T. Shankar, R. Suresh, A. Bagubali, S. Shanmugavel
Recently, mobile communication technologies have been developed rapidly. The IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) standard is an emerging technology to support roaming mobility of mobile stations (MSs) in outdoor environment. For MSs powered by batteries, the standard supports power saving mode to conserve battery power meanwhile fulfilling the requirements of quality of services. Regarding to different service types, standard defines three different power saving types for them and each type has its own power saving parameters. In this paper, Broadband wireless access systems usually provide flexible sleep-mode operations for mobile stations to conserve their energy during idle or active mode. For Mobile WiMAX, the IEEE 802.16e, offers several power-saving classes that can be associated with different types of network connections to minimize power consumption of mobile stations.
近年来，移动通信技术得到了迅速发展。IEEE 802.16e无线城域网(wireless metropolitan area network, WMAN)标准是一项支持移动站(MSs)在室外环境下漫游移动性的新兴技术。对于电池供电的MSs，本标准支持省电模式，在满足服务质量要求的同时节省电池电量。针对不同的业务类型，标准定义了三种不同的节能类型，每种类型都有自己的节能参数。在本文中，宽带无线接入系统通常为移动站提供灵活的睡眠模式操作，以节省其在空闲或活跃模式下的能量。对于移动WiMAX, IEEE 802.16e提供了几种节能类，可以与不同类型的网络连接相关联，以最大限度地减少移动站的功耗。
{"title":"Energy Optimization Packet Scheduling Algorithms on a Mobile Wimax Using Ns2","authors":"T. Shankar, R. Suresh, A. Bagubali, S. Shanmugavel","doi":"10.18000/ijies.30065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18000/ijies.30065","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, mobile communication technologies have been developed rapidly. The IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) standard is an emerging technology to support roaming mobility of mobile stations (MSs) in outdoor environment. For MSs powered by batteries, the standard supports power saving mode to conserve battery power meanwhile fulfilling the requirements of quality of services. Regarding to different service types, standard defines three different power saving types for them and each type has its own power saving parameters. In this paper, Broadband wireless access systems usually provide flexible sleep-mode operations for mobile stations to conserve their energy during idle or active mode. For Mobile WiMAX, the IEEE 802.16e, offers several power-saving classes that can be associated with different types of network connections to minimize power consumption of mobile stations.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82250506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321570
Lawrence Materum, J. Marciano
We have attempted to quantify the maximum number of wideband interference signals that can be sufficiently nulled under severe interference scenarios, using a tapped delay line beamformer with a fixed number of antenna elements (M). Evaluation of simulation results shows that for increasing the fractional bandwidth, more taps are needed, but to a certain limit. In addition, the results show that the maximum number of wideband interference signals that an array can sufficiently null with the minimal number of taps may not improve beyond M-2.
{"title":"Wideband nulling capability estimate of a tapped delay line beamformer","authors":"Lawrence Materum, J. Marciano","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321570","url":null,"abstract":"We have attempted to quantify the maximum number of wideband interference signals that can be sufficiently nulled under severe interference scenarios, using a tapped delay line beamformer with a fixed number of antenna elements (M). Evaluation of simulation results shows that for increasing the fractional bandwidth, more taps are needed, but to a certain limit. In addition, the results show that the maximum number of wideband interference signals that an array can sufficiently null with the minimal number of taps may not improve beyond M-2.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75880913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321417
H. Matsumoto
Summary form only given. Radio, with its applications, has been one of the key/core technologies during the 20th century. It has expanded the horizons of human activity and is now an indispensable medium to human life. Its main application today is telecommunications. However, radio can be used for other purposes. One promising program to overcome the desperate lack of energy supply is the "space solar power station" (SSPS). The SSPS will be constructed in geosynchronous orbit and has the capability to provide a clean and large-scale stable power supply continuously from space to the ground via a microwave power beam. The power transmission of space-generated electricity via microwave is one of the new frontiers as an enabling technology for the realization of the SSPS. The paper provides a review of the state of the art on SSPS research and development as well as some technical aspects of microwave power transmission.
{"title":"Space solar power station (SSPS) and microwave power transmission (MPT)","authors":"H. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321417","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Radio, with its applications, has been one of the key/core technologies during the 20th century. It has expanded the horizons of human activity and is now an indispensable medium to human life. Its main application today is telecommunications. However, radio can be used for other purposes. One promising program to overcome the desperate lack of energy supply is the \"space solar power station\" (SSPS). The SSPS will be constructed in geosynchronous orbit and has the capability to provide a clean and large-scale stable power supply continuously from space to the ground via a microwave power beam. The power transmission of space-generated electricity via microwave is one of the new frontiers as an enabling technology for the realization of the SSPS. The paper provides a review of the state of the art on SSPS research and development as well as some technical aspects of microwave power transmission.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74532208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321416
H. Ikuno
Summary form only given. To model electromagnetic wave interactions on the complicated structures in microwave remote-sensing, devices used in the microwave and optical wave regions, and material sciences, we need to process ultra wideband signals on such structures. So far we have two types of Maxwell solvers. One type incudes techniques, such as the finite element method, the generalized multipoles method, and the boundary element method, for solving boundary value problems about the second order partial differential equation called the Helmholtz equation. The other is a direct Maxwell, for example, the finite difference time domain method in which Maxwell's equations, denoted by a set of first order coupled partial differential equations, can be solved. The author discusses the development of efficient and stable numerical algorithms for use as Maxwell solvers.
{"title":"Some remarks on Maxwell solvers for computational electromagnetics","authors":"H. Ikuno","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321416","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. To model electromagnetic wave interactions on the complicated structures in microwave remote-sensing, devices used in the microwave and optical wave regions, and material sciences, we need to process ultra wideband signals on such structures. So far we have two types of Maxwell solvers. One type incudes techniques, such as the finite element method, the generalized multipoles method, and the boundary element method, for solving boundary value problems about the second order partial differential equation called the Helmholtz equation. The other is a direct Maxwell, for example, the finite difference time domain method in which Maxwell's equations, denoted by a set of first order coupled partial differential equations, can be solved. The author discusses the development of efficient and stable numerical algorithms for use as Maxwell solvers.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75594347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321548
D. Anagnostou, M. Chryssomallis, J. Lyke, C. Christodoulou
Summary form only given. The latest developments in wireless communications demand increasingly smaller devices. In this work, the design of a CPW slot antenna to be used in wireless communications at the ISM frequency band is. presented. The antenna's shape and dimensions are optimized to achieve area minimization, by applying the properties of fractal shapes at the radiating slots. As is well known, the property of self-similarity that fractal shapes possess has been successfully applied in other types of antennas with great success. Fractal shapes have been used in the past in order to achieve multiband performance as well as to increase the length of an antenna without increasing the area that it occupies. The Sierpinski gasket and the Koch monopole are the most representative examples of such antennas. Direct application of fractal theory on a CPW slot antenna results in a CPW Koch dipole slot antenna, which has never been studied before to the best of our knowledge. The effects of fractal miniaturization in this type of antenna, mainly regarding the radiation pattern, the antenna efficiency, and the applicability of fractal shapes in the design of antennas for wireless communication systems are presented herein.
{"title":"A CPW Koch dipole slot antenna","authors":"D. Anagnostou, M. Chryssomallis, J. Lyke, C. Christodoulou","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321548","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The latest developments in wireless communications demand increasingly smaller devices. In this work, the design of a CPW slot antenna to be used in wireless communications at the ISM frequency band is. presented. The antenna's shape and dimensions are optimized to achieve area minimization, by applying the properties of fractal shapes at the radiating slots. As is well known, the property of self-similarity that fractal shapes possess has been successfully applied in other types of antennas with great success. Fractal shapes have been used in the past in order to achieve multiband performance as well as to increase the length of an antenna without increasing the area that it occupies. The Sierpinski gasket and the Koch monopole are the most representative examples of such antennas. Direct application of fractal theory on a CPW slot antenna results in a CPW Koch dipole slot antenna, which has never been studied before to the best of our knowledge. The effects of fractal miniaturization in this type of antenna, mainly regarding the radiation pattern, the antenna efficiency, and the applicability of fractal shapes in the design of antennas for wireless communication systems are presented herein.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74288857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321575
Y. Irie, S. Hara, Y. Nakaya, T. Toda, Y. Oishi
An adaptive array antenna is an antenna that controls its own antenna pattern by means of feedback or feedforward control. Paying our attention to its application for terminals in WLAN (wireless local area networks), analog adaptive array antennas, such as RESAA (reactively steered adaptive array) antenna and phased array antenna, are advantageous and attractive in terms of cost and power consumption. Especially, with recent remarkable advance in MEMS (microelectromechanical system) technology, RF (radiofrequency)-MEMS implemented power- and bandwidth-efficient analog devices, such as inductors, capacitors and varactors, have been available. Therefore, the analog adaptive array antenna with RF-MEMS device at the wireless terminal side is promising in the future WLAN, however, a special beamforming method is required taking into consideration its response and characteristic. This paper proposes a new beamforming method taking into consideration the mechanical structure of the beam control device. Here, we assume a RESAA as an example of analog array antenna and the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)-based IEEE 802.11a standard as a system model.
{"title":"A beamforming method for a reactively steered adaptive array antenna with RF-MEMS device","authors":"Y. Irie, S. Hara, Y. Nakaya, T. Toda, Y. Oishi","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321575","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive array antenna is an antenna that controls its own antenna pattern by means of feedback or feedforward control. Paying our attention to its application for terminals in WLAN (wireless local area networks), analog adaptive array antennas, such as RESAA (reactively steered adaptive array) antenna and phased array antenna, are advantageous and attractive in terms of cost and power consumption. Especially, with recent remarkable advance in MEMS (microelectromechanical system) technology, RF (radiofrequency)-MEMS implemented power- and bandwidth-efficient analog devices, such as inductors, capacitors and varactors, have been available. Therefore, the analog adaptive array antenna with RF-MEMS device at the wireless terminal side is promising in the future WLAN, however, a special beamforming method is required taking into consideration its response and characteristic. This paper proposes a new beamforming method taking into consideration the mechanical structure of the beam control device. Here, we assume a RESAA as an example of analog array antenna and the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)-based IEEE 802.11a standard as a system model.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81635744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321551
M. Takiguchi, O. Amada
Meander line antennas are commonly used as small antennas in commercial Handy Phones. This paper shows experimental results of radiation resistances and radiation characteristics of folded and conventional meander line antennas.
{"title":"Improvement of radiation efficiencies by applying folded configurations to very small meander line antennas","authors":"M. Takiguchi, O. Amada","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321551","url":null,"abstract":"Meander line antennas are commonly used as small antennas in commercial Handy Phones. This paper shows experimental results of radiation resistances and radiation characteristics of folded and conventional meander line antennas.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81903486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321497
M. Ohira, H. Deguchi, M. Tsuji, H. Shigesawa
We have developed multiband single-layer frequency selective surfaces (FSS) by using the optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA). In the frequency responses of these FSS for oblique incidence, unwanted sharp dips appear, depending on the element shape. Similar singular characteristics have been confirmed for a dipole element with the length of a wavelength. But the mechanism causing such singular characteristics has not been investigated for the FSS with the complicated element shape produced by the optimization technique. This paper makes it clear how the singular characteristics of the FSS occur in the frequency response. Firstly, we show briefly the methods for finding the singular frequency with unwanted sharp dips, and also the resonant frequency yielding the specified reflection. Then, by using an example of the FSS developed by us, we explain the mechanism of the singular characteristics from the current distribution. Finally, the validity of the discussion is proved experimentally.
{"title":"A singular characteristic of single-layer frequency selective surface with the element optimized by GA","authors":"M. Ohira, H. Deguchi, M. Tsuji, H. Shigesawa","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321497","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed multiband single-layer frequency selective surfaces (FSS) by using the optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA). In the frequency responses of these FSS for oblique incidence, unwanted sharp dips appear, depending on the element shape. Similar singular characteristics have been confirmed for a dipole element with the length of a wavelength. But the mechanism causing such singular characteristics has not been investigated for the FSS with the complicated element shape produced by the optimization technique. This paper makes it clear how the singular characteristics of the FSS occur in the frequency response. Firstly, we show briefly the methods for finding the singular frequency with unwanted sharp dips, and also the resonant frequency yielding the specified reflection. Then, by using an example of the FSS developed by us, we explain the mechanism of the singular characteristics from the current distribution. Finally, the validity of the discussion is proved experimentally.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85131127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321499
S. Sung, J.D. Roque, B. Murakami, G. S. Shiroma, R. Miyamoto, W. Shiroma
In the spring of 2003, the University of Hawaii (UH) began participation in the University NanoSat Program, a multi-university effort sponsored by NASA and the USA Air Force Research Laboratories to encourage small-satellite research and development. Undergraduate engineering students at UH have been involved in small-satellite development for the past two years, particularly for a class of picosatellites known as CubeSat, which has a mass no greater than 1 kg and a volume of 1000 cm/sup 3/.
{"title":"Retrodirective antenna technology for CubeSat networks","authors":"S. Sung, J.D. Roque, B. Murakami, G. S. Shiroma, R. Miyamoto, W. Shiroma","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321499","url":null,"abstract":"In the spring of 2003, the University of Hawaii (UH) began participation in the University NanoSat Program, a multi-university effort sponsored by NASA and the USA Air Force Research Laboratories to encourage small-satellite research and development. Undergraduate engineering students at UH have been involved in small-satellite development for the past two years, particularly for a class of picosatellites known as CubeSat, which has a mass no greater than 1 kg and a volume of 1000 cm/sup 3/.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85749241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-10-15DOI: 10.1109/WCT.2003.1321524
I. Kabacik, R. Hossa, A. Byndas, M. Bialkowski
Antennas for portable terminals are to be small and preferably mounted inside a case. Due to clustering of mobile system bands there is an urgent need for antennas providing wide bands amongst others (500 MHz or more). When the operation over the desired number of bands is met, it is necessary to provide required bandwidth in each of the designated bands. To achieve this suitable means of tuning an antenna in separate bands are required. This is not a simple task because the ratio between the lowest and the highest frequency can exceed the number of seven. The broad range of tuning is needed for keeping a small number of antenna types, so a manufacturer can take advantage of cost-effectiveness.
{"title":"Broadening the range of resonance tuning in multiband small antennas","authors":"I. Kabacik, R. Hossa, A. Byndas, M. Bialkowski","doi":"10.1109/WCT.2003.1321524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCT.2003.1321524","url":null,"abstract":"Antennas for portable terminals are to be small and preferably mounted inside a case. Due to clustering of mobile system bands there is an urgent need for antennas providing wide bands amongst others (500 MHz or more). When the operation over the desired number of bands is met, it is necessary to provide required bandwidth in each of the designated bands. To achieve this suitable means of tuning an antenna in separate bands are required. This is not a simple task because the ratio between the lowest and the highest frequency can exceed the number of seven. The broad range of tuning is needed for keeping a small number of antenna types, so a manufacturer can take advantage of cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":6305,"journal":{"name":"2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73124550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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