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Current status and future challenges with Coronavirus (COVID-19): an update on vaccines 冠状病毒(COVID-19)的现状和未来挑战:疫苗最新情况
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230001
K. Rakesh, Shriya Gupta, Anant Gupta
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引用次数: 0
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND): a review study hiv相关神经认知障碍(HAND):一项综述研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230002
Pedram Bolbolizade, Fatemeh Zahra Seyed-Kolbadi, Nasrin Davari-Dolatabadi, F. Zamani, Faezeh Mirshahi
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引用次数: 0
Influencing factors of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study 中青年冠心病患者疲劳影响因素的横断面研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230009
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacognostic characters of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. leaves: macroscopy, microscopy, and phytochemical analysis 合欢的生药学特性Benth。叶子:宏观、显微镜和植物化学分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230012
Ogochukwu Immaculate Obika, I. E. Obika
Background: Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth, a medium to large tree belonging to the family Fabaceae, is commonly used as a medicinal plant for various disease conditions. Aim: The aim of this study was to establish a pharmacognostical profile for the leaves of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth in order to aid its identification and authentication. Method: Standard macroscopic methods were employed to analyze the physical parameters of the Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth leaves. Fresh leaf samples and dried leaf powder were studied under a microscope to reveal the plant’s microscopic features. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the plant material was also conducted using standard methods. Result: The results showed the presence of fibers, epidermal cells, stomata, sclereids, prismatic crystals, vascular bundles, and parenchyma cells. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, glycocides, terpenes, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, and quinones. Conclusion: These pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical observations can be considered as standard for future studies.
背景:Albizia lebbeck (L.)Benth,一种中型到大型的树,属于豆科,通常用作治疗各种疾病的药用植物。目的:建立合欢叶的生药学谱图。以便辅助其识别和认证。方法:采用标准宏观方法对小檗药材的物理参数进行分析。Benth树叶。在显微镜下研究了鲜叶样品和干叶粉末,揭示了植物的微观特征。采用标准方法对该植物材料进行了初步的植物化学研究。结果:可见纤维、表皮细胞、气孔、硬核、棱柱状晶体、维管束和薄壁组织细胞。初步的植物化学分析显示存在酚类、黄酮类、糖苷类、萜烯类、单宁类、皂苷类、碳水化合物和醌类。结论:这些生药学和植物化学初步观察结果可作为今后研究的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Research on feeding habits and stomach fungi in Eothenomys miletus from Hengduan mountain regions 横断山区大仓鼠食性及胃真菌研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230011
Bo Yan, Wan-long Zhu
Eothenomys miletus ( E. miletus ) is one of the rodent species found in Yunnan, and it has caused significant harm to local agricultural production. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in feeding habits and stomach fungi of E. miletus across different areas in the Hengduan mountain regions. By exploring the main factors affecting the feeding habits and fungi of E. miletus , this study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of this species. We collected E. miletus specimens from five regions, namely Deqin, Xianggelila, Lijiang, Jianchuan, and Ailaoshan. We measured their feeding habits and the types of fungi in their stomachs using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that E. miletus primarily fed on Poaceae, Oxalidaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. Food diversity of E. miletus in Ailaoshan and Jianchuan was significantly lower than in the other three regions. As for stomach fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the absolute dominant sectors. Changes in the diversity of fungi in different regions were consistent with changes in food diversity. The diversity of fungi in Ailaoshan and Jianchuan regions was lower than in the other three regions. These findings suggest that the feeding habits of E. miletus in different regions were affected by plant species, which, in turn, affects the diversity of fungi in their stomachs.
大仓鼠(Eothenomys miletus)是云南地区发现的一种啮齿动物,对当地农业生产造成了严重危害。在本研究中,我们旨在研究横断山区不同地区大仓鼠的摄食习性和胃真菌的差异。本研究通过对影响鼠仓鼠取食习性及菌种的主要因素的探讨,为鼠仓鼠的防治提供理论依据。在德勤、香格里拉、丽江、建川和哀牢山5个地区采集了大仓鼠标本。我们使用高通量测序技术测量了它们的摄食习惯和胃中真菌的类型。结果表明,田鼠主要以禾本科、草科、菊科和豆科为食。哀牢山和建川的仓鼠食物多样性显著低于其他3个地区。胃真菌以子囊菌门和担子菌门为绝对优势门类。不同地区真菌多样性的变化与食物多样性的变化是一致的。哀牢山和建川地区真菌多样性低于其他3个地区。这些发现表明,不同地区的千里仓鼠的摄食习性受到植物种类的影响,进而影响其胃内真菌的多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup promotes autophagy in the pancreas tissue of diabetic rats by increasing the level of autophagy protein LC3 and decreasing the level of autophagy protein p62 白虎仁参汤通过提高自噬蛋白LC3水平、降低自噬蛋白p62水平促进糖尿病大鼠胰腺组织自噬
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230003
Shu-Quan Lv, Baochao Pan, Bin Yao, T. Tian, Xiu-hai Su, Shu-fang Zhang, Hanzhou Li, Wen-juan Sun, Tian-Yu Zhang, Hui Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Gastrointestinal Microbiome and related metabolites in Depression and Antidepressants - a comprehensive review 胃肠道微生物组和相关代谢物在抑郁症和抗抑郁药-综合综述
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230016
Yanyan Lu, Tao Jiang, Jia-jia Duan
Depression, a prevalent mood disorder, has emerged as a significant health concern in society. While the exact cause of depression remains incompletely understood, there is substantial evidence linking the gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites to this condition. Through combined multi-omics analysis, it has been observed that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome, including Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Actinobacteria , undergoes significant alterations in depressed individuals. Moreover, the production of short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acids by these gut microbes is also found to be modified in depression. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that antidepressant medications exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites. This review provides an overview of the association between the gastrointestinal microbiome, related metabolites, and depression. It highlights the potential of these factors to serve as mechanisms of action for antidepressant medications. Additionally, the review summarizes the commonly used technical tools in depression research.
抑郁症是一种普遍存在的情绪障碍,已成为社会上一个重大的健康问题。虽然抑郁症的确切原因尚不完全清楚,但有大量证据表明,胃肠道微生物群及其代谢物与抑郁症有关。通过联合多组学分析,已经观察到胃肠道微生物群的组成,包括厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门,在抑郁症患者中发生了显著的变化。此外,这些肠道微生物产生的短链脂肪酸、色氨酸和胆汁酸也被发现在抑郁症中被改变。此外,研究表明,抗抑郁药物通过与胃肠道微生物群及其代谢物相互作用来发挥其治疗作用。本文综述了胃肠道微生物组、相关代谢物和抑郁症之间的关系。它强调了这些因素作为抗抑郁药物作用机制的潜力。此外,综述总结了抑郁症研究中常用的技术工具。
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引用次数: 0
Risk behaviours associated with HIV and AIDS among couples in Rwamiko Sector, Gicumbi District, Rwanda 卢旺达吉库姆比区鲁瓦米科区夫妇中与艾滋病毒和艾滋病相关的风险行为
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53388/lr20230017
Jean Marie Vianney Tuyisenge, E. Rutayisire
Background: Risk behaviours have been linked to the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in both urban and rural areas. Despite the progress made in the fight against HIV, it remains a public health concern worldwide. Risk behaviours such as not using condoms, having multiple sexual partners, and engaging in early sexual activity increase the risk of HIV infection. Therefore, it is important to assess these risk behaviours and understand the relationship between different factors and HIV, specifically among couples, in order to better understand the dynamics of the epidemic. The main objective of this study was to assess risk behaviours for HIV and AIDS among couples in Rwamiko sector, Gicumbi District, and suggest appropriate interventions for this group. Methods: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess associated HIV and AIDS risk behaviours among couples in Rwamiko Sector, Gicumbi District, in order to determine the dynamics of the epidemic in this group and suggest appropriate interventions. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a multistage cluster random sampling technique. The collected data was then computed, analyzed, and presented in the form of tables and figures. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze all variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to investigate the relationship between the assessed factors, such as independent and dependent variables. The association between the studied factors was described using odds ratios with 95% CIs. Results: The majority of respondents were in the age group of 30–39 years. All respondents were married, and approximately 45% had completed primary education. The majority of respondents were unemployed. Respondents reported receiving HIV information from multiple sources, including radio, TV, films, school, church, health workers, parents, and friends. The findings of this study showed that some participants had knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention, while others did not. The proportion of respondents with a high level of HIV and AIDS knowledge was 30.61% (n = 60), while moderate knowledge accounted for 53.57% (n = 105). Furthermore, the proportion of respondents with a low level of knowledge on HIV and AIDS was 15.81% (n = 31). The attitude towards HIV and AIDS was positive for 58.16% (n = 114) of respondents, while 41.83% (n = 82) had a negative attitude. None of the respondents reported using injection drugs. Significant associations were found between age ( P -value = 0.002, odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.59–7.67), gender (p=0.001, OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.44–4.68), and alcohol consumption. There was also an association between age ( P = 0.001, OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 2.04–12.91) and having multiple sexual partners. Conclusion: The majority of couples in Rwamiko Sector, Gicumbi District have a moderate level of knowledge and a positive attitude towards HIV and AIDS. How
背景:危险行为与人体免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病毒)流行病在城市和农村地区的蔓延有关。尽管在防治艾滋病毒方面取得了进展,但它仍然是全世界关注的公共卫生问题。不使用避孕套、拥有多个性伴侣和过早进行性活动等危险行为增加了感染艾滋病毒的风险。因此,必须评估这些危险行为,了解不同因素与艾滋病毒之间的关系,特别是夫妻之间的关系,以便更好地了解这一流行病的动态。本研究的主要目的是评估Gicumbi区Rwamiko区的夫妇感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的风险行为,并为这一群体提出适当的干预措施。方法:本横断面调查旨在评估吉贡比区鲁瓦米科区夫妇之间的相关艾滋病毒和艾滋病风险行为,以确定该群体中的流行病动态,并提出适当的干预措施。数据收集采用自填问卷和多阶段整群随机抽样技术。然后对收集到的数据进行计算、分析,并以表格和图表的形式呈现。采用描述性统计对所有变量进行分析。采用多因素logistic回归计算比值比和95%置信区间(CI),探讨自变量和因变量等评价因素之间的关系。研究因素之间的关联用95% ci的比值比来描述。结果:大多数受访者年龄在30-39岁之间。所有受访者都已婚,约45%完成了初等教育。大多数受访者都没有工作。答复者报告说,他们从多种渠道获得艾滋病毒信息,包括广播、电视、电影、学校、教会、卫生工作者、父母和朋友。这项研究的结果表明,一些参与者了解艾滋病毒的传播和预防,而其他人则没有。调查对象对HIV / AIDS知识水平较高的占30.61% (n = 60),中等程度的占53.57% (n = 105)。此外,受访者对HIV和AIDS知识水平较低的比例为15.81% (n = 31)。58.16% (n = 114)的受访者对HIV / AIDS持肯定态度,41.83% (n = 82)的受访者对HIV / AIDS持否定态度。没有答复者报告使用注射毒品。年龄(P值= 0.002,比值比(OR) = 3.4, 95% CI= 1.59-7.67)、性别(P =0.001, OR=2.6, 95% CI= 1.44-4.68)和饮酒之间存在显著关联。年龄(P = 0.001, OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 2.04-12.91)与多个性伴侣之间也存在关联。结论:Gicumbi区Rwamiko区大多数夫妻对HIV / AIDS有中等程度的认知和积极的态度。然而,受访者的知识水平低,态度消极的比例不容忽视。这项研究的结果表明,需要改善与艾滋病毒、其传播风险和更安全的性行为有关的沟通信息,特别是在Gicumbi区Rwamiko区的夫妇之间。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological signal processing in heart rate variability measurement: A focus on spectral analysis 心率变异性测量中的生理信号处理:聚焦频谱分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.53388/lr20220030
Amin Gasmi
Feelings and emotions are significant determinants of the behavior of an individual. Human emotions can be established and recognized through several approaches, such as facial images, gesture, neuroimaging methods, and psychological signals [1]. The human body produces many physiological signals. These physiological signals can be categorized into eight major groups; the flow of body fluids, pressure, dimensions (e.g., imaging), biopotential, temperature, impendence, and chemical concentration and composition. Due to the importance of these signals in the human body, it is of great significance that these signals be accessible for monitoring [2].
感觉和情绪是个人行为的重要决定因素。人类的情绪可以通过几种方法来建立和识别,如面部图像、手势、神经成像方法和心理信号[1]。人体产生许多生理信号。这些生理信号可分为八大类;体液的流动、压力、尺寸(如成像)、生物电势、温度、阻抗以及化学物质的浓度和组成。由于这些信号在人体中的重要性,获取这些信号对[2]的监测具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperhomocysteinemia dysregulates plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived eicosanoids. 高同型半胱氨酸血症会导致血浆中多不饱和脂肪酸衍生的二十酸水平失调。
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.53388/2022-0106-103
Mohamed Al-Shabrawey, Ahmed Elmarakby, Yara Samra, Mohamed Moustafa, Stephen W Looney, Krishna Rao Maddipati, Amany Tawfik

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) contributes to the incidence of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our group have previously established crucial roles of eicosanoids and homocysteine in the incidence of vascular injury in diabetic retinopathy and renal injury. Using cystathionine-β-synthase heterozygous mice (cβs+/-) as a model of HHcy, the current study was designed to determine the impact of homocysteine on circulating levels of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Plasma samples were isolated from wild-type (WT) and cβs+/- mice for the assessment of eicosanoids levels using LC/MS. Plasma 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) activity significantly decreased in cβs+/- vs. WT control mice. LOX-derived metabolites from both omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA were also reduced in cβs+/- mice compared to WT control (P < 0.05). Contrary to LOX metabolites, cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites from omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA were significantly elevated in cβs+/- mice compared to WT control. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are epoxides derived from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by CYP with anti-inflammatory properties and are known to limit vascular injury, however their physiological role is limited by their rapid degradation by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to their corresponding diols (DiHETrEs). In cβs+/- mice, a significant decrease in the plasma EETs bioavailability was obvious as evident by the decrease in EETs/ DiHETrEs ratio relative to WT control mice. Cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites were also significantly decreased in cβs+/- vs. WT control mice. These data suggest that HHcy impacts eicosanoids metabolism through decreasing LOX and COX metabolic activities while increasing CYP metabolic activity. The increase in AA metabolism by CYP was also associated with increase in sEH activity and decrease in EETs bioavailability. Dysregulation of eicosanoids metabolism could be a contributing factor to the incidence and progression of HHcy-induced CVD.

高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)是导致多种心血管疾病(CVD)发病的原因之一。我们的研究小组之前已经证实,二十烷酸和同型半胱氨酸在糖尿病视网膜病变和肾损伤的血管损伤中起着至关重要的作用。本研究以胱硫醚-β-合成酶杂合小鼠(cβs+/-)为 HHcy 模型,旨在确定同型半胱氨酸对源自多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的脂质介质循环水平的影响。研究人员从野生型(WT)小鼠和 cβs+/- 小鼠体内分离出血浆样本,利用 LC/MS 方法对二十烷酸水平进行评估。与 WT 对照组小鼠相比,cβs+/- 小鼠血浆中 12/15 脂氧合酶(12/15-LOX)活性明显降低。与 WT 对照组相比,cβs+/- 小鼠体内来自欧米伽-3 和欧米伽-6 PUFA 的 LOX 衍生代谢物也有所减少(P < 0.05)。与 LOX 代谢物相反,与 WT 对照组相比,cβs+/- 小鼠体内来自欧米伽-3 和欧米伽-6 PUFA 的细胞色素 P450 (CYP) 代谢物显著升高。环二十碳三烯酸(EETs)是花生四烯酸(AA)经 CYP 代谢产生的环氧化物,具有抗炎特性,已知可限制血管损伤,但其生理作用因被可溶性环氧化物水解酶(sEH)快速降解为相应的二醇(DiHETrEs)而受到限制。与 WT 对照组小鼠相比,cβs+/- 小鼠血浆中 EETs 的生物利用率明显降低,EETs/ DiHETrEs 比率的降低就证明了这一点。cβs+/- 与 WT 对照组小鼠相比,环氧化酶 (COX) 代谢物也明显减少。这些数据表明,HHcy 通过降低 LOX 和 COX 的代谢活性,同时提高 CYP 的代谢活性来影响二十烷酸的代谢。CYP 对 AA 代谢的增加也与 sEH 活性的增加和 EETs 生物利用率的降低有关。二十碳六烷酸代谢失调可能是导致 HHcy 引起心血管疾病的发生和发展的一个因素。
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引用次数: 0
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TMR生命研究
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