Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625544
R. Milerienė, S. Gulbinskas, N. Blažauskas, I. Dailidienė
The different set of indicators is used when assessing the tendencies of coastal zone's natural-social-economical environment development and dynamics. In order to ensure more sustainable development of the coastal zone at the European level unified set of 27 socio-economic and environmental indicators have been recommended for the EU member states by the European Parliament and the Council in 2002. Following this idea, number of EU-funded projects related to the Integrated Coastal Zone Management with special focus on regional sustainable development have been initiated: SAIL - "State of the Coast of the Southern North Sea", DEDUCE "Evaluation model for the sustainable development of European Coastal Zones"; SDI-4-SEB - "Sustainable Development Indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management of South-Eastern Baltic". Last mentioned - SDI-4-SEB aims to promote the integrated way of trance-border coastal zone management in the South Eastern Baltic. The coasts of the Pomorskie Voivodship, Kaliningrad Oblast and Klaipeda County comprise unified coastal strip with identical geo-, morphological and dynamic features. This part of the Baltic coast typologically belongs to open sandy coast with similar problems of erosion, sand dynamics and economical development. Therefore environmental indicators - and among them especially geological - are of the high importance in the region.
{"title":"Geological indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management","authors":"R. Milerienė, S. Gulbinskas, N. Blažauskas, I. Dailidienė","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625544","url":null,"abstract":"The different set of indicators is used when assessing the tendencies of coastal zone's natural-social-economical environment development and dynamics. In order to ensure more sustainable development of the coastal zone at the European level unified set of 27 socio-economic and environmental indicators have been recommended for the EU member states by the European Parliament and the Council in 2002. Following this idea, number of EU-funded projects related to the Integrated Coastal Zone Management with special focus on regional sustainable development have been initiated: SAIL - \"State of the Coast of the Southern North Sea\", DEDUCE \"Evaluation model for the sustainable development of European Coastal Zones\"; SDI-4-SEB - \"Sustainable Development Indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management of South-Eastern Baltic\". Last mentioned - SDI-4-SEB aims to promote the integrated way of trance-border coastal zone management in the South Eastern Baltic. The coasts of the Pomorskie Voivodship, Kaliningrad Oblast and Klaipeda County comprise unified coastal strip with identical geo-, morphological and dynamic features. This part of the Baltic coast typologically belongs to open sandy coast with similar problems of erosion, sand dynamics and economical development. Therefore environmental indicators - and among them especially geological - are of the high importance in the region.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77435435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625558
A. Erturk, A. Razinkovas, P. Zemlys, R. Pilkaitytė, Z. Gasiūnaitė
Among aquatic ecosystems, estuarine lagoons are generally more complex than inland waters because of the combined effect of the land and the sea. These systems are under the influence of land through the rivers and have a restricted and temporally variable water exchange with the seas or the oceans. Estuarine lagoons are generally productive ecosystems which offer habitats for many species. Many coastal and estuarine lagoons are known to be important components of the natural capital providing opportunities for aquaculture. These ecosystems are difficult to analyze. Like most of the transitional waters, their trophic and ecological status cannot be defined easily because of their complexity. Most of them are usually under strong human influence or already modified heavily, which makes this task even more difficult. Nutrient phytoplankton zooplankton detritus (NPZD) models can help scientists to analyze the full picture of an aquatic system, together with physical, chemical and biological processes, to fill in the gaps of data between samplings and to forecast environmental changes and use this output for planning. Traditionally, these models have been developed and used by engineers extensively, usually with the aim of water resources and quality management. However, different needs may arise in ecological studies with different aims such as better understanding how an aquatic ecosystem works or analyze the interactions in an aquatic food web. In this case, different state variables may be needed than the conventional ones, which are used by more general water quality models that are available. In ecological studies, related to coastal lagoon ecosystems organism groups on the higher trophic levels can be of interest. In this study, an NPZD model and a trophic network model that contains organism groups on the higher trophic levels were linked using the ldquobottom-up controlrdquo approach. Such a linkage of models provides the possibility to use the advantages of both models; reproducing of the erratic behavior of nutrients and plankton as realistic as possible, while still taking the more complex organisms in the trophic network, which respond to external forcing in a larger time scale. The models developed in this study were applied to the Curonian Lagoon that is an important estuarine ecosystem for Lithuania.
{"title":"Linking NPZD and foodweb models of an estuarine lagoon ecosystem","authors":"A. Erturk, A. Razinkovas, P. Zemlys, R. Pilkaitytė, Z. Gasiūnaitė","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625558","url":null,"abstract":"Among aquatic ecosystems, estuarine lagoons are generally more complex than inland waters because of the combined effect of the land and the sea. These systems are under the influence of land through the rivers and have a restricted and temporally variable water exchange with the seas or the oceans. Estuarine lagoons are generally productive ecosystems which offer habitats for many species. Many coastal and estuarine lagoons are known to be important components of the natural capital providing opportunities for aquaculture. These ecosystems are difficult to analyze. Like most of the transitional waters, their trophic and ecological status cannot be defined easily because of their complexity. Most of them are usually under strong human influence or already modified heavily, which makes this task even more difficult. Nutrient phytoplankton zooplankton detritus (NPZD) models can help scientists to analyze the full picture of an aquatic system, together with physical, chemical and biological processes, to fill in the gaps of data between samplings and to forecast environmental changes and use this output for planning. Traditionally, these models have been developed and used by engineers extensively, usually with the aim of water resources and quality management. However, different needs may arise in ecological studies with different aims such as better understanding how an aquatic ecosystem works or analyze the interactions in an aquatic food web. In this case, different state variables may be needed than the conventional ones, which are used by more general water quality models that are available. In ecological studies, related to coastal lagoon ecosystems organism groups on the higher trophic levels can be of interest. In this study, an NPZD model and a trophic network model that contains organism groups on the higher trophic levels were linked using the ldquobottom-up controlrdquo approach. Such a linkage of models provides the possibility to use the advantages of both models; reproducing of the erratic behavior of nutrients and plankton as realistic as possible, while still taking the more complex organisms in the trophic network, which respond to external forcing in a larger time scale. The models developed in this study were applied to the Curonian Lagoon that is an important estuarine ecosystem for Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88956574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625504
S. Kaitala, J. Seppala, M. Raateoja, S. Hallfors, V. Fleming-Lehtinen, P. Maunula, J. Helminen, P. Ylostalo
Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) as a founding member of Alg@line consortium has been a forerunner in the field of monitoring research using commercial ferries. In 1992 FIMR started continuous measurements on board the ferry Finnjet, crossing the Baltic Sea Proper, using unattended recording and sampling system. During the spring of 2007 the ferrybox monitoring system was reinstalled in a new ferry Finnmaid providing real time observed data transmission with satellite connection. Chlorophyll-a (Chla) still remains the principal monitoring parameter. However, the distribution of cyanobacteria cannot be evaluated using Chla in vivo fluorescence, as most of their Chla is located in the poorly-fluorescing photosystem I. Instead, phycocyanin (PC) fluorescence is used in the detection of cyanobacterial blooms in 2005-07. PC fluorescence shows a linear relation to the biomass of the bloom forming filamentous cyanobacteria. During blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria the variability in Chla concentrations is better explained by PC fluorescence than by Chla fluorescence. Additionally, Chla records have been applied in validation of MODIS satellite monitoring for the water quality.
{"title":"Recent advances in ferrybox monitoring on board Finnmaid ferry","authors":"S. Kaitala, J. Seppala, M. Raateoja, S. Hallfors, V. Fleming-Lehtinen, P. Maunula, J. Helminen, P. Ylostalo","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625504","url":null,"abstract":"Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) as a founding member of Alg@line consortium has been a forerunner in the field of monitoring research using commercial ferries. In 1992 FIMR started continuous measurements on board the ferry Finnjet, crossing the Baltic Sea Proper, using unattended recording and sampling system. During the spring of 2007 the ferrybox monitoring system was reinstalled in a new ferry Finnmaid providing real time observed data transmission with satellite connection. Chlorophyll-a (Chla) still remains the principal monitoring parameter. However, the distribution of cyanobacteria cannot be evaluated using Chla in vivo fluorescence, as most of their Chla is located in the poorly-fluorescing photosystem I. Instead, phycocyanin (PC) fluorescence is used in the detection of cyanobacterial blooms in 2005-07. PC fluorescence shows a linear relation to the biomass of the bloom forming filamentous cyanobacteria. During blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria the variability in Chla concentrations is better explained by PC fluorescence than by Chla fluorescence. Additionally, Chla records have been applied in validation of MODIS satellite monitoring for the water quality.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88536546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-01DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625569
S. Bonnell
Nord Stream is a natural gas transportation pipeline system to link Russia and the European Union through the Baltic Sea. The twin Nord Stream pipelines are planned to reach from Vyborg, Russia, to Greifswald, Germany, going across the Baltic Sea with a length of approximately 1,220 kilometers. The pipelines will pass Russian, Finnish, Swedish, Danish and German waters.
{"title":"Nord Stream route development 2005–2008 on the example of the Gulf of Finland","authors":"S. Bonnell","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625569","url":null,"abstract":"Nord Stream is a natural gas transportation pipeline system to link Russia and the European Union through the Baltic Sea. The twin Nord Stream pipelines are planned to reach from Vyborg, Russia, to Greifswald, Germany, going across the Baltic Sea with a length of approximately 1,220 kilometers. The pipelines will pass Russian, Finnish, Swedish, Danish and German waters.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79299734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1109/baltic.2008.4625571
J. Elken
QUALITY OF ESTONIAN COASTAL WATERS BY UNDERWATER OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS Victor Alari, Ants Erm, Germo Väli, Inga Lips and Urmas Lips Marine Systems Institute at Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia ants@phys.sea.ee Underwater irradiation profiles of the Baltic Sea near the Estonian north and north western coast were measured in the spring and summer 2007. The vertical profiles of downwelling and scalar irradiance in the PAR region were measured in situ on the sea using a frame completed with two planar and a spherical PAR sensors. The measuring system allows calculate as the mean attenuation coefficients of a water column (Kd and Ko respectively) as well the depth profiles Kd(z) and Ko(z). These coefficients, e.g. optical density of the sea water, were varying from 0.13 m (Tallinn-Helsinki line, May) up to 0.75 m (Tallinn Bay, April). As an example some measurements’ series are shown in the figure 1. Fig.1. Variation of attenuation coefficients on Tallinn – Helsinki shipline in the spring 2007. It is seen, that the optical quality of water was much better in May compared to April 2007. Also, it is seen, that expecting the stations immediately near port and road, the Gulf of Finland was quite clear, especially in May. Some increase of optical density towards the Finnish coast could be mentioned also. Many of such cross-sections were made in the spring-summer period of 2007. For example a correlation between the water depth and optical density was followed on the shallows near Hiiumaa. US/EU-Baltic International Symposium 2008 Additionally the water transparency was estimated using the Secchi disk, profiles of chlorophyll were recorded with a fluorimeter, “spectrometric” attenuation coefficient spectra (c*λ), concentrations of chlorophyll a, suspended matter and yellow substance were determined from water samples in the laboratory. This study was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation (Grant No. 7000). The authors are thankful to Dr. Liis Sipelgas for the help with laboratory data. US/EU-Baltic International Symposium 2008 SEATRACK WEB FORECASTS AND BACKTRACKING OF OIL SPILLS AN EFFICIENT TOOL TO FIND ILLEGAL SPILLS USING AIS
水下光学测量爱沙尼亚沿海水域的质量Victor Alari, Ants Erm, Germo Väli, Inga Lips和Urmas Lips海洋系统研究所，爱沙尼亚塔林，12618爱沙尼亚塔林ants@phys.sea.ee在2007年春夏测量了爱沙尼亚北部和西北海岸附近波罗的海的水下辐射剖面。利用两个平面和一个球形PAR传感器组成的框架，在海面上原位测量了PAR区域的下坡垂直剖面和标量辐照度。测量系统可以计算水柱的平均衰减系数(分别为Kd和Ko)以及深度剖面Kd(z)和Ko(z)。这些系数，例如海水的光密度，从0.13 m(塔林-赫尔辛基线，5月)到0.75 m(塔林湾，4月)不等。作为一个示例，图1显示了一些测量序列。图1。2007年春季塔林-赫尔辛基航线衰减系数的变化。可以看出，5月份的水质比2007年4月份要好得多。此外，可以看出，芬兰湾的港口和公路附近的车站是相当清晰的，特别是在5月。也可以提到朝向芬兰海岸的光密度有所增加。许多这样的横截面是在2007年春夏期间制作的。例如，在Hiiumaa附近的浅滩上，研究了水深和光密度之间的相关性。此外，使用塞奇圆盘估计了水的透明度，用荧光仪记录了叶绿素的剖面，“光谱”衰减系数光谱(c*λ)，在实验室中从水样中测定了叶绿素a、悬浮物和黄色物质的浓度。这项研究得到了爱沙尼亚科学基金会(批准号7000)的支持。作者感谢Liis Sipelgas博士在实验室数据方面的帮助。美国/欧盟-波罗的海国际研讨会2008:座位架网络预测和回溯:利用AIS发现非法溢油的有效工具
{"title":"Provisional symposium proceedings","authors":"J. Elken","doi":"10.1109/baltic.2008.4625571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2008.4625571","url":null,"abstract":"QUALITY OF ESTONIAN COASTAL WATERS BY UNDERWATER OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS Victor Alari, Ants Erm, Germo Väli, Inga Lips and Urmas Lips Marine Systems Institute at Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia ants@phys.sea.ee Underwater irradiation profiles of the Baltic Sea near the Estonian north and north western coast were measured in the spring and summer 2007. The vertical profiles of downwelling and scalar irradiance in the PAR region were measured in situ on the sea using a frame completed with two planar and a spherical PAR sensors. The measuring system allows calculate as the mean attenuation coefficients of a water column (Kd and Ko respectively) as well the depth profiles Kd(z) and Ko(z). These coefficients, e.g. optical density of the sea water, were varying from 0.13 m (Tallinn-Helsinki line, May) up to 0.75 m (Tallinn Bay, April). As an example some measurements’ series are shown in the figure 1. Fig.1. Variation of attenuation coefficients on Tallinn – Helsinki shipline in the spring 2007. It is seen, that the optical quality of water was much better in May compared to April 2007. Also, it is seen, that expecting the stations immediately near port and road, the Gulf of Finland was quite clear, especially in May. Some increase of optical density towards the Finnish coast could be mentioned also. Many of such cross-sections were made in the spring-summer period of 2007. For example a correlation between the water depth and optical density was followed on the shallows near Hiiumaa. US/EU-Baltic International Symposium 2008 Additionally the water transparency was estimated using the Secchi disk, profiles of chlorophyll were recorded with a fluorimeter, “spectrometric” attenuation coefficient spectra (c*λ), concentrations of chlorophyll a, suspended matter and yellow substance were determined from water samples in the laboratory. This study was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation (Grant No. 7000). The authors are thankful to Dr. Liis Sipelgas for the help with laboratory data. US/EU-Baltic International Symposium 2008 SEATRACK WEB FORECASTS AND BACKTRACKING OF OIL SPILLS AN EFFICIENT TOOL TO FIND ILLEGAL SPILLS USING AIS","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82136660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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