Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625557
A. Razinkovas, A. Erturk, P. Zemlys
Curonian lagoon, the largest coastal lagoon in Europe is characterized by the strong seasonal and interannual variation in nutrient loads and water quality parameters is characterized by the dominance of the Nemunas rivers discharges. Coupled hydrodynamic and NPZD model was applied to assess the impacts of the foreseen reduction of nutrient loads prescribed in the State Plan to Improve the Quality in the Curonian lagoon, which was approved in 2006. The simulation of 1999-2000 was used as the background scenario. The NPZD model applied takes into the account the recently evaluated atmospheric nitrogen fixation by the cyanobacteria during the summer ldquobloomsrdquo and combined effects of temperature and wind climate.
{"title":"Assessment of the effects of variation in external nutrient loads on the Curonian lagoon ecosystem","authors":"A. Razinkovas, A. Erturk, P. Zemlys","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625557","url":null,"abstract":"Curonian lagoon, the largest coastal lagoon in Europe is characterized by the strong seasonal and interannual variation in nutrient loads and water quality parameters is characterized by the dominance of the Nemunas rivers discharges. Coupled hydrodynamic and NPZD model was applied to assess the impacts of the foreseen reduction of nutrient loads prescribed in the State Plan to Improve the Quality in the Curonian lagoon, which was approved in 2006. The simulation of 1999-2000 was used as the background scenario. The NPZD model applied takes into the account the recently evaluated atmospheric nitrogen fixation by the cyanobacteria during the summer ldquobloomsrdquo and combined effects of temperature and wind climate.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75374436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625511
A. Pleskachevsky, H. Gunther
A three-dimensional suspended particulate matter (SPM) transport model, developed for North Sea scales (6 nm horizontal resolution), was improved and applied for a part of the North Frisian Wadden Sea with 100 m horizontal and 0.5 m vertical resolution. Satellite data were used to separate different SPM exchange processes and to derive appropriate model parameters. The model calculates distributions of three SPM fractions with different settling velocities in the water column and of the corresponding fine sediment fractions in the upper 20 cm of the bottom. The local shear stress velocities, derived from currents and waves control the processes of sedimentation, resuspension and erosion. In extreme shallow water during storms, waves generate additional currents up to 1 m/s over sand banks and long-shore currents of about 20-40 cm/s. This is an important contribution to the transport of eroded sediments in tidal basins. Therefore the forcing wave and current fields necessary for SPM modeling were generated by an interactively coupled model system. Results of the SPM simulations in the Wadden Sea area will be presented and compared with independent observations.
{"title":"Modeling of suspended particulate matter transport in coastal areas","authors":"A. Pleskachevsky, H. Gunther","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625511","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional suspended particulate matter (SPM) transport model, developed for North Sea scales (6 nm horizontal resolution), was improved and applied for a part of the North Frisian Wadden Sea with 100 m horizontal and 0.5 m vertical resolution. Satellite data were used to separate different SPM exchange processes and to derive appropriate model parameters. The model calculates distributions of three SPM fractions with different settling velocities in the water column and of the corresponding fine sediment fractions in the upper 20 cm of the bottom. The local shear stress velocities, derived from currents and waves control the processes of sedimentation, resuspension and erosion. In extreme shallow water during storms, waves generate additional currents up to 1 m/s over sand banks and long-shore currents of about 20-40 cm/s. This is an important contribution to the transport of eroded sediments in tidal basins. Therefore the forcing wave and current fields necessary for SPM modeling were generated by an interactively coupled model system. Results of the SPM simulations in the Wadden Sea area will be presented and compared with independent observations.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77264764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625502
J. Kohut, H. Roarty, S. Licthenwalner, S. Glenn, D. Barrick, B. Lipa, A. Allen
The mid-atlantic regional coastal ocean observing system (MARCOOS) will implement an end-to-end regional ocean data acquisition, management, modeling and product generation system to satisfy user needs as defined by the middle atlantic coastal ocean observing regional association (MACOORA). MARCOOS will leverage extensive existing regional assets to augment federal backbone products in response to the MACOORA regional themes of maritime safety and ecological decision making. Regional products enabled by MARCOOS will in turn support the development of even higher resolution products at the sub-regional level, including supporting local MACOORA needs for Coastal Inundation and Water Quality. Through MARCOOS, regional scale observations from a network of HF-Radars, satellites, glider AUVs, and an array of meteorological stations will feed 4 operational numerical modeling systems. The HF radar network provides near realtime surface current observations along 1000 km of coastline with varying coverage from the coast out to the shelf break. The primary goal is to operate the regional system in a coordinated way to guarantee the delivery of quality ocean current and wave data. In this paper we present MARCOOS with an emphasis on the HF Radar network. Particular attention is placed on the setup, operation, and application of the network. Quality control metrics based on comparisons with coast guard deployed surface drifters (SLDMBs) have a specific focus to quantifying the uncertainty in the HF radar surface current estimates as applied to search and rescue observations. These metrics will be used to ensure that quality data is going to the coast guard and that this information is properly incorporated into existing search planning tools.
{"title":"The Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System: Serving coast guard needs in the mid-atlantic bight","authors":"J. Kohut, H. Roarty, S. Licthenwalner, S. Glenn, D. Barrick, B. Lipa, A. Allen","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625502","url":null,"abstract":"The mid-atlantic regional coastal ocean observing system (MARCOOS) will implement an end-to-end regional ocean data acquisition, management, modeling and product generation system to satisfy user needs as defined by the middle atlantic coastal ocean observing regional association (MACOORA). MARCOOS will leverage extensive existing regional assets to augment federal backbone products in response to the MACOORA regional themes of maritime safety and ecological decision making. Regional products enabled by MARCOOS will in turn support the development of even higher resolution products at the sub-regional level, including supporting local MACOORA needs for Coastal Inundation and Water Quality. Through MARCOOS, regional scale observations from a network of HF-Radars, satellites, glider AUVs, and an array of meteorological stations will feed 4 operational numerical modeling systems. The HF radar network provides near realtime surface current observations along 1000 km of coastline with varying coverage from the coast out to the shelf break. The primary goal is to operate the regional system in a coordinated way to guarantee the delivery of quality ocean current and wave data. In this paper we present MARCOOS with an emphasis on the HF Radar network. Particular attention is placed on the setup, operation, and application of the network. Quality control metrics based on comparisons with coast guard deployed surface drifters (SLDMBs) have a specific focus to quantifying the uncertainty in the HF radar surface current estimates as applied to search and rescue observations. These metrics will be used to ensure that quality data is going to the coast guard and that this information is properly incorporated into existing search planning tools.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80319749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625561
K. Sabinin, V. Paka
Results of two comprehensive internal wave experiments carried out at the shelf edge in the mid-atlantic bight (JUSREX-92 and SWARM-95) are analyzed. Evidence of soliton features of the observed intense internal waves are discussed with special attention to the propagation speed and amplitude dispersion of solitons. A method for estimation of phase velocity of internal waves by analysis of time/depth variations of three current velocity components is proposed. Specific distortion of the orbital velocity field in internal waves propagating against the background shear current is discussed (ldquoshear contaminationrdquo effect).
{"title":"Internal solitons in the sea: Experimental data","authors":"K. Sabinin, V. Paka","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625561","url":null,"abstract":"Results of two comprehensive internal wave experiments carried out at the shelf edge in the mid-atlantic bight (JUSREX-92 and SWARM-95) are analyzed. Evidence of soliton features of the observed intense internal waves are discussed with special attention to the propagation speed and amplitude dispersion of solitons. A method for estimation of phase velocity of internal waves by analysis of time/depth variations of three current velocity components is proposed. Specific distortion of the orbital velocity field in internal waves propagating against the background shear current is discussed (ldquoshear contaminationrdquo effect).","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83741494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625550
A. Ikauniece, B. Kalveka, I. Jurgensone, V. Jermakovs, G. Aispure, M. Ceitlina, D. Fedoroviea
Data collection and thus also possibilities to have direct information on the marine environment situation in the Latvian Baltic Proper which is covering the Eastern Gotland Basin was stopped in 1994. The real alterations of ecosystem were not estimated, as only indirect data were available. Thanks to the start of National research program KALME, three the most representative sampling locations were visited again in 2007, actually repeating the sampling program of 1994, including basic hydrological observations, nutrient concentrations, abundance and species composition of phyto- and zooplankton and macrozoobenthos. The obtained information on vertical profiles of physico-chemical parameters and the structure of biological variables allows to have a scenery what has happened during 14-15 years - in a period when the environment of the Baltic Sea has been changing under the large-scale climatic pressure and its local variations. This study is discussing the observed changes in the plankton and benthic communities of the Baltic Proper both in the light of numerical values and biological diversity. Taking into account the development of knowledge on the processes in the Baltic Sea and also the current needs for elaboration of the ecosystem-based management we have tried to estimate the adequacy of sampling approach and quality of the obtained data.
{"title":"Returning to the Baltic Proper: More questions than answers?","authors":"A. Ikauniece, B. Kalveka, I. Jurgensone, V. Jermakovs, G. Aispure, M. Ceitlina, D. Fedoroviea","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625550","url":null,"abstract":"Data collection and thus also possibilities to have direct information on the marine environment situation in the Latvian Baltic Proper which is covering the Eastern Gotland Basin was stopped in 1994. The real alterations of ecosystem were not estimated, as only indirect data were available. Thanks to the start of National research program KALME, three the most representative sampling locations were visited again in 2007, actually repeating the sampling program of 1994, including basic hydrological observations, nutrient concentrations, abundance and species composition of phyto- and zooplankton and macrozoobenthos. The obtained information on vertical profiles of physico-chemical parameters and the structure of biological variables allows to have a scenery what has happened during 14-15 years - in a period when the environment of the Baltic Sea has been changing under the large-scale climatic pressure and its local variations. This study is discussing the observed changes in the plankton and benthic communities of the Baltic Proper both in the light of numerical values and biological diversity. Taking into account the development of knowledge on the processes in the Baltic Sea and also the current needs for elaboration of the ecosystem-based management we have tried to estimate the adequacy of sampling approach and quality of the obtained data.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75636412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625568
Y. Gubelit, N. Berezina
Macroalgae blooms and consequent oxygen depletion are temporal and spatial large-scale effects of eutrophication that can influence negatively on benthic fauna. The biomass dynamics of the algae Cladophora glomerata was studied in shallow-water littoral zone of the Neva estuary during May-October of 2003-2005. Also, mean production rate, biomass contribution of drifting C. glomerata and oxygen conditions in habitats were examined during algae decomposition. Two peaks in C. glomerata biomass, in July and in September, were found in all studied years with maximum (300plusmn100 g DW m-2) in September. Primary production of C. glomerata varied from 3.6 to 7.9 contributing around 90% in total production rate in this zone. During decomposition (since the middle of July to late August) the biomass of drifting C. glomerata exceeded the biomass of the attached algae, contributing 62% of total algal biomass in studied area. The depletion in oxygen content in water near the bottom was recorded in the shallow-water zone to 20-m distance from shoreline. This phenomenon can influence negatively on invertebrate communities in shallow-water habitats, facilitating their structural shifts.
大型藻华及其导致的氧耗竭是富营养化的时空大尺度效应，对底栖动物有负面影响。2003-2005年5 - 10月，在涅瓦河河口浅水沿岸地区对藻藻的生物量动态进行了研究。此外，还研究了藻类分解过程中平均产量、漂流藻生物量贡献和栖息地氧气条件。在所有研究年份中，7月和9月出现了两个生物量高峰，9月达到最大值(300plusmn100 g DW -2)。初级产量在3.6 ~ 7.9之间变化，占该区总产量的90%左右。在分解过程中(7月中旬至8月下旬)，漂流藻的生物量超过附着藻的生物量，占研究区藻类总生物量的62%。在距离海岸线20米的浅水区，记录了近底部水域氧含量的减少。这种现象会对浅水栖息地的无脊椎动物群落产生负面影响，促进其结构转变。
{"title":"Coastal eutrophication phenomena in the eastern Gulf of Finland","authors":"Y. Gubelit, N. Berezina","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625568","url":null,"abstract":"Macroalgae blooms and consequent oxygen depletion are temporal and spatial large-scale effects of eutrophication that can influence negatively on benthic fauna. The biomass dynamics of the algae Cladophora glomerata was studied in shallow-water littoral zone of the Neva estuary during May-October of 2003-2005. Also, mean production rate, biomass contribution of drifting C. glomerata and oxygen conditions in habitats were examined during algae decomposition. Two peaks in C. glomerata biomass, in July and in September, were found in all studied years with maximum (300plusmn100 g DW m-2) in September. Primary production of C. glomerata varied from 3.6 to 7.9 contributing around 90% in total production rate in this zone. During decomposition (since the middle of July to late August) the biomass of drifting C. glomerata exceeded the biomass of the attached algae, contributing 62% of total algal biomass in studied area. The depletion in oxygen content in water near the bottom was recorded in the shallow-water zone to 20-m distance from shoreline. This phenomenon can influence negatively on invertebrate communities in shallow-water habitats, facilitating their structural shifts.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625553
T. Eremina, V. Ryabchenko, I. Neelov, A. Dvornikov, L. Karlin
Paper describes the complex of hydrodynamic models that will serve as a basis for creating the operational forecast system for the coastal zone of the Russian part of the Gulf of Finland. The complex includes an atmospheric model, hydrodynamic models of the Baltic Sea as well as regional models with high spatial resolution. The test runs with SPBM (St.Petersburg Baltic Model) and NEVAM (Neva Bay model) showed their ability to simulate adequately circulation pattern in the Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay in different hydrometeorological conditions.
{"title":"Development of the complex of coordinated models as a basis for operational forecasting system for the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland","authors":"T. Eremina, V. Ryabchenko, I. Neelov, A. Dvornikov, L. Karlin","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625553","url":null,"abstract":"Paper describes the complex of hydrodynamic models that will serve as a basis for creating the operational forecast system for the coastal zone of the Russian part of the Gulf of Finland. The complex includes an atmospheric model, hydrodynamic models of the Baltic Sea as well as regional models with high spatial resolution. The test runs with SPBM (St.Petersburg Baltic Model) and NEVAM (Neva Bay model) showed their ability to simulate adequately circulation pattern in the Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay in different hydrometeorological conditions.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74954246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625563
K. Sundback, K. Mcglathery, I. Anderson
In this paper, we will first give some examples on the filter function of shallow bays, focusing on nitrogen (N), based on studies in some coastal bays in temperate areas in Scandinavia (west and east coast of Sweden) and on the east Coast of USA (Virginia). Secondly, we will present conceptual models on how eutrophication can be expected to change the filter function of shallow coastal bays.
{"title":"Lagoons and shallow bays as filters in the coastal ecosystem","authors":"K. Sundback, K. Mcglathery, I. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625563","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will first give some examples on the filter function of shallow bays, focusing on nitrogen (N), based on studies in some coastal bays in temperate areas in Scandinavia (west and east coast of Sweden) and on the east Coast of USA (Virginia). Secondly, we will present conceptual models on how eutrophication can be expected to change the filter function of shallow coastal bays.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73972304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625542
W. Petersen, M. Gehrung, F. Schroeder
In order to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural changes in an ecosystem, the environmental parameters and the driving forces need to be monitored in different temporal and spatial scales. The limitation of conventional monitoring methods particularly with regard to temporal and spatial resolution is often a serious hindrance to a better understanding of marine ecosystems and the underlying biogeochemical processes. The use of unattended automatic observing systems onboard of ships of opportunity offers a cost-effective and reliable possibility to obtain regular observations of near-surface parameters with a high spatial coverage and temporal resolution. In the Southern North Sea the application of the so called FerryBox systems has been proved since 2002. FerryBoxes have been installed on different ferries and cargo ships as well. The system allows high frequent monitoring of oceanographic parameters (temperature, salinity, turbidity) as well as biological relevant parameters such as chlorophyll, nutrients, oxygen and pH along a transect. In combination with remote sensed data the spatial limitation to a certain transect can be overcome. On the other hand the data from the FerryBox can be used as ground truth data for the remote sensing data. Special events like strong short-term algae blooms, which will be detected only occasionally by standard monitoring methods, can be studied in detail and related to variations in influencing factors such as temperature, wind and nutrient load. However, due to its limitations (surface measurements, certain ship tracks only) only a combination of research ship cruises, buoy measurements at strategic locations, remote sensing and numerical modeling will give the deep insights needed for an understanding of the ecosystem as a prerequisite for future management options.
{"title":"FerryBox - Continuous and automatic water quality observations along transects in the North Sea","authors":"W. Petersen, M. Gehrung, F. Schroeder","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625542","url":null,"abstract":"In order to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural changes in an ecosystem, the environmental parameters and the driving forces need to be monitored in different temporal and spatial scales. The limitation of conventional monitoring methods particularly with regard to temporal and spatial resolution is often a serious hindrance to a better understanding of marine ecosystems and the underlying biogeochemical processes. The use of unattended automatic observing systems onboard of ships of opportunity offers a cost-effective and reliable possibility to obtain regular observations of near-surface parameters with a high spatial coverage and temporal resolution. In the Southern North Sea the application of the so called FerryBox systems has been proved since 2002. FerryBoxes have been installed on different ferries and cargo ships as well. The system allows high frequent monitoring of oceanographic parameters (temperature, salinity, turbidity) as well as biological relevant parameters such as chlorophyll, nutrients, oxygen and pH along a transect. In combination with remote sensed data the spatial limitation to a certain transect can be overcome. On the other hand the data from the FerryBox can be used as ground truth data for the remote sensing data. Special events like strong short-term algae blooms, which will be detected only occasionally by standard monitoring methods, can be studied in detail and related to variations in influencing factors such as temperature, wind and nutrient load. However, due to its limitations (surface measurements, certain ship tracks only) only a combination of research ship cruises, buoy measurements at strategic locations, remote sensing and numerical modeling will give the deep insights needed for an understanding of the ecosystem as a prerequisite for future management options.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78349952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625552
V. Paka
Presented here are some actual tasks for improving environmental technologies. Our efforts were applied (1) to the protracted monitoring of nonstationary internal waves, and (2) to estimating the mixing intensity in shallow and deep seas. Both of these tasks are not new for modern hydrography, nevertheless the progress of the measurement technique seems to be very slow.
{"title":"Development of high resolution measuring systems","authors":"V. Paka","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625552","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here are some actual tasks for improving environmental technologies. Our efforts were applied (1) to the protracted monitoring of nonstationary internal waves, and (2) to estimating the mixing intensity in shallow and deep seas. Both of these tasks are not new for modern hydrography, nevertheless the progress of the measurement technique seems to be very slow.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90952957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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