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2010 11th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing最新文献

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The design of a CCA framework with distribution, parallelism, and recursive composition 基于分布式、并行和递归组合的CCA框架设计
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5698007
Francisco Heron de Carvalho Junior, Ricardo C. Corrêa
HPE is a platform of parallel components that complies to the # component model, whose components are intrinsically parallel. This paper describes the design of a new CCA framework based on HPE, aimed to reconcile distribution and parallelism of components. Besides exposing the essential differences between the two platforms, the new framework has a set of features that distinguishes it from other CCA frameworks.
HPE是一个遵循# component模型的并行组件平台,其组件本质上是并行的。本文设计了一种新的基于HPE的CCA框架,旨在协调组件的分布性和并行性。除了暴露两个平台之间的本质差异之外,新框架还具有一组将其与其他CCA框架区分开来的特性。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluating caching and storage options on the Amazon Web Services Cloud 评估亚马逊网络服务云上的缓存和存储选项
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697949
David Chiu, G. Agrawal
With the promise on-demand compute/storage resources, many users are deploying data-intensive scientific applications onto Clouds. To accelerate these applications, the prospect of caching intermediate data using the elastic compute and storage framework has proved promising. To this end, we believe that an in-depth study of cache placement decisions over various Cloud storage options would be highly beneficial to a large class of users. While tangential analyses have been proposed, ours in contrast focuses on cost-performance tradeoffs of maintaining a data cache with various parameters of any Cloud application. We have compared several Amazon Web Service (AWS Cloud) resources as possible cache placements and found that application dependent attributes like unit-data size, total cache size, and persistence, have far reaching implications on the cost of cache sustenance. Moreover, while instance-based caches expectedly yield higher cost, the performance that they afford may outweigh lower cost options.
随着按需计算/存储资源的承诺,许多用户正在将数据密集型科学应用程序部署到云上。为了加速这些应用程序,使用弹性计算和存储框架缓存中间数据的前景被证明是有希望的。为此,我们相信对各种云存储选项的缓存放置决策进行深入研究将对大量用户非常有益。虽然已经提出了相关的分析,但我们的对比侧重于使用任何云应用程序的各种参数维护数据缓存的成本-性能权衡。我们比较了几种Amazon Web Service (AWS云)资源作为可能的缓存位置,发现应用程序相关的属性,如单元数据大小、总缓存大小和持久性,对缓存维持的成本有深远的影响。此外,尽管基于实例的缓存预期会产生更高的成本,但它们提供的性能可能会超过成本更低的选项。
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引用次数: 35
The Globus Toolkit R-tree for partial spatial replica selection 用于部分空间副本选择的Globus Toolkit r树
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697951
Yun Tian, P. J. Rhodes
Partial Replicas have been used to parallelize access to regions of large spatial data sets on geographically distributed machines, saving network bandwidth and improving data availability. In this paper, we present the Globus Toolkit R-tree, (GTR-tree) to efficiently select partial replicas using the Globus Toolkit Replica Location Service (RLS) middleware. First, the limitations inherent in the Globus RLS service for spatial data are analyzed, motivating the usefulness of the GTR-tree for solving the partial replica selection problem. We then describe our implementation of the R-tree data structure on top of an unmodified Globus RLS. The R-tree is an important data structure for spatial computation, and results in very significant performance gains. Our performance results and evaluation demonstrate enormous improvements for spatial replica selection over a plain RLS.
部分副本已被用于并行访问地理上分布式机器上的大型空间数据集区域,从而节省网络带宽并提高数据可用性。在本文中,我们提出了Globus Toolkit R-tree (GTR-tree)来使用Globus Toolkit Replica Location Service (RLS)中间件有效地选择部分副本。首先,分析了Globus RLS服务对空间数据的固有限制,激发了gtr树在解决部分副本选择问题中的作用。然后,我们描述了在未修改的Globus RLS之上的r树数据结构的实现。R-tree是空间计算的重要数据结构,可以显著提高性能。我们的性能结果和评估表明,与普通RLS相比,空间副本选择有了巨大的改进。
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引用次数: 6
Power consumption and efficiency of cooling in a Data Center 数据中心的功耗和制冷效率
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697800
S. Itoh, Yuetsu Kodama, H. Shimizu, S. Sekiguchi, Hiroshi Nakamura, Naohiko Mori
Cooling power occupies large portion of power consumption in a Data Center. Improving efficiency of cooling is one of the most efficient ways to reduce power consumption in a Data Center. However it is not obvious how we can find out sufficient but not too much operation of cooling facility. In this paper, we measure temperature of racks, servers and processors and power consumption of IT equipment and CRAC under several different conditions. From these investigations, we find out the following. It is possible to reduce cooling power by leading cool air to rack directly. Monitoring processor temperature and controlling number of CRAC and volume of air are useful methods to adjust the capability of CRAC.
冷却功耗在数据中心的功耗中占很大一部分。提高冷却效率是降低数据中心能耗的最有效方法之一。然而,我们如何才能找到足够的,而不是太多的冷却设备的操作是不明显的。在本文中,我们测量了机架、服务器和处理器的温度以及IT设备和CRAC在几种不同条件下的功耗。从这些调查中,我们发现了以下几点。可以通过将冷气直接引入机架来降低冷却功率。监控处理机温度、控制处理机数量和风量是调节处理机性能的有效方法。
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引用次数: 7
Conflict-minimizing dynamic load balancing for P2P desktop Grid 基于冲突最小化的P2P桌面网格动态负载均衡
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697946
S. Di, Cho-Li Wang
Fully decentralized resource allocation for P2P desktop Grid allows each participating node to act as both resource provider and requester. The system performance indicators (including throughput, makespan, etc) are easily degraded by the unbalanced load distribution, which is probably caused by the fast-changing states of heterogeneous resources due to arbitrary task submissions. Although the cooperative load rebalancing methods can mitigate the problem, they are likely to introduce the contention on under-utilized resources with growing task arrival rates, leading to the sub-optimal load balancing efficacy. Our focus is on how to optimize load balancing status by taking into account minimizing the conflict of autonomic task migration decisions in P2P desktop Grid. Our load rebalancing process is modeled as a set of independent stochastic Bernoulli trials by letting each heavily loaded node push its surplus loads to its surrounding lightly loaded nodes. We proved that the surplus load amount should be shifted based on a proper ratio by considering decision conflicts and designed a novel load balancing algorithm with provably small decision conflict probability. We derived an upper-bound for this probability, which will be reduced down to about 2% under our algorithm. Finally, we validated via simulation that the system performance can be significantly improved accordingly.
完全分散的P2P桌面网格资源分配允许每个参与节点同时充当资源提供者和请求者。系统的性能指标(包括吞吐量、makespan等)很容易因负载分配不平衡而降低,这可能是由于任意任务提交导致异构资源状态快速变化造成的。尽管协作式负载再平衡方法可以缓解这一问题,但随着任务到达率的增加,它们可能会引入对未充分利用的资源的争用,从而导致负载均衡效果不佳。我们的研究重点是如何在P2P桌面网格中通过考虑最小化自主任务迁移决策的冲突来优化负载平衡状态。我们的负载再平衡过程被建模为一组独立的随机伯努利试验,通过让每个重负载节点将其剩余负载推送到周围的轻负载节点。在考虑决策冲突的情况下,证明了剩余负载量应按适当比例进行转移,并设计了一种新的负载均衡算法,该算法具有可证明的决策冲突概率小的特点。我们推导了这个概率的上限,在我们的算法下,这个上限将降低到2%左右。最后,我们通过仿真验证了系统性能可以得到显著提高。
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引用次数: 5
Piraha: A simplified grammar parser for component little languages Piraha:用于组件小语言的简化语法解析器
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5698011
Steven R. Brandt, Gabrielle Allen
Software codes in scientific computing often implement their own little languages for expressing configuration data, interface definitions, and runtime parameters. Such languages are of particular importance for component-based frameworks. These languages can initially be somewhat ad-hoc and then expand organically.
科学计算中的软件代码通常实现它们自己的小语言来表示配置数据、接口定义和运行时参数。这类语言对于基于组件的框架尤为重要。这些语言最初可能有些特别,然后有组织地扩展。
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引用次数: 6
Towards negotiable SLA-based QoS support for biomedical data services 为生物医学数据服务提供可协商的基于sla的QoS支持
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697972
G. Engelbrecht, J. Bisbal, S. Benkner, Alejandro F Frangi
Researchers in data intensive domains, like the Virtual Physiological Human initiative (VPH-I), are commonly overwhelmed with the vast and increasing amount of data available. Advanced studies in biomedicine and other domains often require a considerable amount of effort to achieve data access to a critical mass of relevant data to analyze the problem at hand. We aim to improve this situation and propose a novel application of Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms for data services. This enables scientists to obtain exactly the data they require, rather than being spoilt for choice which data source might comprise suitable data. The proposed QoS support includes a negotiation model based on service level agreements (SLAs), which in turn comprises data-related service level objectives (SLOs) to express the required guarantees about the quantity or quality of data. Moreover a corresponding QoS management model is presented which resolves the complex process of the SLA generation within data access and data mediation services. The benefits of this approach are materialized in the context of the @neurIST data environment and an initial experimental evaluation demonstrates promising performance improvements in a real world scenario.
数据密集型领域的研究人员,如虚拟生理人计划(Virtual Physiological Human initiative, VPH-I),通常被大量不断增加的可用数据所淹没。生物医学和其他领域的高级研究往往需要付出相当大的努力,才能获得关键数量的相关数据,以分析手头的问题。我们的目标是改善这种情况,并提出了一种新的数据服务质量(QoS)机制的应用。这使科学家能够准确地获得他们需要的数据,而不是被选择哪个数据源可能包含合适的数据所困扰。建议的QoS支持包括一个基于服务水平协议(sla)的协商模型,该模型又由与数据相关的服务水平目标(slo)组成,以表示对数据数量或质量的所需保证。提出了相应的QoS管理模型,解决了数据访问和数据中介服务中SLA生成的复杂过程。这种方法的好处在@neurIST数据环境中得到了体现,初步的实验评估表明,在现实世界的场景中,这种方法的性能有了很大的提高。
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引用次数: 4
Integrating WS-Agreement with a framework for service-oriented infrastructures 将WS-Agreement与面向服务的基础结构框架集成
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697977
Peter Chronz, P. Wieder
Service level agreements are an intrinsic part of service level management frameworks. They are electronic contracts, or part of a contract, and capture quality-of-service guarantees, responsibilities and constraints related to the provision and consumption of services. In the area of distributed systems a handful of service level agreement specifications exist, designed to support the automated management of service-related agreements. Each of these specifications has a different focus and targets a different group of usage scenarios and stakeholders. In this paper, we show, based on the example of the WS-Agreement specification, how to make use of SLA@SOI's service level agreement model SLA* to map between different service level agreement representations and thus be able to integrate a variety of different specifications into one service-oriented infrastructure.
服务水平协议是服务水平管理框架的内在组成部分。它们是电子合同,或合同的一部分,并捕获与服务的提供和消费相关的服务质量保证、责任和约束。在分布式系统领域,存在少量服务水平协议规范,旨在支持与服务相关的协议的自动化管理。这些规范中的每一个都有不同的重点,并针对不同的使用场景和涉众。在本文中,我们以WS-Agreement规范为例,展示了如何利用SLA@SOI的服务级别协议模型SLA*在不同的服务级别协议表示之间进行映射,从而能够将各种不同的规范集成到一个面向服务的基础结构中。
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引用次数: 9
Static and dynamic overprovisioning strategies for performance consistency in grids 网格中性能一致性的静态和动态过度供应策略
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5697960
N. Yigitbasi, D. Epema
It is not uncommon that grid users observe highly variable performance when they submit similar workloads at different times. From the users' point of view, such inconsistent performance is undesirable, and it leads to user dissatisfaction and confusion. We tackle this performance inconsistency problem using overprovisioning which is increasing the system capacity by a factor that we call the overprovisioning factor (к). Although overprovisioning is not cost effective, its simplicity makes it the preferred method for providing performance guarantees. Hence in this work, we present a realistic investigation of overprovisioning in grids. Towards this end, first we present a performance and cost evaluation of static and dynamic overprovisioning strategies. We find that the dynamic overprovisioning strategy, for which we use computing clouds, provides better consistency with lower costs compared to static strategies, and overprovisioning beyond a certain value of к (in our case к=2.5) incurs significant costs without significant consistency improvements. Then, we design and evaluate a feedback-controlled system to dynamically determine к to give performance guarantees to grid users. We show that our system determines к dynamically and provides significant improvements over the initial system, as high as 67%, in the number of jobs that meet the performance requirements.
当网格用户在不同时间提交类似的工作负载时,他们观察到的性能变化很大,这种情况并不少见。从用户的角度来看,这种不一致的性能是不可取的,它会导致用户的不满和困惑。我们使用过度配置来解决这个性能不一致的问题,过度配置通过一个我们称之为过度配置因素的因素来增加系统容量。尽管过度配置并不符合成本效益,但它的简单性使其成为提供性能保证的首选方法。因此,在这项工作中,我们对电网中的过度供应进行了现实的研究。为此,我们首先给出静态和动态过度供应策略的性能和成本评估。我们发现,与静态策略相比,我们使用计算云的动态过度供应策略以更低的成本提供了更好的一致性,并且超过一定值的过度供应(在我们的示例中,是指在没有显著一致性改进的情况下)会导致显著的成本。然后,我们设计并评估了一个反馈控制系统,以动态确定为电网用户提供性能保证的参数。我们表明,我们的系统动态地决定,并在满足性能要求的作业数量方面提供了比初始系统显著的改进,高达67%。
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引用次数: 3
Adaptation strategies for self-management of tree overlay networks 树覆盖网络自管理的自适应策略
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GRID.2010.5698019
Evangelos Pournaras, M. Warnier, F. Brazier
Self-management of tree overlay networks for distributed applications is the challenge this paper addresses. Eight local adaptation strategies are introduced based on which autonomous self-organized agents establish connections that build and maintain a tree topology. Quantitative and qualitative experimental evaluation illustrates and compares the effects of adaptation strategies in the resulting tree topologies according to a defined self-organization goal and four metrics: connectedness, connectivity, instability and robustness. This paper concludes that further applicability of adaptation strategies in other self-organization goals and topologies is promising.
分布式应用树形覆盖网络的自管理是本文所要解决的问题。引入了八种局部适应策略,基于这些策略,自主自组织代理建立连接,构建并维护树形拓扑结构。根据定义的自组织目标和四个指标:连通性、连通性、不稳定性和鲁棒性,定量和定性实验评估说明并比较了适应策略在产生的树拓扑中的效果。本文的结论是,适应策略在其他自组织目标和拓扑结构中的进一步适用性是有希望的。
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引用次数: 14
期刊
2010 11th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing
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