Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625560
G. Lessin, U. Raudsepp
Two different approaches in defining coastal zone extent exist. One of them sets fixed boundaries to the coastal zone, and, thus, is easily adopted by decision-makers. Another approach follows distribution of a set of contiguous ecosystems, and is more accordant with the ecosystem-based management of the coastal zone. Ecological approach requires comprehensive research of the system in focus. However, managers usually need more general tools which allow a first-order assessment of ecosystem structure and functioning. This work demonstrates how results of ecohydrodynamic model can be used by managers in the assessment of coastal ecosystem status and proposes mapping of characteristic coastal zone regions for management purposes.
{"title":"Defining the extent of coastal zone for ecosystem-based management","authors":"G. Lessin, U. Raudsepp","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625560","url":null,"abstract":"Two different approaches in defining coastal zone extent exist. One of them sets fixed boundaries to the coastal zone, and, thus, is easily adopted by decision-makers. Another approach follows distribution of a set of contiguous ecosystems, and is more accordant with the ecosystem-based management of the coastal zone. Ecological approach requires comprehensive research of the system in focus. However, managers usually need more general tools which allow a first-order assessment of ecosystem structure and functioning. This work demonstrates how results of ecohydrodynamic model can be used by managers in the assessment of coastal ecosystem status and proposes mapping of characteristic coastal zone regions for management purposes.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73855709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625536
U. Lips, I. Lips, V. Kikas, N. Kuvaldina
Ferrybox measurements are carried out in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) in a regular basis since 1997. Routines for data acquisition are developed enabling near real-time data delivery for operational models. Cross-gulf high-resolution temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a fluorescence profiles collected in 2007 are used to describe meso-scale variability of hydrophysical and -biological fields in the gulf. It is shown that higher values of chlorophyll a concentration are more often observed in the coastal areas and in the vicinity of a quasi-permanent salinity front in the central Gulf of Finland.
{"title":"Ferrybox measurements: a tool to study meso-scale processes in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)","authors":"U. Lips, I. Lips, V. Kikas, N. Kuvaldina","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625536","url":null,"abstract":"Ferrybox measurements are carried out in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) in a regular basis since 1997. Routines for data acquisition are developed enabling near real-time data delivery for operational models. Cross-gulf high-resolution temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a fluorescence profiles collected in 2007 are used to describe meso-scale variability of hydrophysical and -biological fields in the gulf. It is shown that higher values of chlorophyll a concentration are more often observed in the coastal areas and in the vicinity of a quasi-permanent salinity front in the central Gulf of Finland.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80567611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625540
H. Seim, L. Leonard, D. Savidge, M. Fletcher
A series of observing platforms deployed between Cape Henry, VA and Cape Canaveral, FL provide multi-year records of winds, surface currents, current profiles and vertical stratification at a number of locations on the shallow southeast US continental shelf and are used to construct a seasonal circulation pattern. Upwelling-favorable winds and circulation in summer promote poleward shelf transport and stratification in summertime, assisted near the shelfbreak by the influence of the Gulf Stream. Downwelling-favorable winds and circulation dominate in fall and winter, but mean alongshore currents are weak and cross-shelf exchange is strong relative to the alongshore flow. Convection driven by thermal cooling over the shallowly sloping shelf is explored as a potentially important component of the observed wintertime circulation. This observing system-based Eulerian depiction of the circulation described above is compared with previous published seasonal circulation patterns and Lagrangian representations from drifter and modeling studies. The consistency of the results over the domain is considered to assess the adequacy of the observing system to resolve subregional-scale circulation features.
{"title":"Observing system depiction of circulation on the SE US coastal ocean","authors":"H. Seim, L. Leonard, D. Savidge, M. Fletcher","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625540","url":null,"abstract":"A series of observing platforms deployed between Cape Henry, VA and Cape Canaveral, FL provide multi-year records of winds, surface currents, current profiles and vertical stratification at a number of locations on the shallow southeast US continental shelf and are used to construct a seasonal circulation pattern. Upwelling-favorable winds and circulation in summer promote poleward shelf transport and stratification in summertime, assisted near the shelfbreak by the influence of the Gulf Stream. Downwelling-favorable winds and circulation dominate in fall and winter, but mean alongshore currents are weak and cross-shelf exchange is strong relative to the alongshore flow. Convection driven by thermal cooling over the shallowly sloping shelf is explored as a potentially important component of the observed wintertime circulation. This observing system-based Eulerian depiction of the circulation described above is compared with previous published seasonal circulation patterns and Lagrangian representations from drifter and modeling studies. The consistency of the results over the domain is considered to assess the adequacy of the observing system to resolve subregional-scale circulation features.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73468036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625527
A. Stips, K. Bolding, M. Lilover
The aim of the present study is to simulate larger salt water inflows from the North Sea into the Baltic Sea reaching the Gotland Deep with the GETM (http://getm.eu) hydrodynamical model. Specifically we want to test the influence of different model settings, different initial conditions and a variety of forcing conditions on the occurrences of salt water inflows.The model area covers the whole Baltic Sea and North Sea, therefore no prescribed sealevel forcing in the Kattegat area is applied. Initial conditions and 3D boundary conditions are derived from climatological data. The tidal forcing at the open boundaries in the English Channel and the open North Sea are constructed from 13 partial tides taken from the TOPEX/POSEIDON harmonical tide analysis. Relatively coarse meteorological forcing available from ECMWF re-analysis data was used and seems to be of sufficient spatial resolution in order to reproduce the main features of the inflow dynamics during recent years. For the river inflow we used climatological data for the 30 most important rivers within the model area. It can be demonstrated, that the basic dynamics of sea level variations in that area is already reproduced by forcing the model with such low resolution meteorological data (0.5deg*0.5deg). Also the main characteristics of bottom and surface salinity are most of the time simulated sufficiently well. Further we are able to show, that for the larger events the inflowing salt water from the Belt Sea is also progressing in the simulations until it reaches the Gotland Deep. Finally we compare the modeled scenarios of the 2002 and 2003 inflows with measured data. From that we try to identify the most important criteria that allow salt water inflows to occur and we try to better assess the range of uncertainty.
{"title":"Scenario simulations of recent Baltic Sea inflows using the hydrodynamic transport model GETM","authors":"A. Stips, K. Bolding, M. Lilover","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625527","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to simulate larger salt water inflows from the North Sea into the Baltic Sea reaching the Gotland Deep with the GETM (http://getm.eu) hydrodynamical model. Specifically we want to test the influence of different model settings, different initial conditions and a variety of forcing conditions on the occurrences of salt water inflows.The model area covers the whole Baltic Sea and North Sea, therefore no prescribed sealevel forcing in the Kattegat area is applied. Initial conditions and 3D boundary conditions are derived from climatological data. The tidal forcing at the open boundaries in the English Channel and the open North Sea are constructed from 13 partial tides taken from the TOPEX/POSEIDON harmonical tide analysis. Relatively coarse meteorological forcing available from ECMWF re-analysis data was used and seems to be of sufficient spatial resolution in order to reproduce the main features of the inflow dynamics during recent years. For the river inflow we used climatological data for the 30 most important rivers within the model area. It can be demonstrated, that the basic dynamics of sea level variations in that area is already reproduced by forcing the model with such low resolution meteorological data (0.5deg*0.5deg). Also the main characteristics of bottom and surface salinity are most of the time simulated sufficiently well. Further we are able to show, that for the larger events the inflowing salt water from the Belt Sea is also progressing in the simulations until it reaches the Gotland Deep. Finally we compare the modeled scenarios of the 2002 and 2003 inflows with measured data. From that we try to identify the most important criteria that allow salt water inflows to occur and we try to better assess the range of uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82188257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625530
N. Berezina, S. Golubkov
The present study focuses on destabilizing changes in macroinvertebrate communities in shallow stony-sandy littoral (depths of 0-1 m) of the Neva estuary, easternmost part of Baltic Sea caused by eutrophication phenomena (proliferation of fast-growing filamentous algae Cladophora glomerata, depletion in oxygen and enrichment in total phosphorus during the algae decomposition). Habitat characteristics (temperature, salinity, total phosphorus, and oxygen), biomass of attached and drifting C. glomerata, taxonomical composition, abundance and biomass of zoobenthos were studied since May to October 2003-2005. Also, horizontal distribution of macroinvertebrates in the shallow areas during period of maximum biomasses of drifting algae (in 2005) was studied in the shallow zone up to 60 m-distance from the shore. We conclude that coastal eutrophication phenomena (pollution of habitats by drift algae, temporal hypoxia) caused widespread mortality of macroinvertebrates resulting in shifts of structure and at least 10 times decrease in biomass of macroinvertebrates in shallow areas. Maximum effects were recorded at near-shore areas with high biomass (315-445 g dry weight m-2) of drifting algae, while at the greater distances (30-60 m) the biomass of drift algae decreased, hypoxia was not recorded, and biomass of benthic macrofauna reached 24.3-30.8 g wet weight m-2. Only species with opportunistic life strategy and high resistance to oxygenation are able to survive and dominate in coastal area of the Neva estuary with temporal oxygen depletion inducing by macroalgae decomposition.
{"title":"Responses of coastal zoobenthos to stress induced by drifting algae in the Neva estuary","authors":"N. Berezina, S. Golubkov","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625530","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on destabilizing changes in macroinvertebrate communities in shallow stony-sandy littoral (depths of 0-1 m) of the Neva estuary, easternmost part of Baltic Sea caused by eutrophication phenomena (proliferation of fast-growing filamentous algae Cladophora glomerata, depletion in oxygen and enrichment in total phosphorus during the algae decomposition). Habitat characteristics (temperature, salinity, total phosphorus, and oxygen), biomass of attached and drifting C. glomerata, taxonomical composition, abundance and biomass of zoobenthos were studied since May to October 2003-2005. Also, horizontal distribution of macroinvertebrates in the shallow areas during period of maximum biomasses of drifting algae (in 2005) was studied in the shallow zone up to 60 m-distance from the shore. We conclude that coastal eutrophication phenomena (pollution of habitats by drift algae, temporal hypoxia) caused widespread mortality of macroinvertebrates resulting in shifts of structure and at least 10 times decrease in biomass of macroinvertebrates in shallow areas. Maximum effects were recorded at near-shore areas with high biomass (315-445 g dry weight m-2) of drifting algae, while at the greater distances (30-60 m) the biomass of drift algae decreased, hypoxia was not recorded, and biomass of benthic macrofauna reached 24.3-30.8 g wet weight m-2. Only species with opportunistic life strategy and high resistance to oxygenation are able to survive and dominate in coastal area of the Neva estuary with temporal oxygen depletion inducing by macroalgae decomposition.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87700260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625547
V. Alari, A. Erm, G. Vali, I. Lips, U. Lips
Underwater irradiation profiles in the north-eastern Baltic Sea near the Estonian northern and north- western coast, near Helsinki, and in the central part of Gulf of Finland were measured in spring and summer 2007. The vertical profiles of downwelling and scalar irradiance in the PAR region were measured in situ using a frame completed with two planar and a spherical PAR sensor. The measuring system allows the calculation of the mean attenuation coefficients of a water column of scalar irradiance (Ko). Optical density of the sea water was varying from 0.13 m-1 (Tallinn-Helsinki line, May) up to 0.85 m-1 (Tallinn-Helsinki line, April). The concentrations of optically active substances were highly variable; the chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.7-21.4 mg m-3, the suspended particulate matter concentration from 1-7 mg l-1 and the concentration of dissolved organic matter from 2.1-5.8 mg l-1. The water transparency was much better in May compared to April 2007. Also, it is seen, that excepting the stations immediately near the port and ship line, the Gulf of Finland was quite clear, especially in May. Correlations between the water depth and optical density were calculated for the shallows near Hiiumaa. Water quality based on measurements conducted in summer 2007 at North-Western Estonian coastal waters indicates that the water quality was on average satisfactory; associating values for diffuse attenuation coefficient was 0.5 m-1, Secchi depth 3.7 m and chlorophyll a concentration 8 mg m-3.
{"title":"Optical properties of north-eastern Baltic Sea in spring and summer 2007","authors":"V. Alari, A. Erm, G. Vali, I. Lips, U. Lips","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625547","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater irradiation profiles in the north-eastern Baltic Sea near the Estonian northern and north- western coast, near Helsinki, and in the central part of Gulf of Finland were measured in spring and summer 2007. The vertical profiles of downwelling and scalar irradiance in the PAR region were measured in situ using a frame completed with two planar and a spherical PAR sensor. The measuring system allows the calculation of the mean attenuation coefficients of a water column of scalar irradiance (Ko). Optical density of the sea water was varying from 0.13 m-1 (Tallinn-Helsinki line, May) up to 0.85 m-1 (Tallinn-Helsinki line, April). The concentrations of optically active substances were highly variable; the chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.7-21.4 mg m-3, the suspended particulate matter concentration from 1-7 mg l-1 and the concentration of dissolved organic matter from 2.1-5.8 mg l-1. The water transparency was much better in May compared to April 2007. Also, it is seen, that excepting the stations immediately near the port and ship line, the Gulf of Finland was quite clear, especially in May. Correlations between the water depth and optical density were calculated for the shallows near Hiiumaa. Water quality based on measurements conducted in summer 2007 at North-Western Estonian coastal waters indicates that the water quality was on average satisfactory; associating values for diffuse attenuation coefficient was 0.5 m-1, Secchi depth 3.7 m and chlorophyll a concentration 8 mg m-3.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90753557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625543
S. Nerheim
2007 marked a shift in the perception of climate change. In Sweden, a wet and stormy winter coincided with increased coverage of climate change. Among the most important ones were the Stern report, IPCC's Fourth assessment report (AR4) and the national investigation on climate and risk. During 2007, the demand for future climate information to support decision makers increased significantly. According to IPCC, the global mean sea level is predicted to rise between 18 to 59 cm, and a further increase due to regional effects should be included for the Baltic Sea. In the Bothnian Sea, the post-glacial rebound is large and will continue to outweigh or balance the sea level rise during the next 100 years. However, in the southern Baltic, the apparent land uplift is negative, and sea level rise will lead to increasing problems with flooding, erosion and rising ground water levels. SMHI water level observations show that the rate of sea level rise has increased during the last decades. Results from AR4 and four climate scenarios from the coupled Rossby center model for the Baltic Sea, RCAO, are used to provide scenarios of sea level rise in the Baltic Sea for 2071-2100. End users are local authorities in charge of land areas that will be heavily affected should sea levels rise or entrepreneurs who need background for construction design. For decision makers, continued research on the effects of climate change regarding sea level and other climate factors is important for planning purposes, and continued observational and modelling efforts should be combined with downscaling of climate model output to enable information on a local or regional scale.
{"title":"Growing demands for downscaling of climate information — examples from predictions of future sea levels","authors":"S. Nerheim","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625543","url":null,"abstract":"2007 marked a shift in the perception of climate change. In Sweden, a wet and stormy winter coincided with increased coverage of climate change. Among the most important ones were the Stern report, IPCC's Fourth assessment report (AR4) and the national investigation on climate and risk. During 2007, the demand for future climate information to support decision makers increased significantly. According to IPCC, the global mean sea level is predicted to rise between 18 to 59 cm, and a further increase due to regional effects should be included for the Baltic Sea. In the Bothnian Sea, the post-glacial rebound is large and will continue to outweigh or balance the sea level rise during the next 100 years. However, in the southern Baltic, the apparent land uplift is negative, and sea level rise will lead to increasing problems with flooding, erosion and rising ground water levels. SMHI water level observations show that the rate of sea level rise has increased during the last decades. Results from AR4 and four climate scenarios from the coupled Rossby center model for the Baltic Sea, RCAO, are used to provide scenarios of sea level rise in the Baltic Sea for 2071-2100. End users are local authorities in charge of land areas that will be heavily affected should sea levels rise or entrepreneurs who need background for construction design. For decision makers, continued research on the effects of climate change regarding sea level and other climate factors is important for planning purposes, and continued observational and modelling efforts should be combined with downscaling of climate model output to enable information on a local or regional scale.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90522895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625529
L. Tuomi, A. Sarkanen
Wave forecasts for the Baltic Sea area are made at the Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) four times a day using wind fields from Finnish Meteorological Institutepsilas (FMI) HIRLAM model as forcing data. The forecast length at present is 54 hours but in order to better serve the shipping and safety at the seas the forecast length will be extended to 72 hours within the year 2008. Since the FMI-HIRLAM forecasts only extend to 54 hours the forcing data for the remaining 18 hours or alternatively for the whole forecast length has to be taken from another atmospheric model. For this purpose the wind fields from European Center of Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric model have been tested for year 2007. The comparison of the wave forecasts runs with forcing wind fields from FMI and ECMWF atmospheric models shows that in open sea areas like the northern Baltic proper the differences between the forecasts are quite small. However, the wave forecasts run with FMI wind fields are better especially close to the coastlines, since with higher resolution (9 km) narrow gulfs and complex structure of the shoreline can be better described than with ECMWFpsilas ~25 km resolution.
{"title":"Wave forecasts for the Baltic Sea using ECMWF wind fields as forcing data","authors":"L. Tuomi, A. Sarkanen","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625529","url":null,"abstract":"Wave forecasts for the Baltic Sea area are made at the Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) four times a day using wind fields from Finnish Meteorological Institutepsilas (FMI) HIRLAM model as forcing data. The forecast length at present is 54 hours but in order to better serve the shipping and safety at the seas the forecast length will be extended to 72 hours within the year 2008. Since the FMI-HIRLAM forecasts only extend to 54 hours the forcing data for the remaining 18 hours or alternatively for the whole forecast length has to be taken from another atmospheric model. For this purpose the wind fields from European Center of Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric model have been tested for year 2007. The comparison of the wave forecasts runs with forcing wind fields from FMI and ECMWF atmospheric models shows that in open sea areas like the northern Baltic proper the differences between the forecasts are quite small. However, the wave forecasts run with FMI wind fields are better especially close to the coastlines, since with higher resolution (9 km) narrow gulfs and complex structure of the shoreline can be better described than with ECMWFpsilas ~25 km resolution.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79884429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625531
I. Sergievskaya, S. Ermakov
Numerical analysis of wave damping due to oil films of finite thickness was performed. The influence of physical parameters of oil films (volume, surface and interfacial viscosity, surface and interfacial tension and elasticity) on the wave damping and the wave number values was analysed in the frame of the model of two fluid layers. The results were applied to describe the data of previous laboratory experiments on wave damping due to crude oil films. The physical parameters of oil films were estimated when tuning the film parameters to fit theory to experimental dependencies of the damping coefficient on film thickness. It is obtained that crude oil films can be characterized by a complex viscoelasticity coefficient with comparably low real elasticity and high surface viscosity. The estimated parameters can satisfactory describe results of field experiments with crude oil films.
{"title":"On wave damping due to oil films","authors":"I. Sergievskaya, S. Ermakov","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625531","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical analysis of wave damping due to oil films of finite thickness was performed. The influence of physical parameters of oil films (volume, surface and interfacial viscosity, surface and interfacial tension and elasticity) on the wave damping and the wave number values was analysed in the frame of the model of two fluid layers. The results were applied to describe the data of previous laboratory experiments on wave damping due to crude oil films. The physical parameters of oil films were estimated when tuning the film parameters to fit theory to experimental dependencies of the damping coefficient on film thickness. It is obtained that crude oil films can be characterized by a complex viscoelasticity coefficient with comparably low real elasticity and high surface viscosity. The estimated parameters can satisfactory describe results of field experiments with crude oil films.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"509 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76401696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625567
I. Lake, L. Funkquist
During the fall of 2007 a project was initiated with the main aim to set up a test system for algae forecasts. Secondly the project was to, within its scope, perform a crude validation of the results. The final task for the project, which lasted until the end of December, was to present the results on the internal web. The system was based on the coupling between the ocean model HIROMB and the biogeochemical model SCOBI. The operational three-dimensional baroclinic ocean model HIROMB (High Resolution Operational Model for the Baltic Sea) covers the whole North Sea/Baltic Sea area and is run operationally in the resolutions 1, 3 and 12 nautical mile (nmi). In the test system the 3 nmi resolution was coupled, through turbulence and advection, to the one-dimensional biogeochemical model SCOBI (Swedish Coastal and Ocean BIogeochemical model) to form a forecast system for algae blooms in Skagerrak, Kattegat and the Baltic Sea. The SCOBI model includes the following variables: NO3, NH4, PO4, O2, H2S, detritus, diatoms, flagellates, cyanobacteria, zooplankton, bottom nitrogen and bottom phosphorus, of which only algae concentration was presented in this first stage. The forcing of the system was based upon HIRLAM C22 (high resolution limited area model, resolution 22 km) for the atmospheric parameters (wind and cloudiness) and HBV-Baltic (parted into 43 different sub-basins representing runoff areas) for fresh-water runoff and nutrients (phosphate, nitrate). For water level, including tides at the open sea border towards the NE Atlantic, the storm surge model NOAMOD was used and salinity and temperature at the open boundaries were based on monthly mean values. The set-up of the system was successfully performed and a crude validation for a nine-year hindcast period implied reasonable results. The project will during 2008 continue with the set-up of operational daily runs which will be presented together with satellite images on the internal Web (accessible also by an external reference panel) and with further validation of the forecasts. This will hopefully result in a system producing high quality daily algae forecasts which can be used in environmental surveillance and monitoring purposes.
{"title":"Operational forecasts of algae blooms in the Baltic Sea","authors":"I. Lake, L. Funkquist","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625567","url":null,"abstract":"During the fall of 2007 a project was initiated with the main aim to set up a test system for algae forecasts. Secondly the project was to, within its scope, perform a crude validation of the results. The final task for the project, which lasted until the end of December, was to present the results on the internal web. The system was based on the coupling between the ocean model HIROMB and the biogeochemical model SCOBI. The operational three-dimensional baroclinic ocean model HIROMB (High Resolution Operational Model for the Baltic Sea) covers the whole North Sea/Baltic Sea area and is run operationally in the resolutions 1, 3 and 12 nautical mile (nmi). In the test system the 3 nmi resolution was coupled, through turbulence and advection, to the one-dimensional biogeochemical model SCOBI (Swedish Coastal and Ocean BIogeochemical model) to form a forecast system for algae blooms in Skagerrak, Kattegat and the Baltic Sea. The SCOBI model includes the following variables: NO3, NH4, PO4, O2, H2S, detritus, diatoms, flagellates, cyanobacteria, zooplankton, bottom nitrogen and bottom phosphorus, of which only algae concentration was presented in this first stage. The forcing of the system was based upon HIRLAM C22 (high resolution limited area model, resolution 22 km) for the atmospheric parameters (wind and cloudiness) and HBV-Baltic (parted into 43 different sub-basins representing runoff areas) for fresh-water runoff and nutrients (phosphate, nitrate). For water level, including tides at the open sea border towards the NE Atlantic, the storm surge model NOAMOD was used and salinity and temperature at the open boundaries were based on monthly mean values. The set-up of the system was successfully performed and a crude validation for a nine-year hindcast period implied reasonable results. The project will during 2008 continue with the set-up of operational daily runs which will be presented together with satellite images on the internal Web (accessible also by an external reference panel) and with further validation of the forecasts. This will hopefully result in a system producing high quality daily algae forecasts which can be used in environmental surveillance and monitoring purposes.","PeriodicalId":6307,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75368120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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