S. Karumuri, J. Vijayasekhar, V. Rao, G. Srinivas, A. Hanumaiah
Using the Lie algebraic method the vibrational frequencies of 97 resonances Raman lines (A1g + B1g + A2g + B2g) and 38 infrared bands (Eu) of octaethylporphyrinato-Ni (II) and its mesodeuterated and 15N-substituted derivates and Fullerenes C60 and Cv70 of 7 vibrational bands are calculated using U(2) algebraic Hamiltonian with four fitting algebraic parameters. The results obtained by the algebraic technique have been compared with experimental data; and they show great accuracy.
采用李代数方法计算了八烷基卟啉- ni (II)及其中氘化衍生物和15n取代衍生物的97个共振拉曼谱线(A1g + B1g + A2g + B2g)和38个红外谱带(Eu)的振动频率，并用U(2)代数哈密顿算子计算了7个谱带中富勒烯C60和Cv70的振动频率。用代数方法得到的结果与实验数据进行了比较;它们显示出很高的准确性。
{"title":"Vibrational spectra of distorted structure Macro & Nano molecules: An algebraic approach","authors":"S. Karumuri, J. Vijayasekhar, V. Rao, G. Srinivas, A. Hanumaiah","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.33031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.33031","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Lie algebraic method the vibrational frequencies of 97 resonances Raman lines (A1g + B1g + A2g + B2g) and 38 infrared bands (Eu) of octaethylporphyrinato-Ni (II) and its mesodeuterated and 15N-substituted derivates and Fullerenes C60 and Cv70 of 7 vibrational bands are calculated using U(2) algebraic Hamiltonian with four fitting algebraic parameters. The results obtained by the algebraic technique have been compared with experimental data; and they show great accuracy.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"03 1","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to find out the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) 50 Hz - 10 mT on the rat electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the rat brain cortex and from the skull surface. The rats were, whole body, exposed to this EMF intensity one hour daily for 7 days. Recovery study was done after one week from stopping the EMF exposure. The effects of the filed were estimated by compression of the averaged EEG frequency spectra in the range of frequencies between 0.2 - 0.7 Hz and by comparison of amplitude of EEG waves in control, exposed to EMF and recovery animals. Statistically significant effects of EMF were observed both in EEG amplitude and power reduction at most EEG frequencies. Also, noticeable variations were observed in normal values of maximum amplitude and number of successive EEG epochs recorded from brain and skull surfaces after exposure to ELF magnetic fields. These results show that a weak low EMF can influence the spontaneous electrical rat brain activity in the animals subjected to the EMF.
{"title":"The low frequency electromagnetic field on the rat EEG","authors":"S. Sallam","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.33026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.33026","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to find out the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) 50 Hz - 10 mT on the rat electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the rat brain cortex and from the skull surface. The rats were, whole body, exposed to this EMF intensity one hour daily for 7 days. Recovery study was done after one week from stopping the EMF exposure. The effects of the filed were estimated by compression of the averaged EEG frequency spectra in the range of frequencies between 0.2 - 0.7 Hz and by comparison of amplitude of EEG waves in control, exposed to EMF and recovery animals. Statistically significant effects of EMF were observed both in EEG amplitude and power reduction at most EEG frequencies. Also, noticeable variations were observed in normal values of maximum amplitude and number of successive EEG epochs recorded from brain and skull surfaces after exposure to ELF magnetic fields. These results show that a weak low EMF can influence the spontaneous electrical rat brain activity in the animals subjected to the EMF.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yamaguchi, T. Akitaya, Y. Kidachi, K. Kamiie, H. Umetsu
Homology modeling and structural analysis of human glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (hGCLC) were performed with a software package the Molecular Operating Environment. A yeast GCLC (yGCLC; PDB code: 3LVV) was selected as a template for the 3D structure modeling of hGCLC. The modeled hGCLC showed significant 3D similarities at the ligand biding site (LBS) to the yGCLC structure. The contact energy profiles of the hGCLC model were in good agreement with those of the yGCLC structure. Ramachandran plots revealed that only 1.4% of the amino acid residues were in the disfavored region for hGCLC. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map of the hGCLC model exhibited that the model was slightly different from the yGCLC model electrostatically at the LBS. Further, docking simulations revealed the similarity of the ligand-receptor bound location between the hGCLC and yGCLC models. The different binding orientations between the glutathione (GSH)-hGCLC and GSH-yGCLC complexes reflected the different MEP maps at the LBSs between the hGCLC and yGCLC models. These results indicate that the hGCLC model was successfully modeled and analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a hGCLC model with detailed analyses, and our data verify that the model can be utilized for application to target hGCLC for the development of anticancer drugs.
{"title":"Homology modeling and structural analysis of human γ-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit for antitumor drug development","authors":"H. Yamaguchi, T. Akitaya, Y. Kidachi, K. Kamiie, H. Umetsu","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.33028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.33028","url":null,"abstract":"Homology modeling and structural analysis of human glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (hGCLC) were performed with a software package the Molecular Operating Environment. A yeast GCLC (yGCLC; PDB code: 3LVV) was selected as a template for the 3D structure modeling of hGCLC. The modeled hGCLC showed significant 3D similarities at the ligand biding site (LBS) to the yGCLC structure. The contact energy profiles of the hGCLC model were in good agreement with those of the yGCLC structure. Ramachandran plots revealed that only 1.4% of the amino acid residues were in the disfavored region for hGCLC. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map of the hGCLC model exhibited that the model was slightly different from the yGCLC model electrostatically at the LBS. Further, docking simulations revealed the similarity of the ligand-receptor bound location between the hGCLC and yGCLC models. The different binding orientations between the glutathione (GSH)-hGCLC and GSH-yGCLC complexes reflected the different MEP maps at the LBSs between the hGCLC and yGCLC models. These results indicate that the hGCLC model was successfully modeled and analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a hGCLC model with detailed analyses, and our data verify that the model can be utilized for application to target hGCLC for the development of anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"238-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ken-ichi Tanaka, T. Nanba, Tomoyuki Furubayashi, Y. Noda, L. Willmore, A. Mori
Zonisamide (ZNS), a commonly used anticonvulsant, scavenged hydroxyl radicals at a clinically relevant concentration. Reactants of ZNS with hydrogen peroxide and with hydrogen peroxide plus UV irradiation, yielding hydroxyl radicals, were analyzed by the LC/MS technique. Many small fragments were found in the both reactions, suggesting that ZNS was decomposed not only by hydroxyl radicals but also by hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, mass-fragment-grams showed that m/z: 213 (ZNS itself) was decreased markedly and m/z: 118 (may be a decomposed product by ring cleavage of ZNS) was detected specifically by treatment with hydroxyl radical. These data suggested that ZNS may react directly with free radicals.
{"title":"Molecular basis of scavenging effect of zonisamide on hydroxyl radical in vitro","authors":"Ken-ichi Tanaka, T. Nanba, Tomoyuki Furubayashi, Y. Noda, L. Willmore, A. Mori","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.33030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.33030","url":null,"abstract":"Zonisamide (ZNS), a commonly used anticonvulsant, scavenged hydroxyl radicals at a clinically relevant concentration. Reactants of ZNS with hydrogen peroxide and with hydrogen peroxide plus UV irradiation, yielding hydroxyl radicals, were analyzed by the LC/MS technique. Many small fragments were found in the both reactions, suggesting that ZNS was decomposed not only by hydroxyl radicals but also by hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, mass-fragment-grams showed that m/z: 213 (ZNS itself) was decreased markedly and m/z: 118 (may be a decomposed product by ring cleavage of ZNS) was detected specifically by treatment with hydroxyl radical. These data suggested that ZNS may react directly with free radicals.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"256-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis is thought to have infected one-third of the world’s population and antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It has been reported that Mycobacterial cell walls are characterized by high DAP (diaminopimelic acid) content—an intermediate of the (S)-lysine biosynthetic pathway. Hence, the Lysine/DAP biosynthetic pathway is a promising target because of its role in cell wall and amino acid biosynthesis. In this study we performed a molecular docking analysis of a novel antibacterial isolated from Streptomyces sps. 201 against dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The docking studies suggest that the novel molecule binds at active site LYS 171 forming a cleft and at other potential ligand binding site exhibiting all the major interactions such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction with (THR55, TYR143, ARG148, LYS171, VAL257 and GLY256) residues.
{"title":"Insilico studies of 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate produced by Streptomyces sps. 201 against dihydrodipicolinate synthase enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"S. P. Singh, R. L. Bezbaruah, T. Bora","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.33027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.33027","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is thought to have infected one-third of the world’s population and antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It has been reported that Mycobacterial cell walls are characterized by high DAP (diaminopimelic acid) content—an intermediate of the (S)-lysine biosynthetic pathway. Hence, the Lysine/DAP biosynthetic pathway is a promising target because of its role in cell wall and amino acid biosynthesis. In this study we performed a molecular docking analysis of a novel antibacterial isolated from Streptomyces sps. 201 against dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The docking studies suggest that the novel molecule binds at active site LYS 171 forming a cleft and at other potential ligand binding site exhibiting all the major interactions such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction with (THR55, TYR143, ARG148, LYS171, VAL257 and GLY256) residues.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"233-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protein structure modeling using a homologous template is one of many routines that accompany the molecular dynamics simulation for biological material. There are currently two protocols of protein modeling available in Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.1, Build Mutants and Build Homology Modeling protocols. Both are template-based modeling, but with a different process. In this study, two different templates, 3CKZ and 274Y, have been used to see how much the differences will be made by those two protocols if the templates has significant percentage of identity. Evaluation of structure models has been performed using DOPE score, 3D-profile, and PROCHECK. The results indicated that Build Mutants Protocols produces more stable structures but has a low reliability values and low quality of stereochemistry when using a template that has a lower percentage of identity. The results also yield more stable, reliable, and higher percentage of residues in most favoured and additionally allowed region for the usage of Build Homology Modeling Protocol on both templates. These observations suggest that Build Homology Modeling protocol is recommended for protein modeling.
使用同源模板的蛋白质结构建模是伴随生物材料分子动力学模拟的许多例程之一。目前在Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.1中有两种蛋白质建模协议，构建突变体和构建同源建模协议。两者都是基于模板的建模，但是过程不同。在本研究中，使用了两个不同的模板，3CKZ和274Y，以查看如果模板具有显著的身份百分比，这两个协议将产生多大的差异。使用DOPE评分、3D-profile和PROCHECK对结构模型进行了评估。结果表明，构建突变体协议产生更稳定的结构，但具有较低的可靠性值和低的立体化学质量，当使用的模板具有较低的同一性百分比。结果还产生了更稳定、可靠和更高的残基百分比，在最有利的区域和额外允许的区域，在两个模板上使用构建同源建模协议。这些观察结果表明，构建同源建模协议是推荐的蛋白质建模。
{"title":"Build mutant and build homology protein structure predictions for indonesian avian influenza neuraminidase","authors":"S. Herlambang, R. Saleh","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.32020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.32020","url":null,"abstract":"Protein structure modeling using a homologous template is one of many routines that accompany the molecular dynamics simulation for biological material. There are currently two protocols of protein modeling available in Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.1, Build Mutants and Build Homology Modeling protocols. Both are template-based modeling, but with a different process. In this study, two different templates, 3CKZ and 274Y, have been used to see how much the differences will be made by those two protocols if the templates has significant percentage of identity. Evaluation of structure models has been performed using DOPE score, 3D-profile, and PROCHECK. The results indicated that Build Mutants Protocols produces more stable structures but has a low reliability values and low quality of stereochemistry when using a template that has a lower percentage of identity. The results also yield more stable, reliable, and higher percentage of residues in most favoured and additionally allowed region for the usage of Build Homology Modeling Protocol on both templates. These observations suggest that Build Homology Modeling protocol is recommended for protein modeling.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. W. Carey, Shakila Tobwala, Xinsheng Zhang, Atrayee Banerjee, N. Ercal, E. Pınarcı, H. Karacal
Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive drug used worldwide, induces oxidative stress in various animal organs. Recent animal studies indicate that methamphetamine also induces oxidative stress in the retina, which is an embryonic extension of the forebrain. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the protecttive effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) against oxidative stress induced by METH in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Our studies showed that NACA protected against METH-induced oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Although METH significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, these returned to control levels with NACA treatment. Overall observations indicated that NACA protected RPE cells against oxidative cell damage and death by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging ROS, increasing levels of intracellular GSH, and maintaining the antioxidant enzyme activity and the integrity of the bloodretinal barrier (BRB). The effectiveness of NACA should be further evaluated to determine its potential for the treatment of numerous retinal diseases caused by oxidative stress.
{"title":"N-acetyl-L-cysteine amide protects retinal pigment epithelium against methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress","authors":"J. W. Carey, Shakila Tobwala, Xinsheng Zhang, Atrayee Banerjee, N. Ercal, E. Pınarcı, H. Karacal","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.32012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.32012","url":null,"abstract":"Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive drug used worldwide, induces oxidative stress in various animal organs. Recent animal studies indicate that methamphetamine also induces oxidative stress in the retina, which is an embryonic extension of the forebrain. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the protecttive effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) against oxidative stress induced by METH in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Our studies showed that NACA protected against METH-induced oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Although METH significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, these returned to control levels with NACA treatment. Overall observations indicated that NACA protected RPE cells against oxidative cell damage and death by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging ROS, increasing levels of intracellular GSH, and maintaining the antioxidant enzyme activity and the integrity of the bloodretinal barrier (BRB). The effectiveness of NACA should be further evaluated to determine its potential for the treatment of numerous retinal diseases caused by oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70900943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gruzdkov, L. V. Gromova, N. Grefner, Y. Komissarchik
Previous studies have shown two components of glucose absorption in the small intestine: a secondary active transport through SGLT1, and unsaturated component, recently attributed mainly to the facilitated diffusion through GLUT2, but the relationship between these two components under physiological conditions remains controversial. In chronic experiments on nonanesthetized rats we investigated for the first time the kinetics of maltose hydrolysis and glucose absorption in the isolated loop of the small intestine in a wide range of maltose and glucose concentrations (25 ÷ 200 mmol/l glucose). The processes were simulated on mathematical models which took into account the current views about mechanisms of hydrolysis and transport of nutrients and geometric characteristics of the intestinal surface. The results of chronic experiments and mathematical simulation have shown that under the close to physiological conditions the glucose transport mediated by SGLT1 is the main mechanism of its absorption in comparison with the unsaturated component. This was demonstrated not only at low, but also at high substrate concentrations. We conclude that correct evaluation of the relative contribution of different mechanisms in glucose transport through the intestinal epithelium requires taking into account the geometric specificities of its surface.
{"title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of glucose absorption in the rat small intestine under physiological conditions","authors":"A. Gruzdkov, L. V. Gromova, N. Grefner, Y. Komissarchik","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.32021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.32021","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown two components of glucose absorption in the small intestine: a secondary active transport through SGLT1, and unsaturated component, recently attributed mainly to the facilitated diffusion through GLUT2, but the relationship between these two components under physiological conditions remains controversial. In chronic experiments on nonanesthetized rats we investigated for the first time the kinetics of maltose hydrolysis and glucose absorption in the isolated loop of the small intestine in a wide range of maltose and glucose concentrations (25 ÷ 200 mmol/l glucose). The processes were simulated on mathematical models which took into account the current views about mechanisms of hydrolysis and transport of nutrients and geometric characteristics of the intestinal surface. The results of chronic experiments and mathematical simulation have shown that under the close to physiological conditions the glucose transport mediated by SGLT1 is the main mechanism of its absorption in comparison with the unsaturated component. This was demonstrated not only at low, but also at high substrate concentrations. We conclude that correct evaluation of the relative contribution of different mechanisms in glucose transport through the intestinal epithelium requires taking into account the geometric specificities of its surface.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kuno, Testuya Tsukamoto, A. Hara, Takuji Tanaka
As cell and tissue homeostasis are mediated by the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, controlling this balance is important for cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention can be achieved by the use of natural, synthetic or biologic compounds that reverse, suppress or prevent the development of epithelial malignancies. Natural compounds including flavonoids are able to reduce oxidative stress, which is the most likely mechanism mediating the protective effects against cancer development. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that flavonoids, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallete (EGCG), quercetin, and curcumin, act by induction of apoptosis. Several natural compounds inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Certain natural products have been shown to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Akt signaling pathways, both of which are known to maintain a homeostatic balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of these natural products will contribute to the development of more specific preventive strategies against cancer development. Here we focus on the ability of natural cancer chemopreventive agents to induce apoptosis, and attempt to provide evidence for the preventive and therapeutic effects of natural compounds, EGCG, quercetin, and curcumin, in a succinct manner highlightingκand Akt signaling pathways in vivo.
{"title":"Cancer chemoprevention through the induction of apoptosis by natural compounds","authors":"T. Kuno, Testuya Tsukamoto, A. Hara, Takuji Tanaka","doi":"10.4236/JBPC.2012.32018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBPC.2012.32018","url":null,"abstract":"As cell and tissue homeostasis are mediated by the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, controlling this balance is important for cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention can be achieved by the use of natural, synthetic or biologic compounds that reverse, suppress or prevent the development of epithelial malignancies. Natural compounds including flavonoids are able to reduce oxidative stress, which is the most likely mechanism mediating the protective effects against cancer development. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that flavonoids, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallete (EGCG), quercetin, and curcumin, act by induction of apoptosis. Several natural compounds inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Certain natural products have been shown to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Akt signaling pathways, both of which are known to maintain a homeostatic balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism of these natural products will contribute to the development of more specific preventive strategies against cancer development. Here we focus on the ability of natural cancer chemopreventive agents to induce apoptosis, and attempt to provide evidence for the preventive and therapeutic effects of natural compounds, EGCG, quercetin, and curcumin, in a succinct manner highlightingκand Akt signaling pathways in vivo.","PeriodicalId":62927,"journal":{"name":"生物物理化学(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"156-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/JBPC.2012.32018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70900981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Baraldi Araujo Restini, Rosana I. Reis, C. Costa-Neto, N. Garcia-Cairasco, José A. Cortes‐de‐Oliveira, L. Bendhack
Epidemiological studies have found that the risk for cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with epilepsy. The Renin Angiontensin System (RAS), an important player in vascular tone control, is also involved in many neurological disorders, including seizures and epilepsy. Although it has been reported that Angiotensin II (Ang II) release and Angiotensin receptors expression are altered in many cerebral areas in patients/animal models with neurological disorders, there are no data on the vascular function. We evaluated Ang I and Ang II-mediated vascular responses and to correlate their contractile responses to the pres- ence of endothelium and the protein levels of components of the RAS (AT1, AT2, Mas and ACE) in aorta isolated from genetically epileptic rats (WAR strain). The major finding was that the vascular contractile response induced by Ang I and Ang II is endothelium-dependent. Ang II induced contractions in aortas from Wistar rats either with intact endothelium (E+) (1.16 ± 0.04 g, n = 6) and endothelium-denuded (E-) (1.24 ± 0.04 g, n = 6). Maximum contractile response (ME) induced by Ang I was lower in Wistar E+ (0.45 ± 0.03 g, n = 6) compared with Wistar E- (1.13 ± 0.08 g, n = 6). Ang I and Ang II failed to induce contraction in WAR E+, whereas the ME induced by Ang I in WAR E- was lower (0.52 ± 0.04 g, n = 11) than in the Wistar. ME induced by Ang II in aortas from WAR was also lower (0.40 ± 0.03 g, n = 11) compared with Wistar. AT1 receptor expression in both E+ WAR and Wistar was lower than in both E- WAR and Wistar. AT2 and Mas receptor expression was higher in Wistar E- and E+ as compared to WAR E- and E+. ACE expression was higher in both E+ WAR and Wistar, but it was lower in both E- WAR and Wistar. Endothelium impairs the contractile response induced by Angiotensin in WAR, suggesting that endothelial relaxing factors play important role on the aorta contraction.
流行病学研究发现，癫痫患者患心血管疾病的风险增加。肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)在血管张力控制中起着重要作用，也参与许多神经系统疾病，包括癫痫和癫痫。虽然有报道称，在神经系统疾病患者/动物模型中，血管紧张素II (Ang II)的释放和血管紧张素受体的表达在许多大脑区域发生改变，但没有关于血管功能的数据。我们评估了Ang I和Ang ii介导的血管反应，并将其收缩反应与内皮的存在和RAS成分(AT1、AT2、Mas和ACE)的蛋白水平联系起来。主要发现是Ang I和Ang II诱导的血管收缩反应是内皮依赖性的。Angⅱ诱导宫缩在主动脉Wistar鼠与完整的内皮细胞(E +)(1.16±0.04 g, n = 6)和endothelium-denuded (E)(1.24±0.04 g, n = 6)。最大收缩引起的响应(我)和我在纯种E +低(0.45±0.03 g, n = 6)与纯种E -(1.13±0.08 g, n = 6)。和我和Angⅱ未能在E +战争,引起收缩而引起和我在战争中E -较低(0.52±0.04 g, n = 11)比纯种。与Wistar相比，Angⅱ对WAR主动脉ME的影响也较低(0.40±0.03 g, n = 11)。AT1受体在E+ WAR和Wistar中的表达均低于E- WAR和Wistar。与WAR E-和E+相比，Wistar E-和E+中AT2和Mas受体的表达更高。ACE在E+ WAR和Wistar中表达较高，在E- WAR和Wistar中表达较低。内皮损害血管紧张素在WAR中诱导的收缩反应，提示内皮松弛因子在主动脉收缩中起重要作用。
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