, data preparation, feature engineering, model selection, training, and validation, have been discussed. Finally, certain challenges associated with the use of ML in the AM and some of the best-practice solutions have been presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-024-01854-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of spindle speeds on the formability, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy foils during single point micro incremental forming (SPMIF) process 主轴速度对单点微增量成形 (SPMIF) 过程中 Ti-6Al-4V 合金箔的成形性、微观结构、机械性能和断裂行为的影响
IF 2.6 3区 材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12289-024-01851-x
Yoganjaneyulu G., Vigneshwaran S., Sivasankaran S., Abdullah A. Alhomidan

Knowledge of the deformation behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V using single-point micro incremental forming (SPMIF) is very important to understand the physics behind the microstructural changes, and forming limit. In SPIF, shape changes in sheet metals up to ultra-thin sizes can be performed without using a die and punch (does not require any specific tooling as in the conventional forming process) and hence, this process is recommended for the fabrication of parts in the aerospace, automobile, and bio-medical industries. Furthermore, in SPIF, the components are manufactured using a hemispherical end tool moving along a predefined path with an enhanced forming limit. The present research work has focused on studying the formability, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of Ti–6Al–4V alloy foils during SPMIF. The importance of spindle speed on the forming limits of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy foil was studied and it was found that the maximum forming limits were achieved at higher spindle speeds (200 rpm) due to strengthening of basal texture and weakening of prismatic texture components. A forming limit strain (FLS) was drawn at different spindle speeds (100, 150, and 200 rpm). XRD, EBSD and TEM analyses were performed for the phase analysis, orientation and dislocation density respectively. The fracture behaviour was investigated and the void coalescence parameters were compared with respect to spindle speed.

了解使用单点微增量成形 (SPMIF) 的 Ti-6Al-4V 的变形行为对于理解微结构变化背后的物理学原理和成形极限非常重要。在 SPIF 中,无需使用模具和冲头(不需要传统成形工艺中的任何特定工具),就能改变金属板材的形状,使其达到超薄尺寸,因此该工艺被推荐用于航空航天、汽车和生物医疗行业的零件制造。此外,在 SPIF 工艺中,部件是通过沿预定路径移动的半球形端部工具制造的,具有更高的成形极限。本研究工作的重点是研究 Ti-6Al-4V 合金箔在 SPMIF 过程中的可成形性、微观结构、机械性能和断裂力学。研究发现,在较高的主轴转速(200 转/分钟)下,由于基底纹理的强化和棱柱纹理成分的弱化,Ti-6Al-4V 合金箔的成形极限达到最大。在不同的主轴转速(100、150 和 200 转/分钟)下绘制了成形极限应变 (FLS)。分别对相分析、取向和位错密度进行了 XRD、EBSD 和 TEM 分析。研究了断裂行为,并比较了与主轴转速有关的空隙凝聚参数。
{"title":"Influence of spindle speeds on the formability, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy foils during single point micro incremental forming (SPMIF) process","authors":"Yoganjaneyulu G.,&nbsp;Vigneshwaran S.,&nbsp;Sivasankaran S.,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alhomidan","doi":"10.1007/s12289-024-01851-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-024-01851-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge of the deformation behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V using single-point micro incremental forming (SPMIF) is very important to understand the physics behind the microstructural changes, and forming limit. In SPIF, shape changes in sheet metals up to ultra-thin sizes can be performed without using a die and punch (does not require any specific tooling as in the conventional forming process) and hence, this process is recommended for the fabrication of parts in the aerospace, automobile, and bio-medical industries. Furthermore, in SPIF, the components are manufactured using a hemispherical end tool moving along a predefined path with an enhanced forming limit. The present research work has focused on studying the formability, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of Ti–6Al–4V alloy foils during SPMIF. The importance of spindle speed on the forming limits of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy foil was studied and it was found that the maximum forming limits were achieved at higher spindle speeds (200 rpm) due to strengthening of basal texture and weakening of prismatic texture components. A forming limit strain (FLS) was drawn at different spindle speeds (100, 150, and 200 rpm). XRD, EBSD and TEM analyses were performed for the phase analysis, orientation and dislocation density respectively. The fracture behaviour was investigated and the void coalescence parameters were compared with respect to spindle speed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Material Forming
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1