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Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene activates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway to alleviate progressive oxidative stress and promote placental nutrient transport. 膳食中补充紫檀芪可激活 PI3K-AKT-mTOR 信号通路,从而缓解进行性氧化应激并促进胎盘营养运输。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01090-9
Mingming Cao, Liyun Bai, Haoyun Wei, Yantong Guo, Guodong Sun, Haoyang Sun, Baoming Shi

Background: Progressive oxidative stress easily occurs as a result of a gradual increase in the intensity of maternal metabolism due to rapid foetal development and increased intensity of lactation. However, studies on the effects of processive oxidative stress on nutrient transport in the placenta have received little attention. The present study was conducted on sows at 85 days of gestation to study the effects of pterostilbene (PTE) on maternal oxidative stress status and placental nutrient transport.

Results: PTE increased the antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin content in mothers' blood and milk, reduced the level of inflammatory factors, and improved the nutrient content of milk. PTE also reduced sow backfat loss and the number of weak sons, and increased piglet weaning weight and total weaning litter weight. We subsequently found that PTE enhanced placental glucose and fatty acid transport and further affected glycolipid metabolism by increasing the expression of LAL, PYGM, and Gbe-1, which activated the PI3K phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, PTE addition altered the relative abundance of the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Parabacillus, and Bacteroidetes-like RF16 groups in sow faeces. PTE increased the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate and isovalerate in the faeces.

Conclusions: These findings reveal that the addition of PTE during pregnancy and lactation mitigates the effects of processive oxidative stress on offspring development by altering maternal microbial and placental nutrient transport capacity.

背景:由于胎儿的快速发育和泌乳强度的增加,母体新陈代谢的强度逐渐增加,很容易发生渐进性氧化应激。然而,有关过程性氧化应激对胎盘中营养物质运输的影响的研究却很少受到关注。本研究以妊娠 85 天的母猪为对象,研究紫檀芪(PTE)对母体氧化应激状态和胎盘营养运输的影响:结果:PTE 提高了母体血液和乳汁中的抗氧化能力和免疫球蛋白含量,降低了炎症因子水平,改善了乳汁的营养成分。PTE 还能减少母猪背膘损失和弱仔数,增加仔猪断奶重和断奶窝总重。我们随后发现,PTE 可增强胎盘葡萄糖和脂肪酸的转运,并通过增加 LAL、PYGM 和 Gbe-1 的表达进一步影响糖脂代谢,从而激活 PI3K 磷酸化途径。此外,PTE 的添加还改变了母猪粪便中固着菌、变形菌、副杆菌和类杆菌 RF16 群的相对丰度。PTE 增加了粪便中乙酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯和异戊酸酯的含量:这些研究结果表明,在妊娠期和哺乳期添加 PTE 可通过改变母体微生物和胎盘的营养运输能力,减轻过程性氧化应激对后代发育的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The goat pan-genome reveals patterns of gene loss during domestication. 山羊泛基因组揭示了驯化过程中基因丢失的模式。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01092-7
Jiaxin Liu, Yilong Shi, Dongxin Mo, Lingyun Luo, Songsong Xu, Fenghua Lv

Background: Unveiling genetic diversity features and understanding the genetic mechanisms of diverse goat phenotypes are pivotal in facilitating the preservation and utilization of these genetic resources. However, the total genetic diversity within a species can't be captured by the reference genome of a single individual. The pan-genome is a collection of all the DNA sequences that occur in a species, and it is expected to capture the total genomic diversity of the specific species.

Results: We constructed a goat pan-genome using map-to-pan assemble based on 813 individuals, including 723 domestic goats and 90 samples from their wild relatives, which presented a broad regional and global representation. In total, 146 Mb sequences and 974 genes were identified as absent from the reference genome (ARS1.2; GCF_001704415.2). We identified 3,190 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the pan-genome analysis. These novel SNPs could properly reveal the population structure of domestic goats and their wild relatives. Presence/absence variation (PAV) analysis revealed gene loss and intense negative selection during domestication and improvement.

Conclusions: Our research highlights the importance of the goat pan-genome in capturing the missing genetic variations. It reveals the changes in genomic architecture during goat domestication and improvement, such as gene loss. This improves our understanding of the evolutionary and breeding history of goats.

背景:揭示遗传多样性特征和了解不同山羊表型的遗传机制对于促进这些遗传资源的保护和利用至关重要。然而,单个个体的参考基因组无法捕捉物种内的全部遗传多样性。泛基因组是一个物种中所有 DNA 序列的集合,它有望捕捉特定物种的总基因组多样性:我们基于 813 个个体(包括 723 个家养山羊和 90 个野生近缘种山羊样本),利用图谱-图谱组装技术构建了山羊泛基因组,呈现出广泛的区域和全球代表性。在参考基因组(ARS1.2;GCF_001704415.2)中总共发现了 146 Mb 序列和 974 个缺失基因。通过泛基因组分析,我们发现了 3190 个新的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)。这些新的 SNPs 可以正确揭示家山羊及其野生近缘种的种群结构。存在/不存在变异(PAV)分析揭示了驯化和改良过程中的基因丢失和强烈的负选择:我们的研究强调了山羊泛基因组在捕捉缺失基因变异方面的重要性。它揭示了山羊驯化和改良过程中基因组结构的变化,如基因丢失。这加深了我们对山羊进化和育种历史的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Curcumin attenuates ochratoxin A and hypoxia co-induced liver injury in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by dual targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via reducing ROS content. 姜黄素通过降低 ROS 含量,以内质网应激和细胞凋亡为双重目标,减轻赭曲霉毒素 A 和缺氧共同诱导的草鱼肝损伤。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01089-2
Liangqin Wu, Piao Zhao, Pei Wu, Weidan Jiang, Yang Liu, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Lin Feng

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxin widely found in aquafeed ingredients, and hypoxia is a common problem in fish farming. In practice, aquatic animals tend to be more sensitive to hypoxia while feeds are contaminated with OTA, but no studies exist in this area. This research investigated the multiple biotoxicities of OTA and hypoxia combined on the liver of grass carp and explored the mitigating effect of curcumin (CUR).

Methods: A total of 720 healthy juvenile grass carp (11.06 ± 0.05 g) were selected and assigned randomly to 4 experimental groups: control group (without OTA and CUR), 1.2 mg/kg OTA group, 400 mg/kg CUR group, and 1.2 mg/kg OTA + 400 mg/kg CUR group with three replicates each for 60 d. Subsequently, 32 fish were selected, divided into normoxia (18 fish) and hypoxia (18 fish) groups, and subjected to hypoxia stress for 96 h.

Results: CUR can attenuate histopathological damage caused by coming to OTA and hypoxia by reducing vacuolation and nuclear excursion. The alleviation of this damage was associated with the attenuation of apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway by decreasing the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase 3, 8, 9, Bax, and Apaf1 while increasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) by reducing Grp78 expression and chop levels. This may be attributed to the fact that the addition of CUR increased the levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GSH), increased antioxidant capacity, and ensured the proper functioning of respiratory chain complexes I and II, which in turn reduced the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus alleviating apoptosis and ERS.

Conclusions: In conclusion, our data demonstrate the effectiveness of CUR in attenuating liver injury caused by the combination of OTA and hypoxia. This study confirms the feasibility and efficacy of adding natural products to mitigate toxic damage to aquatic animals.

背景:赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA) 是一种广泛存在于水产饲料成分中的毒素,而缺氧是养鱼业中的一个常见问题。在实践中,当饲料受到 OTA 污染时,水生动物往往对缺氧更敏感,但目前还没有这方面的研究。本研究调查了 OTA 和缺氧对草鱼肝脏的多重生物毒性,并探讨了姜黄素(CUR)的缓解作用:方法:选取720尾健康草鱼幼鱼(11.06 ± 0.05 g),随机分为4个实验组:对照组(不含OTA和姜黄素)、1.2 mg/kg OTA组、400 mg/kg CUR组和1.2 mg/kg OTA + 400 mg/kg CUR组,每组3个重复,实验60 d:结果:CUR可通过减少空泡化和核偏移来减轻因OTA和缺氧造成的组织病理学损伤。这种损伤的减轻与线粒体途径中凋亡的减轻有关,因为它降低了促凋亡蛋白 Caspase 3、8、9、Bax 和 Apaf1 的表达,同时增加了抗凋亡蛋白 Bcl-2 的表达,并通过降低 Grp78 的表达和切碎水平减轻了内质网应激(ERS)。这可能是由于 CUR 的添加提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH)的水平,增加了抗氧化能力,确保了呼吸链复合物 I 和 II 的正常运行,进而减少了活性氧(ROS)的大量产生,从而缓解了细胞凋亡和 ERS:总之,我们的数据证明了 CUR 在减轻 OTA 和缺氧共同造成的肝损伤方面的有效性。这项研究证实了添加天然产品以减轻水生动物毒性损伤的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal stress and the early embryonic microenvironment: investigating long-term cortisol effects on bovine oviductal epithelial cells using air-liquid interface culture. 母体压力与早期胚胎微环境:利用气液界面培养法研究皮质醇对牛输卵管上皮细胞的长期影响。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01087-4
Fiona Wahl, Jianchao Huo, Shuaizhi Du, Jennifer Schoen, Shuai Chen

The oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization, offering the microenvironment before implantation. This early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress, which can cause reduced fertility and reproductive disorders in mammals. Nevertheless, the local impact of elevated stress hormones on the oviduct epithelium has received limited attention to date, except for a few reports on polyovulatory species like mice and pigs. In this study, we focused on the effects of chronic maternal stress on cattle, given its association with infertility issues in this monoovulatory species. Bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were stimulated with 250 nmol/L cortisol for 1 or 3 weeks. Subsequently, they were assessed for morphology, bioelectrical properties, and gene expression related to oviduct function, glucocorticoid pathway, cortisol metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Results revealed adverse effects of cortisol on epithelium structure, featured by deciliation, vacuole formation, and multilayering. Additionally, cortisol exposure led to an increase in transepithelial potential difference, downregulated mRNA expression of the major glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), upregulated the expression of cortisol-responsive genes (FKBP5, TSC22D3), and significant downregulation of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) and steroid receptors PGR and ESR1. The systematic comparison to a similar experiment previously performed by us in porcine oviduct epithelial cells, indicated that bovine cultures were more susceptible to elevated cortisol levels than porcine. The distinct responses between both species are likely linked to their divergence in the cortisol-induced expression changes of HSD11B2, an enzyme controlling the cellular capacity to metabolise cortisol. These findings provide insights into the species-specific reactions and reproductive consequences triggered by maternal stress.

输卵管上皮是胚胎受精后最初与母体接触的部位,为胚胎植入提供了微环境。妊娠早期对应激尤为敏感,应激可导致哺乳动物生育能力下降和生殖障碍。然而,迄今为止,除了少数关于小鼠和猪等多排卵物种的报道外,应激激素升高对输卵管上皮细胞局部影响的关注还很有限。在本研究中,我们重点研究了慢性母体应激对牛的影响,因为这种应激与牛这种单排卵物种的不孕问题有关。用 250 nmol/L 皮质醇刺激在气液界面(ALI)分化的牛输卵管上皮细胞(BOEC)1 或 3 周。随后,对它们的形态、生物电特性以及与输卵管功能、糖皮质激素途径、皮质醇代谢、炎症和细胞凋亡有关的基因表达进行了评估。结果显示,皮质醇对上皮细胞结构有不利影响,主要表现为脱落、空泡形成和多层化。此外,皮质醇暴露导致跨上皮电位差增加,主要糖皮质激素受体(NR3C1)mRNA表达下调,皮质醇反应基因(FKBP5、TSC22D3)表达上调,输卵管糖蛋白1(OVGP1)及类固醇受体PGR和ESR1显著下调。与我们以前在猪输卵管上皮细胞中进行的类似实验进行的系统比较表明,牛培养物比猪培养物更容易受到皮质醇水平升高的影响。这两个物种的不同反应可能与它们在皮质醇诱导的 HSD11B2 表达变化方面的差异有关,HSD11B2 是一种控制细胞代谢皮质醇能力的酶。这些发现为了解母性压力引发的物种特异性反应和生殖后果提供了深入的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of microbe-derived antioxidants on growth performance, hepatic oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in weaning piglets. 微生物衍生抗氧化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、肝脏氧化应激、线粒体功能和细胞凋亡的影响
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01088-3
Chengbing Yu, Yuxiao Luo, Cheng Shen, Zhen Luo, Hongcai Zhang, Jing Zhang, Weina Xu, Jianxiong Xu

Background: Weaning causes redox dyshomeostasis in piglets, which leads to hepatic oxidative damage. Microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) have great potential for anti-oxidation. This study aimed to investigate changes in hepatic redox system, mitochondrial function and apoptosis after weaning, and effects of MA on growth performance and liver health in weaning piglets.

Methods: This study consisted of 2 experiments. In the both experiments, piglets were weaned at 21 days of age. In Exp. 1, at 21 (W0), 22 (W1), 25 (W4), 28 (W7), and 35 (W14) days of age, 6 piglets were slaughtered at each timepoint. In Exp. 2, piglets were divided into 2 groups: one received MA gavage (MA) and the other received saline gavage (CON). At 25 days of age, 6 piglets from each group were sacrificed.

Results: In Exp. 1, weaning caused growth inhibition and liver developmental retardation from W0 to W4. The mRNA sequencing between W0 and W4 revealed that pathways related to "regulation of apoptotic process" and "reactive oxygen species metabolic process" were enriched. Further study showed that weaning led to higher hepatic content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 and O2-. Weaning enhanced mitochondrial fission and suppressed their fusion, activated mitophagy, thus triggering cell apoptosis. In Exp. 2, MA improved growth performance of piglets with higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). The hepatic ROS, as well as products of oxidative damage malonaldehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the MA group decreased significantly than that of the CON group. The MA elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, increased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (MRC) I and IV, enhanced mitochondrial fusion and reduced mitophagy, thus decreasing cell apoptosis.

Conclusions: The present study showed that MA improved the growth performance of weaning piglets and reversed weaning-induced oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Our results suggested that MA had promising prospects for maintaining liver health in weaning piglets and provided a reference for studies of liver diseases in humans.

背景:断奶会造成仔猪体内氧化还原失衡,从而导致肝脏氧化损伤。微生物衍生抗氧化剂(MA)在抗氧化方面具有巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨断奶后肝脏氧化还原系统、线粒体功能和细胞凋亡的变化,以及MA对断奶仔猪生长性能和肝脏健康的影响:本研究包括两项实验。在这两项实验中,仔猪均在 21 日龄断奶。在实验 1 中,21(W0)日龄、22(W1)日龄、25(W4)日龄、28(W7)日龄和 35(W14)日龄时,每个时间点屠宰 6 头仔猪。在实验 2 中,仔猪被分为两组:一组接受 MA 灌胃(MA),另一组接受生理盐水灌胃(CON)。每组 6 头仔猪在 25 日龄时被处死:在实验 1 中,从 W0 到 W4,断奶会导致生长抑制和肝脏发育迟缓。对W0和W4的mRNA测序发现,与 "细胞凋亡过程调控 "和 "活性氧代谢过程 "相关的通路被富集。进一步研究表明,断奶导致肝脏活性氧(ROS)、H2O2 和 O2-含量增加。断奶增强了线粒体裂变,抑制了线粒体融合,激活了有丝分裂,从而引发了细胞凋亡。在实验 2 中,MA 改善了仔猪的生长性能,提高了平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)。MA组的肝脏ROS以及氧化损伤产物丙二醛(MDA)和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)明显低于CON组。MA能提高线粒体膜电位,增加线粒体呼吸链复合物(MRC)I和IV的活性,增强线粒体融合,减少有丝分裂,从而减少细胞凋亡:本研究表明,MA 可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,逆转断奶诱导的氧化损伤、线粒体功能障碍和细胞凋亡。我们的研究结果表明,MA 有助于维持断奶仔猪的肝脏健康,并为人类肝脏疾病的研究提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of goat mammary organoid cultures modeling the mammary gland development and lactation. 建立模拟乳腺发育和泌乳的山羊乳腺类器官培养物。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01084-7
Lei Jia, Wenying Zhang, Tao Luo, Yongtao Li, Jianhong Shu, Julie Strand, Yuan Yue, Stig Purup, Jianxin Liu, Hengbo Shi

Background: Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mammary gland in dairy livestock, they have potential limitations, such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phenotypic differences from their native counterparts. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research. Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future. In this study, we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.

Results: The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resembled the native architecture of mammary tissue. The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors. Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin, the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation, characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets in the lumen space. The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks. Importantly, the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues. These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.

Conclusion: This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants. The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.

背景:虽然已开发出几种细胞培养系统来研究奶畜乳腺的功能,但它们都有潜在的局限性,如失去乳腺泡结构或与本地对应物存在遗传和表型差异。克服这些挑战对泌乳研究至关重要。开发建立家畜泌乳类器官的方案是未来一个很有希望的目标。在这项研究中,我们制定了一套方案来建立奶山羊乳腺器官组织的培养系统,以模拟乳腺发育和泌乳过程:结果:在细胞外基质凝胶中培养的有机体保持了与乳腺组织原生结构非常相似的双层结构。含有表皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子2的生长因子能显著促进乳腺器官组织的扩张,而WNT抑制剂则能显著抑制器官组织的增殖指数。在含有催乳素的泌乳培养基的刺激下,乳腺器官组织表现出高效的泌乳,其特征是腔隙中脂滴的积累。泌乳可持续3周以上。重要的是,泌乳器官组织中与脂肪酸合成和乳蛋白相关基因的表达模式与乳腺组织中观察到的模式非常相似。这些观察结果得到了蛋白质组分析数据的证实,即大部分乳蛋白是在泌乳器官组织中产生的:本研究首次建立了反刍动物乳腺发育和泌乳过程的乳腺类器官培养系统模型。该研究首次建立了反刍动物乳腺发育和泌乳过程的乳腺类器官培养系统模型。在反刍动物乳腺类器官中高效诱导泌乳,有望推动食品工业中基于细胞的牛奶生物制造领域的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Host genetics and gut microbiota synergistically regulate feed utilization in egg-type chickens. 宿主遗传和肠道微生物群协同调节蛋鸡的饲料利用率。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01076-7
Wenxin Zhang, Fangren Lan, Qianqian Zhou, Shuang Gu, Xiaochang Li, Chaoliang Wen, Ning Yang, Congjiao Sun

Background: Feed efficiency is a crucial economic trait in poultry industry. Both host genetics and gut microbiota influence feed efficiency. However, the associations between gut microbiota and host genetics, as well as their combined contributions to feed efficiency in laying hens during the late laying period, remain largely unclear.

Methods: In total, 686 laying hens were used for whole-genome resequencing and liver transcriptome sequencing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on gut chyme (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum) and fecal samples from 705 individuals. Bioinformatic analysis was performed by integrating the genome, transcriptome, and microbiome to screen for key genetic variations, genes, and gut microbiota associated with feed efficiency.

Results: The heritability of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) was determined to be 0.28 and 0.48, respectively. The ileal and fecal microbiota accounted for 15% and 10% of the FCR variance, while the jejunal, cecal, and fecal microbiota accounted for 20%, 11%, and 10% of the RFI variance. Through SMR analysis based on summary data from liver eQTL mapping and GWAS, we further identified four protein-coding genes, SUCLA2, TNFSF13B, SERTM1, and MARVELD3, that influence feed efficiency in laying hens. The SUCLA2 and TNFSF13B genes were significantly associated with SNP 1:25664581 and SNP rs312433097, respectively. SERTM1 showed significant associations with rs730958360 and 1:33542680 and is a potential causal gene associated with the abundance of Corynebacteriaceae in feces. MARVELD3 was significantly associated with the 1:135348198 and was significantly correlated with the abundance of Enterococcus in ileum. Specifically, a lower abundance of Enterococcus in ileum and a higher abundance of Corynebacteriaceae in feces were associated with better feed efficiency.

Conclusions: This study confirms that both host genetics and gut microbiota can drive variations in feed efficiency. A small portion of the gut microbiota often interacts with host genes, collectively enhancing feed efficiency. Therefore, targeting both the gut microbiota and host genetic variation by supporting more efficient taxa and selective breeding could improve feed efficiency in laying hens during the late laying period.

背景:饲料效率是家禽业的一个重要经济特征。宿主遗传和肠道微生物群都会影响饲料效率。然而,在蛋鸡产蛋后期,肠道微生物群与宿主遗传之间的关联以及它们对饲料效率的综合贡献在很大程度上仍不清楚:方法:总共对 686 只蛋鸡进行了全基因组重测序和肝脏转录组测序。对 705 只蛋鸡的肠道食糜(十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠)和粪便样本进行了 16S rRNA 基因测序。通过整合基因组、转录组和微生物组进行了生物信息分析,以筛选与饲料效率相关的关键遗传变异、基因和肠道微生物群:结果:饲料转化率(FCR)和剩余采食量(RFI)的遗传率分别为 0.28 和 0.48。回肠和粪便微生物群分别占饲料转化率变异的15%和10%,而空肠、盲肠和粪便微生物群分别占RFI变异的20%、11%和10%。通过基于肝脏 eQTL 图谱和 GWAS 总结数据的 SMR 分析,我们进一步确定了影响蛋鸡饲料效率的四个蛋白编码基因:SUCLA2、TNFSF13B、SERTM1 和 MARVELD3。SUCLA2和TNFSF13B基因分别与SNP 1:25664581和SNP rs312433097显著相关。SERTM1与rs730958360和1:33542680呈显著相关,是与粪便中的棒状杆菌丰度相关的潜在致病基因。MARVELD3 与 1:135348198 显著相关,并且与回肠中肠球菌的数量显著相关。具体而言,回肠中肠球菌的丰度越低,粪便中棒状杆菌的丰度越高,饲料效率就越高:这项研究证实,宿主遗传和肠道微生物群都能驱动饲料效率的变化。肠道微生物群的一小部分往往与宿主基因相互作用,共同提高饲料效率。因此,通过支持更高效的类群和选择性育种来针对肠道微生物群和宿主遗传变异,可提高蛋鸡产蛋后期的饲料效率。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary processed former foodstuffs for broilers: impacts on growth performance, digestibility, hematobiochemical profiles and liver gene abundance. 肉鸡日粮中的加工前食品:对生长性能、消化率、血液生化特征和肝脏基因丰度的影响。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01081-w
Karthika Srikanthithasan, Marta Gariglio, Elena Diaz Vicuna, Edoardo Fiorilla, Barbara Miniscalco, Valeria Zambotto, Eleonora Erika Cappone, Nadia Stoppani, Dominga Soglia, Federica Raspa, Joana Nery, Andrea Giorgino, Roser Sala, Andrés Luis Martínez Marínz, Josefa Madrid Sanchez, Achille Schiavone, Claudio Forte

Background: The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs (cFF) as dietary substitutes of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), hematobiochemical profiles, and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens. Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups (5 replicates of ten birds per replicate) according to their average body weight (BW, 38.0 ± 0.11 g). All groups received a two-phase feeding program: starter, d 1-12 and grower, d 12-33. The control group (cFF0) was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn, soybean meal and soybean oil. The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25% (cFF6.25), 12.5% (cFF12.5) or 25% (cFF25) for the following 33 d.

Results: The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups, although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period (12-33 d) and over entire experimental period (1-33 d) in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose (P = 0.026), positively affecting the gain to feed ratio (P = 0.001). The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period, whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period (P < 0.05). Additionally, a linear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF (P < 0.05); however, no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.

Conclusions: The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens, even up to 25% substitution levels, for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions. Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.

背景:本实验旨在评价商业加工的前食品(cFF)作为玉米、豆粕和豆油的日粮替代品对肉鸡生长性能、表观总消化率(ATTD)、血液生化指标和肝脏基因丰度的影响。根据平均体重(BW,38.0 ± 0.11 g),将 200 只一天龄的 ROSS-308 雄性雏鸡分配到 4 个日粮组(5 个重复,每个重复 10 只鸡)。所有组均采用两阶段饲喂方案:开食组(1-12 日龄)和生长组(12-33 日龄)。对照组(cFF0)饲喂以玉米、豆粕和豆油为基础的标准商业饲料。其他三组在随后的 33 天内分别用 6.25%(cFF6.25)、12.5%(cFF12.5)或 25%(cFF25)的 cFF 部分替代以玉米、豆粕和大豆油为基础的饲料:生长性能数据表明,各组之间的体重和平均日增重没有差异,但在生长期(12-33 d)和整个实验期(1-33 d)内,随着 cFF 添加量的增加,平均日采食量呈线性下降(P = 0.026),同时对增重与饲料比产生了积极影响(P = 0.001)。与对照组相比,饲喂 cFF 组的干物质 ATTD 更大,且在整个实验期间都在增加;而与对照组相比,饲喂 cFF 组的乙醚提取物 ATTD 在整个实验期间随着 cFF 添加量的增加呈线性下降(P 结论:饲喂 cFF 组的干物质 ATTD 更大,且在整个实验期间都在增加;而饲喂 cFF 组的乙醚提取物 ATTD 在整个实验期间随着 cFF 添加量的增加呈线性下降:本实验的结果表明,在肉鸡营养均衡的日粮中添加 cFF 是可行的,即使替代水平达到 25%,持续 33 天也不会对商业饲养条件下雄性肉鸡的整体生长性能产生不利影响。进一步的研究对验证血液学性状的发现至关重要。
{"title":"Dietary processed former foodstuffs for broilers: impacts on growth performance, digestibility, hematobiochemical profiles and liver gene abundance.","authors":"Karthika Srikanthithasan, Marta Gariglio, Elena Diaz Vicuna, Edoardo Fiorilla, Barbara Miniscalco, Valeria Zambotto, Eleonora Erika Cappone, Nadia Stoppani, Dominga Soglia, Federica Raspa, Joana Nery, Andrea Giorgino, Roser Sala, Andrés Luis Martínez Marínz, Josefa Madrid Sanchez, Achille Schiavone, Claudio Forte","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01081-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-024-01081-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs (cFF) as dietary substitutes of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), hematobiochemical profiles, and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens. Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups (5 replicates of ten birds per replicate) according to their average body weight (BW, 38.0 ± 0.11 g). All groups received a two-phase feeding program: starter, d 1-12 and grower, d 12-33. The control group (cFF0) was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn, soybean meal and soybean oil. The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25% (cFF6.25), 12.5% (cFF12.5) or 25% (cFF25) for the following 33 d.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups, although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period (12-33 d) and over entire experimental period (1-33 d) in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose (P = 0.026), positively affecting the gain to feed ratio (P = 0.001). The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period, whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period (P < 0.05). Additionally, a linear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF (P < 0.05); however, no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens, even up to 25% substitution levels, for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions. Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11380770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hepatoprotective effects of magnolol in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome hens through shaping gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profile. 麦格诺尔通过塑造肠道微生物群和色氨酸代谢谱对脂肪肝出血性综合征母鸡的肝脏保护作用
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01074-9
Yujie Lv, Chaoyue Ge, Lianchi Wu, Zhaoying Hu, Xinyu Luo, Weichen Huang, Shenao Zhan, Xinyu Shen, Dongyou Yu, Bing Liu

Background: Magnolol (MAG) exhibits hepatoprotective activity, however, whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of MAG in FLHS laying hens with an emphasis on alterations in the gut-liver axis. We randomly divided 540 56-week-old Hy-line white laying hens with FLSH into 4 groups. The birds were fed a high-fat low-protein (HFLP) diet (CON) or HELP diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of MAG (M1, M2, and M3, respectively) for 9 weeks.

Results: Magnolol supplementation increased the laying rate and ameliorated hepatic damage and dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism, improving intestinal barrier function, and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles. Dietary MAG supplementation downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes and upregulated the expression of lipid transport genes at varying degrees. The intestinal barrier function was improved by 200 and 400 mg/kg of MAG supplementation, as evidenced by the increased villus height and mRNA expression of tight junction related genes. Microbiological profile information revealed that MAG changed the gut microbiota, especially by elevating the abundances of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Butyricicoccus. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that MAG significantly promoted tryptophan metabolites, which was positively correlated with the MAG-enriched gut microbiota. The increased tryptophan metabolites could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and relieved hepatic inflammation and immune response evidenced by the downregulated the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments further confirmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by MAG-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites.

Conclusions: Magnolol can be an outstanding supplement for the prevention and mitigation of FLHS in laying hens by positively regulating lipid synthesis and transport metabolism, improving the intestinal barrier function, and relieving hepatic inflammation by reshaping the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles through gut microbiota-indole metabolite-hepatic AhR crosstalk. These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which MAG alleviates FLHS and provide a promising method for preventing liver diseases by modulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.

背景:厚朴酚(MAG)具有保肝活性,然而,MAG是否以及如何调节肠道微生物群以缓解脂肪肝出血性综合征(FLHS)仍不清楚。因此,我们研究了 MAG 在 FLHS 蛋鸡中的作用机制,重点是肠道-肝脏轴的改变。我们将 540 只患有 FLSH 的 56 周龄 Hy-line 白羽蛋鸡随机分为 4 组。这些鸡分别饲喂高脂肪低蛋白(HFLP)日粮(CON)或添加了 200、400 和 600 毫克/千克 MAG 的 HELP 日粮(M1、M2 和 M3)9 周:通过调节脂质代谢、改善肠道屏障功能、塑造肠道微生物群和色氨酸代谢谱,补充木兰醇可提高产蛋率并改善肝损伤和功能障碍。膳食补充 MAG 在不同程度上下调了脂质合成基因的表达,上调了脂质转运基因的表达。补充 200 和 400 毫克/千克的 MAG 可改善肠道屏障功能,这体现在绒毛高度和紧密连接相关基因 mRNA 表达的增加上。微生物谱信息显示,MAG 改变了肠道微生物群,尤其是提高了乳酸杆菌、粪杆菌和丁酸球菌的丰度。此外,非靶向代谢组分析表明,MAG 能显著促进色氨酸代谢物的产生,这与 MAG 富集的肠道微生物群呈正相关。增加的色氨酸代谢物可激活芳基烃受体(AhR),缓解肝脏炎症和免疫反应,这表现在下调了肝脏中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等促炎细胞因子的基因表达水平。粪便微生物群移植(FMT)实验进一步证实,肝脏保护作用可能是由 MAG 改变的肠道微生物群及其代谢产物介导的:厚朴酚通过肠道微生物群-吲哚代谢物-肝脏AhR串联作用,积极调节脂质合成和转运代谢,改善肠道屏障功能,重塑肠道微生物群和代谢物谱,从而缓解肝脏炎症。这些发现阐明了 MAG 缓解 FLHS 的机制,并为通过调节肠道微生物群及其代谢物来预防肝脏疾病提供了一种很有前景的方法。
{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of magnolol in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome hens through shaping gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profile.","authors":"Yujie Lv, Chaoyue Ge, Lianchi Wu, Zhaoying Hu, Xinyu Luo, Weichen Huang, Shenao Zhan, Xinyu Shen, Dongyou Yu, Bing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01074-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-024-01074-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnolol (MAG) exhibits hepatoprotective activity, however, whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of MAG in FLHS laying hens with an emphasis on alterations in the gut-liver axis. We randomly divided 540 56-week-old Hy-line white laying hens with FLSH into 4 groups. The birds were fed a high-fat low-protein (HFLP) diet (CON) or HELP diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of MAG (M1, M2, and M3, respectively) for 9 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Magnolol supplementation increased the laying rate and ameliorated hepatic damage and dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism, improving intestinal barrier function, and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles. Dietary MAG supplementation downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes and upregulated the expression of lipid transport genes at varying degrees. The intestinal barrier function was improved by 200 and 400 mg/kg of MAG supplementation, as evidenced by the increased villus height and mRNA expression of tight junction related genes. Microbiological profile information revealed that MAG changed the gut microbiota, especially by elevating the abundances of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Butyricicoccus. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that MAG significantly promoted tryptophan metabolites, which was positively correlated with the MAG-enriched gut microbiota. The increased tryptophan metabolites could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and relieved hepatic inflammation and immune response evidenced by the downregulated the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments further confirmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by MAG-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Magnolol can be an outstanding supplement for the prevention and mitigation of FLHS in laying hens by positively regulating lipid synthesis and transport metabolism, improving the intestinal barrier function, and relieving hepatic inflammation by reshaping the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles through gut microbiota-indole metabolite-hepatic AhR crosstalk. These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which MAG alleviates FLHS and provide a promising method for preventing liver diseases by modulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of granulosa cells in dairy cow follicular cysts by activating autophagy via the SIRT1/ROS/AMPK signaling pathway. 槲皮素通过SIRT1/ROS/AMPK信号通路激活自噬,从而改善氧化应激诱导的奶牛卵泡囊肿颗粒细胞凋亡。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01078-5
Hongwei Duan, Fang Wang, Ke Wang, Shuai Yang, Rong Zhang, Chen Xue, Lihong Zhang, Xiaofei Ma, Xianghong Du, Jian Kang, Yong Zhang, Xingxu Zhao, Junjie Hu, Longfei Xiao

Background: Follicular cysts contribute significantly to reproductive loss in high-yield dairy cows. This results from the death of follicular granulosa cells (GCs) caused by oxidative stress. Quercetin is known to have significant antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the effect of quercetin on follicular cysts has yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effects and potential molecular mechanisms of quercetin in H2O2-induced primary cow GCs and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced mouse model of oxidative stress and thus treat ovarian cysts in dairy cows.

Results: In this study, compared with estrus cows, cows with follicular cysts showed heightened levels of oxidative stress and increased follicular cell apoptosis, while autophagy levels were reduced. A model of oxidative stress was induced in vitro by H2O2 and showed significant increases in apoptosis together with reduced autophagy. These effects were significantly ameliorated by quercetin. Effects similar to those of quercetin were observed after treatment of cells with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Further investigations using chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor), rapamycin (autophagy activator), selisistat (SIRT1 inhibitor), and compound C (AMPK inhibitor) showed that chloroquine counteracted the effects of quercetin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, while rapamycin had the same effect as quercetin. In addition, the SIRT1/AMPK pathway inhibitors antagonized quercetin-mediated mitigation of the effects of oxidative stress on increased apoptosis and reduced autophagy. Consistent with the results in vitro, in mouse ovarian oxidative stress model induced by 3-NPA, quercetin activated autophagy through the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, while alleviating oxidative stress damage and inhibiting apoptosis in mouse ovaries.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that quercetin can inhibit apoptosis in GCs and restore ovarian function by activating autophagy through the SIRT1/ROS/AMPK signaling pathway, suggesting a new direction for the treatment of ovarian follicular cysts in high-yield dairy cows.

背景:卵泡囊肿是造成高产奶牛生殖损失的重要原因。其原因是氧化应激导致卵泡颗粒细胞(GCs)死亡。众所周知,槲皮素具有显著的抗氧化和抗凋亡作用。然而,槲皮素对卵泡囊肿的影响尚未阐明。因此,本研究旨在探讨槲皮素在H2O2诱导的原代奶牛GCs和3-硝基丙酸(3-NPA)诱导的小鼠氧化应激模型中的抗氧化和抗凋亡作用及潜在的分子机制,从而治疗奶牛卵巢囊肿:结果:与发情奶牛相比,卵泡囊肿奶牛的氧化应激水平升高,卵泡细胞凋亡增加,自噬水平降低。H2O2 在体外诱导氧化应激模型,结果显示细胞凋亡显著增加,自噬减少。槲皮素能明显改善这些影响。用活性氧(ROS)抑制剂 N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)处理细胞后,也观察到了与槲皮素类似的效果。使用氯喹(自噬抑制剂)、雷帕霉素(自噬激活剂)、塞利司他(SIRT1 抑制剂)和化合物 C(AMPK 抑制剂)进行的进一步研究表明,氯喹抵消了槲皮素对氧化应激诱导的细胞凋亡的作用,而雷帕霉素则具有与槲皮素相同的作用。此外,SIRT1/AMPK通路抑制剂还能拮抗槲皮素介导的氧化应激对细胞凋亡增加和自噬减少的缓解作用。与体外实验结果一致,在3-NPA诱导的小鼠卵巢氧化应激模型中,槲皮素通过SIRT1/AMPK信号通路激活自噬,同时减轻氧化应激损伤,抑制小鼠卵巢细胞凋亡:这些研究结果表明,槲皮素可通过SIRT1/ROS/AMPK信号通路激活自噬,从而抑制GCs的凋亡并恢复卵巢功能,为高产奶牛卵泡囊肿的治疗提供了新的方向。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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