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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin alleviate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced ileal inflammation in piglets by upregulating the levels of α-linolenic acid and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid 植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉通过上调α-亚麻酸和12,13-环氧十八碳烯酸的水平来减轻产肠毒素大肠杆菌诱导的仔猪回肠炎症
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.008
Leihong Cui, Hui Zeng, Meixin Hou, Zhongxin Li, Chunlong Mu, Weiyun Zhu, Suqin Hang

Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing bacteria-induced inflammation in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. Our previous study showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. To explore the protective effects of L. plantarum L47 and inulin on the ileal inflammatory response in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), 28 weaned piglets were assigned into four groups, namely, CON group—orally given 10 mL/d phosphate buffer saline (PBS), LI47 group—orally given a mixture of 10 mL/d L. plantarum L47 and inulin, ECON group—orally given 10 mL/d PBS and challenged by ETEC, and ELI47 group—orally given 10 mL/d L. plantarum L47 and inulin mixture and challenged by ETEC. The results demonstrated that the combination of L. plantarum L47 and inulin reduced inflammatory responses and relieved the inflammatory damage caused by ETEC, including ileal morphological damage, reduced protein expression of ileal tight junction, decreased antioxidant capacity, and decreased anti-inflammatory factors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that L. plantarum L47 and inulin up-regulated the gene expression of phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) (P < 0.05) as well as affected alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, L. plantarum L47 and inulin increased the levels of ALA (P < 0.05), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (P < 0.05), and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME) (P < 0.05) and the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) (P = 0.05) in the ileal mucosa. In conclusion, L. plantarum L47 and inulin together alleviated ETEC-induced ileal inflammation in piglets by up-regulating the levels of ALA and 12,13-EpOME via the LTA/TLR2/PLA2G2A pathway.

迫切需要抗生素的替代品来预防早期断奶农场动物细菌引起的炎症。我们之前的研究表明,植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉可以减轻右旋糖酐硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎。为了探讨植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)攻击断奶仔猪回肠炎症反应的保护作用,将28头断奶仔猪分为4组,即CON组——口服10mL/d磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS),LI47组——口服10mg/d植物乳杆菌和菊粉的混合物,ECON组——口服10mL/d PBS并用ETEC激发;ELI47组——口服10mg/d植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉混合物并用ETEC激发。结果表明,植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉的组合减少了炎症反应,减轻了ETEC引起的炎症损伤,包括回肠形态损伤、回肠紧密连接蛋白表达减少、抗氧化能力降低和抗炎因子降低。转录组分析显示,植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉上调磷脂酶A2组IIA(PLA2G2A)的基因表达(P<;0.05),并影响α-亚麻酸(ALA)代谢和亚油酸代谢。此外,植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉增加了回肠粘膜中ALA(P<;0.05)、脂磷壁酸(LTA)(P<!0.05)和12,13-环氧十八碳烯酸(12,13-EpOME)(P>;0.05)的水平以及Toll样受体2(TLR2)的蛋白表达(P=0.05)。总之,植物乳杆菌L47和菊粉通过LTA/TLR2/PLA2G2A途径上调ALA和12,13-EpOME水平,共同减轻了ETEC诱导的仔猪回肠炎症。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated multi-omics reveals the beneficial role of chlorogenic acid in improving the growth performance and immune function of immunologically stressed broilers 综合多组学揭示了绿原酸在改善免疫应激肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能方面的有益作用
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009
Huawei Liu , Xuemin Li , Kai Zhang, Xiaoguo Lv, Quanwei Zhang, Peng Chen, Yang Wang, Jinshan Zhao

Intensive production can cause immunological stress in commercial broilers. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) regulates the intestinal microbiota, barrier function, and immune function in chickens. As complex interrelations regulate the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, the host, and diverse health outcomes, the aim of this study was to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanisms of CGA using multi-omics approaches. A total of 240 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 CGA levels (0 or 500 mg/kg) either with or without dexamethasone (DEX) injection for a 21-day experimental period. Therefore, there were 4 dietary treatments: control, DEX, CGA, and DEX + CGA, with 6 replicates per treatment. CGA supplementation improved (P < 0.05) growth performance, jejunal morphology, jejunal barrier function, and immune function in DEX-treated broilers. Moreover, in DEX + CGA-treated broilers, the increase in gut microbiome diversity (P < 0.05) was consistent with a change in taxonomic composition, especially in the Clostridiales vadin BB60_group. Additionally, the levels of short-chain fatty acids increased remarkably (P < 0.01) after CGA supplementation. This was consistent with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results that the “pyruvate fermentation to butanoate” pathway was more enriched (P < 0.01) in the DEX + CGA group than in the DEX group. Proteomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of several health-promoting proteins, thymosin beta (TMSB4X) and legumain (LGMN), which were verified by multiple reaction monitoring. Metabolomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of health-promoting metabolites (2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid and homogentisic acid). Proteomic and metabolic analyses showed that CGA treatment regulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Western blotting results support these findings. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed correlations (P < 0.01) between altered immune function, jejunal barrier function, different microbiota, proteins, and metabolites parameters. Overall, our data indicate that CGA treatment increased growth performance and improved the immunological functions of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota and the PPAR and MAPK pathways. The results offer novel insights into a CGA-mediated improvement in immune function and intestinal health.

集约生产会导致商品肉鸡的免疫应激。绿原酸(CGA)调节鸡的肠道微生物群、屏障功能和免疫功能。由于复杂的相互关系调节肠道微生物群、宿主和不同健康结果之间的动态相互作用,本研究的目的是使用多组学方法阐明CGA的免疫调节机制。将240只一日龄雄性肉鸡分为2×2析因设计,2个CGA水平(0或500mg/kg),注射或不注射地塞米松(DEX),为期21天。因此,有4个日粮处理:对照、DEX、CGA和DEX+CGA,每个处理有6个重复。添加CGA改善了(P<;0.05)DEX处理肉鸡的生长性能、空肠形态、空肠屏障功能和免疫功能。此外,在DEX+CGA处理的肉鸡中,肠道微生物组多样性的增加(P<;0.05)与分类学组成的变化一致,尤其是在梭状芽孢杆菌-vadin BB60_组中。此外,补充CGA后,短链脂肪酸的水平显著增加(P<0.01)。这与京都基因和基因组百科全书的分析结果一致,即DEX+CGA组中的“丙酮酸发酵到丁酸”途径比DEX组中更富集(P<;0.01)。蛋白质组学显示,CGA治疗增加了几种促进健康的蛋白质,胸腺肽β(TMSB4X)和legumain(LGMN)的表达,这些蛋白质已通过多种反应监测得到验证。代谢组学显示,CGA处理增加了健康促进代谢产物(2,4-二羟基苯甲酸和匀浆酸)的表达。蛋白质组学和代谢分析表明,CGA处理调节过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径。蛋白质印迹结果支持这些发现。Pearson相关性分析显示,免疫功能改变、空肠屏障功能、不同微生物群、蛋白质和代谢产物参数之间存在相关性(P<;0.01)。总体而言,我们的数据表明,CGA处理通过调节肠道微生物群以及PPAR和MAPK途径,提高了DEX处理肉鸡的生长性能,并改善了其免疫功能。这一结果为CGA介导的免疫功能和肠道健康改善提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Endogenous mucin conveyed to the mucosa with microbes can assure lumen fermentation and large intestinal security–swine versus fowl 与微生物一起输送到粘膜的内源性粘蛋白可以确保管腔发酵和大肠安全——猪与鸡
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.010
Edwin T. Moran , Michael R. Bedford

Endogenous protein leaving the ileum largely consists of accrued mucins from the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that had resisted digestion. The amounts released rely on their mucosal generation during enteral feeding which vary with age as well as diet. These digestion resistant proteins of endogenous origin continue to be unavailable in the large intestine, whereas those of dietary origin provide amino acids that largely support the existing microbial population while denying limited amounts for absorption. Other mucins pre-exist within the large intestine as two layers at the lumen surface. A loose layer harboring a diverse microbial population is superimposed on the unstirred water layer (USWL) which simultaneously acts as an obstacle to microbes at the loose layer while performing as a molecular sieve for nutrients. The USWL is formed through interplay between enterocyte and goblet cells; however, the basis for presence of the loose layer is elusive. Large intestinal fermentation predominates within the colon of swine, whereas fowl employ their ceca. Motility within the colon of swine segregates fine materials into haustrae out-pocketings that parallel their placement within the ceca of fowl. Viscous mucins from small intestinal endogenous losses may envelop microbes within the large intestinal lumen to present successive adherents on the USWL that assemble its loose layer. The loose layer continually functions as a microbial reservoir in support of lumen fermentation. Microbial catabolism of mucin within the loose layer is known to be slow, but its proximity to the enterocyte is of advantage to enterocyte absorption with by-product amino acids fostering the USWL.

离开回肠的内源性蛋白质主要由上消化道(GIT)积聚的粘蛋白组成,这些粘蛋白抵抗消化。释放的量取决于肠内喂养期间的粘膜生成,肠内喂养随年龄和饮食的不同而变化。这些内源性抗消化蛋白在大肠中仍然不可用,而膳食来源的蛋白质提供的氨基酸在很大程度上支持现有的微生物种群,同时拒绝有限的吸收量。其他粘蛋白以两层形式预先存在于大肠内的管腔表面。含有不同微生物种群的松散层叠加在未固化水层(USWL)上,该未固化水层同时作为松散层微生物的障碍,同时作为营养物质的分子筛。USWL是通过肠细胞和杯状细胞之间的相互作用形成的;然而,松散层存在的基础是难以捉摸的。大肠发酵主要在猪的结肠内进行,而家禽则利用盲肠。猪结肠内的运动性将精细物质分离到吸器外的口袋中,与它们在鸡盲肠内的位置平行。来自小肠内源性损失的粘性粘蛋白可能包裹大肠腔内的微生物,在USWL上形成连续的粘附物,组装其松散层。松散层持续发挥微生物库的作用,支持管腔发酵。粘蛋白在松散层内的微生物分解代谢是缓慢的,但其靠近肠细胞有利于肠细胞吸收,副产物氨基酸促进USWL。
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引用次数: 0
Sodium butyrate promotes gastrointestinal development of preweaning bull calves via inhibiting inflammation, balancing nutrient metabolism, and optimizing microbial community functions 丁酸钠通过抑制炎症、平衡营养代谢和优化微生物群落功能促进断奶前小牛胃肠道发育
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004
Huiyue Zhong , Wenjing Yu , Min Wang , Bo Lin , Xuezhao Sun , Nan Zheng , Jiaqi Wang , Shengguo Zhao

Butyrate promotes the growth and gastrointestinal development of calves. But, the mechanisms behind its effects on signaling pathways of the gastrointestinal tract and rumen microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to reveal transcriptomic pathways of gastrointestinal epithelium and microbial community in response to butyrate supplementation in calves fed a high fiber starter. Fourteen Holstein bull calves (39.9 ± 3.7 kg, 14 d of age) were assigned to 2 groups (sodium butyrate group, SB; control group, Ctrl). The SB group received 0.5% SB supplementation. At d 51, the calves were slaughtered to obtain samples for analysis of the transcriptome of the rumen and jejunum epithelium as well as ruminal microbial metagenome. Sodium butyrate supplementation resulted in a higher performance in average daily gain and development of jejunum and rumen papillae. In both the rumen and jejunum epithelium, SB down-regulated pathways related to inflammation including NF-κB (PPKCB, CXCL8, CXCL12), interleukin-17 (IL17A, IL17B, MMP9), and chemokine (CXCL12, CCL4, CCL8) and up-regulated immune pathways including the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (CD28). Meanwhile, in the jejunum epithelium, SB regulated pathways related to nutritional metabolism including nitrogen metabolism (CA1, CA2, CA3), synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (HMGCS2, BDH1, LOC100295719), fat digestion and absorption (PLA2G2F, APOA1, APOA4), and the PPAR signaling pathway (FABP4, FABP6, CYP4A11). The metagenome showed that SB greatly increased the relative abundance of Bacillus subtilis and Eubacterium limosum, activated ruminal microbial carbohydrate metabolism pathways and increased the abundance of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. In conclusion, butyrate exhibited promoting effects on growth and gastrointestinal development by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immunity and energy harvesting, and activating microbial carbohydrate metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of butyrate in calf nutrition.

丁酸盐能促进小牛的生长和胃肠道发育。但是,它对胃肠道和瘤胃微生物组的信号通路产生影响的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在揭示喂食高纤维发酵剂的小牛胃肠道上皮和微生物群落对丁酸盐补充的反应的转录组学途径。14头荷斯坦公牛(39.9±3.7 kg,14日龄)分为2组(丁酸钠组,SB;对照组,Ctrl)。SB组补充0.5%的SB。在第51天,屠宰小牛以获得用于分析瘤胃和空肠上皮转录组以及瘤胃微生物宏基因组的样本。补充丁酸钠可提高空肠和瘤胃乳头的平均日增重和发育性能。在瘤胃和空肠上皮中,SB下调与炎症相关的途径,包括NF-κB(PPKCB、CXCL8、CXCL12)、白细胞介素17(IL17A、IL17B、MMP9)和趋化因子(CXCL12、CCL4、CCL8),并上调免疫途径,包括免疫球蛋白A(IgA)产生的肠道免疫网络(CD28)。同时,在空肠上皮中,SB调节与营养代谢相关的途径,包括氮代谢(CA1、CA2、CA3)、酮体的合成和降解(HMGCS2、BDH1、LOC100295719)、脂肪消化和吸收(PLA2G2F、APOA1、APOA4)和PPAR信号通路(FABP4、FABP6、CYP4A11)。宏基因组分析表明,SB显著提高了枯草芽孢杆菌和真杆菌的相对丰度,激活了瘤胃微生物的碳水化合物代谢途径,增加了碳水化合物水解酶的丰度。总之,丁酸盐通过抑制炎症、增强免疫力和能量收集以及激活微生物碳水化合物代谢,对生长和胃肠道发育具有促进作用。这些发现为丁酸盐对小牛营养有益作用背后的潜在机制提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of restricted feeding on hen performance, egg quality and organ characteristics of individual laying hens 限制性饲养对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及器官特性的影响
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.001
Doreen O. Anene , Yeasmin Akter , Peter C. Thomson , Peter Groves , Cormac J. O'Shea

This study was to assess the impact of permanent or temporary restricted feeding on laying hen production traits, physiology, and egg quality. Two hundred and forty individually housed ISA Brown hens were monitored across 2 phases, assigned to 3 treatments: ad libitum feeding (ALF), temporary restricted feeding (TRF) and permanent restricted feeding (PRF), n = 80 hens per treatment. In Phase 1 (P1), 22 to 40 weeks, the TRF and PRF hens were offered 115 g of feed daily. In Phase 2 (P2), 41 to 46 weeks, the TRF hens were transitioned to ALF status while the ALF and PRF hens remained as in P1. From 35 to 40 weeks, eggs were collected once weekly from 15 hens per treatment and assessed for differences in albumen, yolk, and shell variables. At 45 weeks, 10 hens each from the ALF and PRF groups were euthanized and differences in organ characteristics were assessed. In P1, feed intake, feed to egg conversion ratio and body weight (BW) change were lower (P < 0.01), while albumen height and Haugh unit were higher (P < 0.01) in both PRF and TRF hen treatments compared to hens allocated the ALF treatment. In P2, TRF and ALF hens had a higher egg production and egg mass than PRF (P < 0.01) than ALF. Body weight change in P2 was higher in TRF and similar in both ALF and PRF, while feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in TRF followed by ALF and least in the PRF treatment group (P < 0.01). At 45 weeks ALF hens had a greater abdominal fat pad weight and fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome lesion score compared to PRF. Restricting hens to 115 g of feed per day from point of lay restrained BW, improved feed conversion ratio and albumen quality and reduced abdominal fat pad deposition and clinical signs of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in individually housed laying hens.

本研究旨在评估永久或临时限制饲养对蛋鸡生产性状、生理和蛋品质的影响。对240只单独饲养的ISA Brown母鸡进行了2个阶段的监测,分为3个处理:随意饲养(ALF)、临时限制饲养(TRF)和永久限制饲养(PRF),每个处理n=80只。在第1阶段(P1),22至40周,每天向TRF和PRF母鸡提供115克饲料。在第2阶段(P2),即41至46周,TRF母鸡转变为ALF状态,而ALF和PRF母鸡保持在P1状态。从35到40周,每处理15只母鸡,每周采集一次鸡蛋,并评估蛋白、蛋黄和蛋壳变量的差异。在45周时,分别对ALF和PRF组的10只母鸡实施安乐死,并评估器官特征的差异。在P1中,与分配ALF处理的母鸡相比,PRF和TRF处理的鸡的采食量、料蛋转化率和体重(BW)变化较低(P<;0.01),而蛋白高度和Haugh单位较高(P<:0.01)。在P2中,TRF和ALF母鸡比PRF具有更高的蛋产量和蛋质量(P<;0.01)。P2的体重变化在TRF中更高,在ALF和PRF中相似,而TRF中的采食量和饲料转化率更高,其次是ALF,在PRF治疗组中最低(P<;0.01)。在45周时,与PRF相比,ALF母鸡的腹部脂肪垫重量和脂肪肝出血综合征病变评分更高。从产蛋限制体重的角度来看,将母鸡限制在每天115克饲料,提高了饲料转化率和蛋白质量,减少了单独饲养的蛋鸡腹部脂肪垫沉积和脂肪肝出血综合征的临床症状。
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引用次数: 2
Dietary lysozyme improves growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets 日粮溶菌酶改善断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道屏障功能
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.003
Yuying Wu , Bei Cheng , Longxiang Ji , Xiangyun Lv , Yingying Feng , Liu’an Li , Xin Wu

Lysozyme (LZ) is a purely natural, nonpolluting and nonspecific immune factor, which has beneficial effects on the healthy development of animals. In this study, the influences of LZ on the growth performance and intestinal barrier of weaned piglets were studied. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire, 22 d old) were randomly divided into a control group (basal diet) and a LZ group (0.1% LZ diet) for 19 d. The results showed that LZ could significantly improve the average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05). LZ also improved the intestinal morphology and significantly increased the expression of occludin in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In addition, LZ down-regulated the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, P < 0.05), and inhibited the expression of the genes in the nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-κB, P < 0.05) signaling pathway. More importantly, the analysis of intestinal flora showed LZ increased the abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05) and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (P = 0.09) at the phylum level, and increased the abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (P < 0.05) and reduced the abundance of Olsenella and Prevotella (P < 0.05) at the genus level. In short, this study proved that LZ could effectively improve the growth performance, relieve inflammation and improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. These findings provided an important theoretical basis for the application of LZ in pig production.

溶菌酶(LZ)是一种纯天然、无污染、非特异性的免疫因子,对动物的健康发育具有有益作用。研究了LZ对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道屏障的影响。将48头断奶仔猪(Landrace×Yorkshire,22日龄)随机分为对照组(基础日粮)和LZ组(0.1%LZ日粮),共19 d。结果表明,LZ能显著提高平均日增重(ADG,P<;0.05)和平均日采食量(ADFI,P>;0.05)。LZ还能改善肠道形态,显著增加空肠occludin的表达(P<;05),LZ下调白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β,P<;0.05)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α,P<!0.05)的表达,并抑制核因子-κB信号通路中基因的表达。更重要的是,肠道菌群分析显示,LZ在门水平上增加了厚壁菌门的丰度(P<;0.05)和厚壁菌与拟杆菌门的比例(P=0.09),在属水平上增加梭状芽孢杆菌_sensustricto_1的丰度(P/lt;0.05;)并降低了Olsenella和Prevotella的丰度(P<;0.05)。总之,本研究证明LZ能有效改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,减轻炎症,改善肠道屏障功能。这些发现为LZ在生猪生产中的应用提供了重要的理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations 非结合氨基酸内含物和淀粉蛋白消化动力学对两种粗蛋白浓度小麦饲粮肉鸡生长性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.013
Shemil P. Macelline , Michael T. Kidd , Peter V. Chrystal , Mehdi Toghyani , Peter H. Selle , Sonia Y. Liu

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of non-bound amino acid (NBAA) in standard and reduced-crude protein (CP), wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler chickens. Dietary treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg CP. The 210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or 55.5 g/kg NBAA. The formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive dynamics. Each of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of 15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 chickens. Growth performance, relative abdominal fat-pad weights, breast muscle and leg shank yields were determined. Ileal starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients, disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were defined. Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days post-hatch. The transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3% (1742 versus 1964 g/bird) and FCR by 10.4% (1.606 versus 1.455), although both parameters were subject to treatment interactions. The treatment interaction (P < 0.001) observed for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly improved FCR by 4.17% (1.424 versus 1.486) in birds offered 210 g/kg CP diets, but significantly depressed FCR by 3.36% (1.632 versus 1.579) in 180 g/kg CP diets. A quadratic relationship (r = 0.860; P < 0.001) between dietary NBAA inclusions and FCR was detected, which indicated that when NBAA inclusions exceed 18.5 g/kg efficiency of feed conversion deteriorated. However, a multiple linear regression (r = 0.913; P < 0.001) was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:protein ratios were significantly (P < 0.001) related to FCR. This relationship indicates that growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets is strongly influenced by dietary NBAA inclusions coupled with dietary starch:protein ratios and consideration is given to the possible underlying mechanisms.

本试验的主要目的是研究标准饲粮、降低粗蛋白质饲粮和小麦饲粮中非结合氨基酸(NBAA)含量高低对肉鸡生长性能的影响。饲粮按210或180 g/kg粗蛋白质配制,210 g/kg粗蛋白质饲粮中NBAA含量为12.1或21.1 g/kg, 180 g/kg粗蛋白质饲粮中NBAA含量为44.0或55.5 g/kg。不同配方还会产生不同的饲粮淀粉与蛋白质比例,从而影响淀粉-蛋白质消化动力学。4种饲粮处理中,每组7个重复,每组15只鸡,孵化后14 ~ 35 d饲养,共420只雄性罗斯308鸡。测定生长性能、相对腹部脂肪垫重量、胸肌和腿胫产量。测定回肠淀粉和蛋白质(N)消化率系数、消失率和淀粉与蛋白质的消失率比。在孵化后35 d测定16种氨基酸的表观回肠消化率系数和消失率,在孵化后34 d测定20种氨基酸在全身血浆中的游离浓度。从210 g/kg CP饲粮过渡到180 g/kg CP饲粮,使增重降低11.3% (1742 g/kg对1964 g/kg),饲料转化率降低10.4% (1.606 g/kg对1.455 g/kg),尽管这两个参数都受到处理相互作用的影响。治疗相互作用(P <这是因为在210 g/kg CP饲粮中,高NBAA含量显著提高了4.17%(1.424比1.486),而在180 g/kg CP饲粮中,高NBAA含量显著降低了3.36%(1.632比1.579)。二次元关系(r = 0.860;P & lt;饲粮NBAA夹杂物与饲料转化率之间的差异为0.001),说明当NBAA夹杂物超过18.5 g/kg时,饲料转化效率下降。然而,多元线性回归(r = 0.913;P & lt;0.001),其中NBAA包涵体和分析的膳食淀粉:蛋白质比显著(P <0.001),与FCR相关。由此可见,小麦基饲粮中NBAA添加量与淀粉/蛋白质比对肉鸡生长性能有显著影响,并考虑了可能的影响机制。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Transparent Testa8 (TT8) gene and Homeobox12 (HB12) gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy, degradation, and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems 透明Testa8(TT8)基因和Homeobox12(HB12)基因沉默对反刍动物系统中能量、降解和发酵特性相关分子结构谱的影响
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010
Yaogeng Lei , Abdelali Hannoufa , Peiqiang Yu

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization. Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8 (TT8) and Homeobox12 (HB12), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of TT8 (TT8i) and HB12 (HB12i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content, bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants (5 TT8i and 11 HB12i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control. Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the HB12i had higher lignin, while TT8i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the HB12i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the TT8 and HB12 genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the HB12 gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.

苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)是一种豆科牧草,因其生物量高、营养价值高而被广泛种植。然而,苜蓿含有相对较高的木质素,这限制了其利用。已经提出下调两种转录因子,透明Testa8(TT8)和Homeobox12(HB12),以降低苜蓿中的木质素含量。因此,通过RNAi技术实现了苜蓿中TT8(TT8i)和HB12(HB12i)的沉默。该项目的目的是通过沉默苜蓿植物中的TT8和HB12基因来确定基因修饰对木质素和酚含量、生物能值、瘤胃可降解和不可降解组分的营养供应以及响应苜蓿中TT8和HB12基因沉默的体外氨生产的影响。所有基因沉默的苜蓿植株(5株TT8i和11株HB12i)均在温室条件下以野生型为对照生长。分析了反刍动物系统中的生物活性化合物、降解组分、真正可消化的营养物质、能量值和体外氨生成。此外,利用振动分子光谱法确定了理化、代谢和发酵特性与分子光谱参数之间的关系。结果表明,HB12i具有较高的木质素含量,而TT8i则具有较高的酚类物质含量。两种沉默基因型都具有较高的瘤胃慢降解碳水化合物组分和真正可消化的中性洗涤纤维,但瘤胃可降解蛋白质组分较低。此外,与其他沉默基因型相比,HB12i的真正可消化粗蛋白、能量值和氨产量较低。此外,与苜蓿的营养价值相关,结构碳水化合物参数呈负相关,而蛋白质结构中的α/β比率呈正相关。此外,从分子光谱参数中获得了对蛋白质和碳水化合物组分的降解以及能量值的良好预测。总之,TT8和HB12基因的沉默降低了蛋白质的有效性,增加了纤维的有效性。HB12基因的沉默也增加了木质素,降低了能量和瘤胃氨的产生。此外,营养变化与分子光谱参数密切相关。因此,通过沉默苜蓿中的TT8和HB12基因进行基因修饰会影响苜蓿的理化、代谢和发酵特性。
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引用次数: 1
High rumen degradable starch diet induced blood bile acids profile changes and hepatic inflammatory response in dairy goats 高瘤胃可降解淀粉日粮诱导奶山羊血液胆汁酸谱变化和肝脏炎症反应。
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.008
Lixin Zheng , Jing Shen , Xiaoying Han , Chunjia Jin , Xiaodong Chen , Junhu Yao

The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of rumen degradable starch (RDS) on bile acid metabolism and liver transcription in dairy goats using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Eighteen Guanzhong dairy goats of a similar weight and production level (body weight = 45.8 ± 1.54 kg, milk yield = 1.75 ± 0.08 kg, and second parity) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups where they were fed a low RDS (LRDS, RDS = 20.52% DM) diet, medium RDS (MRDS, RDS = 22.15% DM) diet, or high RDS (HRDS, RDS = 24.88% DM) diet, respectively. The goats were fed with the experimental diets for 5 weeks. On the last day of the experiment, all goats were anesthetized, and peripheral blood and liver tissue samples were collected. The peripheral blood samples were used in metabolomic analysis and white blood cell (WBC) count, whereas the liver tissue samples were used in transcriptomic analysis. Based on the metabolomics results, the relative abundances of primary bile acids in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced in the group that was fed the HRDS diet (P < 0.05). The WBC count was significantly increased in the HRDS group compared with that in the LRDS and MRDS groups (P < 0.01), indicating that there was inflammation in the HRDS group. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 4 genes related to bile acid secretion (genes: MDR1, RXRα, AE2, SULT2A1) were significantly downregulated in the HRDS group. In addition, genes related to the immune response were upregulated in the HRDS group, suggesting the HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response mediated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (gene: LBP), activated the Toll-like receptor 4 binding (genes: S100A8, S100A9) and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (genes: LOC106503980, LOC108638497, CD40, LOC102180880, LOC102170970, LOC102175177, LBP, LOC102168903, LOC102185461, LY96 and CXCL8), triggered inflammation and complement responses (genes: C1QB, C1QC, and CFD). The HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response may be mediated by activating the Toll-like receptor 4 binding and NF-kappa B signaling pathway after free LPS entered the liver. The changes of bile acids profile in blood and the down-regulation of 4 key genes (MDR1, RXRα, AE2, SULT2A1) involved in bile secretion in liver are probably related to liver inflammation.

本研究的目的是利用代谢组学和转录组学揭示瘤胃可降解淀粉(RDS)对奶山羊胆汁酸代谢和肝脏转录的影响。将18只体重和生产水平相似(体重=45.8±1.54kg,产奶量=1.75±0.08kg,二产)的关中奶山羊随机分为3个处理组,分别饲喂低RDS(LRDS,RDS=20.52%DM)日粮、中RDS(MRDS,RDD=22.15%DM)日食或高RDS(HRDS,RDS=24.88%DM)日餐。用实验日粮喂养山羊5周。在实验的最后一天,将所有山羊麻醉,并采集外周血和肝组织样本。外周血样本用于代谢组学分析和白细胞计数,而肝组织样本用于转录组学分析。根据代谢组学结果,在喂食HRDS饮食的组中,外周血中初级胆汁酸的相对丰度显著降低(P MDR1、RXRα、AE2、SULT2A1)在HRDS组中显著下调。此外,与免疫反应相关的基因在HRDS组中上调,表明HRDS饮食诱导了由脂多糖(LPS)介导的肝脏炎症反应(基因:LBP),激活Toll样受体4结合(基因:S100A8、S100A9)和NF-κB信号通路(基因:LOC106503980、LOC108638497、CD40、LOC102180880、LOC102170970、LOC102175177、LBP、LOC102168903、LOC102185461、LY96和CXCL8),触发炎症和补体反应(基因:C1QB、C1QC和CFD)。HRDS饮食诱导的肝脏炎症反应可以通过在游离LPS进入肝脏后激活Toll样受体4结合和NF-κB信号通路来介导。血液中胆汁酸谱的变化和参与肝脏胆汁分泌的4个关键基因(MDR1、RXRα、AE2、SULT2A1)的下调可能与肝脏炎症有关。
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引用次数: 0
Host gut-derived Bacillus probiotics supplementation improves growth performance, serum and liver immunity, gut health, and resistive capacity against Vibrio harveyi infection in hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus) 宿主肠道来源的芽孢杆菌益生菌补充剂可改善杂交石斑鱼的生长性能、血清和肝脏免疫、肠道健康以及抵抗哈维氏弧菌感染的能力(♀富氏石斑鱼×♂柳叶石斑鱼
IF 6.3 Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005
Kwaku Amoah , Beiping Tan , Shuang Zhang , Shuyan Chi , Qihui Yang , Hongyu Liu , Yuanzhi Yang , Haitao Zhang , Xiaohui Dong
<div><p>Several reports have revealed the vital role that probiotics play in fish growth and health. However, few works are available for host gut-derived probiotics on the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of fish, especially in hybrid grouper (♀<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em> × ♂<em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>) due to their isolation difficulty and functional verification. This study aimed at assessing 3 host gut-derived <em>Bacillus</em> species' effects on the growth, immune and antioxidant-biochemical responses, haematological parameters, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> in hybrid grouper. A total of 480 hybrid grouper (initial weight = 9.03 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allotted into 4 groups, namely, the group fed a basal diet without probiotic inclusion (control, B0), the group fed the basal diet with <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> GPSAK4 (BV), the group fed the basal diet with <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> GPSAK9 (BS), and the group fed the basal diet with <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> GPSAK2 (BT) strains at 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g. After a 6-week feeding trial, the results revealed significant improvements (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in the growth performance, whole fish-body proximate composition, blood haematological parameters, serum, liver, and intestinal biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and protection against <em>V</em>. <em>harveyi</em> pathogen in the probiotic-treated groups compared with the untreated. Additionally, the expressions of intestinal tight junction genes (occludin and <em>ZO1</em>), pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, including <em>IL1β</em>, <em>IL6</em>, <em>IL8</em>, <em>TNFα</em>, <em>MyD88</em>, <em>IL10</em>, and <em>TGFβ</em>, were upregulated (<em>P</em> < 0.05) after <em>Bacillus</em> species administration. Host gut-derived <em>Bacillus</em> supplementation shaped the gut microbiota by significantly increasing (<em>P</em> < 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria (except the BS group), Acidobacteria (except the BT group), Cyanobacteria (except the BV and BT groups), and Verrucomicrobia phyla, as well as known beneficial genera (<em>Romboutsia</em>, <em>Turicibacter</em>, <em>Epulopiscium</em>, <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto</em> 1 and 13, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and <em>Bacillus</em>), but significantly decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Fusobacteria phyla, and purported pathogenic genera (<em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Photobacterium</em>) compared with the control group. Collectively, the results suggest that <em>B</em>. <em>velezensis</em> GPSAK4, <em>B</em>. <em>subtilis</em> GPSAK9 (especially this strain), <em>B</em>. <em>tequilensis</em> GPSAK2 dietary supplementation at 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g has positive effects on the intestinal health of hybrid grouper via microbial composition modulation, thus enhancing the as
一些报告揭示了益生菌在鱼类生长和健康中的重要作用。然而,宿主肠道来源的益生菌对鱼类的生长、免疫和肠道微生物群的研究很少,尤其是在杂交石斑鱼中(♀富氏石斑鱼×♂由于其分离困难和功能验证。本研究旨在评估3种宿主肠道来源的芽孢杆菌对杂交石斑鱼生长、免疫和抗氧化生化反应、血液学参数、肠道形态、免疫相关基因表达、肠道微生物群和对哈维氏弧菌的抗病性的影响。将480条杂交石斑鱼(初始体重=9.03±0.02g)随机分为4组,即:基础日粮不含益生菌的组(对照组,B0)、基础日粮中添加威氏芽孢杆菌GPSAK4(BV)的组、,该组在基础日粮中以1.0×109CFU/g的浓度饲喂龙舌兰杆菌GPSAK2(BT)菌株。经过6周的饲养试验,结果显示,生长性能、全身接近成分、血液学参数、血清、肝脏和肠道生化指标、肠道形态、,以及与未处理组相比,益生菌处理组对哈维氏弧菌病原体的保护作用。此外,肠道紧密连接基因(occludin和ZO1)、促炎和抗炎基因,包括IL1β、IL6、IL8、TNFα、MyD88、IL10和TGFβ的表达在给予芽孢杆菌后上调(P<;0.05)。宿主肠道来源的芽孢杆菌补充通过显著增加(P<;0.05)变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门(BS组除外)、不动杆菌门(BT组除外)和蓝细菌门(BV和BT组除外,以及已知的有益属(Romboutsia、Turicibacter、Epulopiscium、Clostridium_sensustricto 1和13、乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌),但与对照组相比,厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门和梭杆菌门以及所谓的致病属(葡萄球菌和光细菌)的丰度显著降低(P<;0.05)。总之,研究结果表明,1.0×109CFU/g的B.velezensis GPSAK4、B.subtilis GPSAK9(尤其是该菌株)和B.tequilensis GPSAK2日粮补充剂通过调节微生物组成对杂交石斑鱼的肠道健康有积极影响,从而增强营养物质的同化和吸收,促进鱼类的生长、免疫和抗病能力。
{"title":"Host gut-derived Bacillus probiotics supplementation improves growth performance, serum and liver immunity, gut health, and resistive capacity against Vibrio harveyi infection in hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Kwaku Amoah ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several reports have revealed the vital role that probiotics play in fish growth and health. However, few works are available for host gut-derived probiotics on the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of fish, especially in hybrid grouper (♀&lt;em&gt;Epinephelus fuscoguttatus&lt;/em&gt; × ♂&lt;em&gt;Epinephelus lanceolatus&lt;/em&gt;) due to their isolation difficulty and functional verification. This study aimed at assessing 3 host gut-derived &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; species' effects on the growth, immune and antioxidant-biochemical responses, haematological parameters, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against &lt;em&gt;Vibrio harveyi&lt;/em&gt; in hybrid grouper. A total of 480 hybrid grouper (initial weight = 9.03 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allotted into 4 groups, namely, the group fed a basal diet without probiotic inclusion (control, B0), the group fed the basal diet with &lt;em&gt;Bacillus velezensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK4 (BV), the group fed the basal diet with &lt;em&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK9 (BS), and the group fed the basal diet with &lt;em&gt;Bacillus tequilensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK2 (BT) strains at 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/g. After a 6-week feeding trial, the results revealed significant improvements (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) in the growth performance, whole fish-body proximate composition, blood haematological parameters, serum, liver, and intestinal biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and protection against &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;harveyi&lt;/em&gt; pathogen in the probiotic-treated groups compared with the untreated. Additionally, the expressions of intestinal tight junction genes (occludin and &lt;em&gt;ZO1&lt;/em&gt;), pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, including &lt;em&gt;IL1β&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IL6&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IL8&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;TNFα&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;MyD88&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IL10&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;TGFβ&lt;/em&gt;, were upregulated (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) after &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; species administration. Host gut-derived &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; supplementation shaped the gut microbiota by significantly increasing (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria (except the BS group), Acidobacteria (except the BT group), Cyanobacteria (except the BV and BT groups), and Verrucomicrobia phyla, as well as known beneficial genera (&lt;em&gt;Romboutsia&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Turicibacter&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Epulopiscium&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Clostridium_sensu_stricto&lt;/em&gt; 1 and 13, &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt;), but significantly decreased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Fusobacteria phyla, and purported pathogenic genera (&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Photobacterium&lt;/em&gt;) compared with the control group. Collectively, the results suggest that &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;velezensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK4, &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;subtilis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK9 (especially this strain), &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;tequilensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK2 dietary supplementation at 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/g has positive effects on the intestinal health of hybrid grouper via microbial composition modulation, thus enhancing the as","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 163-184"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Animal Nutrition
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