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2012 12th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)最新文献

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Falling risk evaluation based on plantar contact points for biped robot 基于足底接触点的双足机器人跌落风险评价
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197120
H. Ono, Takahiko Sato, K. Ohnishi
In recent years, humanoid robot has been expected in various fields because of the shape and architecture of humanoid robot and aging of society. It is important that robot does not harm human so that we coexist with robot. Therefore, a lot of researchers have studied about falling down. Zero-Moment Point (ZMP) is most widely used as a stability indicator of biped robot. ZMP, however, is not unsuitable for falling indicator because of behavior of ZMP. On the other hands, Foot-Rotation Indicator (FRI) is useful when robot falls down. However, FRI point does not include content that whether robot keeps a balance on boundary surface of falling. In addition, FRI point is complicated and it is hard to calculate. A permissible amount of falling risk evaluation, therefore, is presented in this paper. This permissible amount is calculated by plantar contact points of the robot, acceleration value of center of gravity (COG) and reaction force. During robot is walking or standing, the falling risk is evaluated by this permissible amount. This method is applied for a condition of robot before robot falls. Proposed method is evaluated by the simulation and experimental results.
近年来,由于仿人机器人的外形和结构以及社会的老龄化,仿人机器人在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。重要的是机器人不伤害人类,这样我们才能与机器人共存。因此,很多研究者对摔倒进行了研究。零力矩点(Zero-Moment Point, ZMP)作为两足机器人的稳定性指标,应用最为广泛。然而,由于ZMP的行为,它并不适合作为下降指标。另一方面,当机器人摔倒时,脚旋转指示器(FRI)是有用的。而FRI点不包括机器人是否在下落边界面上保持平衡的内容。此外,FRI点比较复杂,难以计算。因此,本文提出了一个允许的下降风险评估量。这个允许量是由机器人的足底接触点、重心加速度值和反作用力计算得出的。在机器人行走或站立期间,以允许的数量来评估跌倒风险。将该方法应用于机器人坠落前的一种状态。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Application of tension control into linear motor-actuated cable differential-driven joint 张力控制在直线电机驱动电缆差动接头中的应用
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197050
Tomoko Kawase, Keita Shimamoto, Kazuki Tanida, K. Ohnishi
Tendon-driven systems are one of efficient methods to downsize robots. This paper discusses application of tension control into a joint using cable differential. Cable differential is mechanism which allows two-degrees of freedom (DOF) in one joint. Controllers for the cable differential-driven joint are proposed in the paper. The joint is actuated by four linear motors. The controllers are designed regarding the tendon-driven system as a redundant system. In this way, tension control is considered as a task in the null space. This makes implementation of tension control stereotypical.
肌腱驱动系统是缩小机器人尺寸的有效方法之一。本文讨论了用索差速器控制接头张力的应用。电缆差速器是一种允许在一个关节上有两个自由度的机构。本文提出了电缆差动接头的控制器。该关节由四个直线电机驱动。将肌腱驱动系统作为冗余系统来设计控制器。这样,张力控制就被看作是零空间中的一个任务。这使得张力控制的实施变得老套。
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引用次数: 2
Robot motion planning considering the utterance-timing and its experimental evaluation 考虑话语时间的机器人运动规划及其实验评价
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197038
Satoshi Suzuki, Jun Goto, H. Igarashi, Harumi Kobayashi, T. Yasuda, F. Harashima
For a natural communication robot cooperating with human, an adequate control mechanism of motion and utterance is required. This paper presents a robot motion planning method which considers utterance timing by utilizing Self-Organizing Map (SOM). Adequate target position of the robot motion and the utterance timing for an autonomous robot are decided by searching the best-matching-node on the SOM which was trained using normative data of human behavior. Applying the presented method to cooperative carrying situation in a virtual cooperative simulator, human impression to the robot behavior was investigated. As a result, it was confirmed by the Tukey-Kramer test that several human could recognize an effect of the utterance timing and motion planning method.
对于一个与人进行自然交流的机器人来说,需要一个适当的运动和言语控制机制。提出了一种利用自组织映射(SOM)考虑语音时序的机器人运动规划方法。通过在使用人类行为规范数据训练的SOM上搜索最佳匹配节点,确定机器人运动的适当目标位置和自主机器人的发声时机。将该方法应用于虚拟协作模拟器中的协作搬运场景,研究了人对机器人行为的印象。结果,Tukey-Kramer测试证实,有几个人可以识别出说话时机和运动规划方法的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Network in the loop platform for research and training in bilateral control 双边控制研究和培训的闭环网络平台
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197132
Ahmet Kuzu, S. Bogosyan, M. Gokasan
This paper introduces a test platform for research and education in bilateral control system. The so-called network-in-the-loop (NIL) platform aims to provide a realistic test environment for such systems, particularly in terms of testing the developed control algorithms under actual network delay. The platform is designed with two xPc targets which communicate with each other over the Internet. A novel contribution of the platform is that it allows for the realistic and yet, low-cost simulations of bilateral control topologies under real word Internet delay, without the need for the actual manipulators or related hardware. A small case study is also presented to test the performance of the platform.
本文介绍了一种用于双向控制系统研究和教学的测试平台。所谓的网络在环(network-in- loop, NIL)平台旨在为此类系统提供一个真实的测试环境,特别是在实际网络延迟下测试所开发的控制算法。该平台设计了两个xPc目标,它们通过Internet相互通信。该平台的一个新颖贡献是,它允许在真实的互联网延迟下对双边控制拓扑进行现实而低成本的模拟,而不需要实际的操纵器或相关硬件。本文还通过一个小型案例来测试该平台的性能。
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引用次数: 2
A coordinate design of two-degrees-of-freedom controller for fast and precise positioning 二自由度控制器的坐标设计,实现快速、精确的定位
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197048
Takanori Kato, Y. Maeda, M. Iwasaki, H. Hirai
This paper presents a novel robust 2-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) positioning controller design methodology against frequency perturbations in mechanical vibration modes. The authors have already proposed an LMI (linear matrix inequality)-based feedforward (FF) compensator design to provide robust properties in positioning against the perturbations, where a feedback (FB) controller has been independently designed to ensure the robust stability on the basis of the 2-DOF controller design framework. A problem, however, still remains that the undesired response in the FB system due to the perturbations deteriorates the ideal response by the FF compensation. The proposed controller design, therefore, considers the FB system in the FF compensator design to solve the problem. In addition, the FB controller is redesigned to improve the positioning performance as a coordinate design between the FB and the FF controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a prototype of galvano scanners.
提出了一种新的抗频率扰动的鲁棒2自由度定位控制器设计方法。作者已经提出了一种基于LMI(线性矩阵不等式)的前馈(FF)补偿器设计,以提供针对摄动定位的鲁棒特性,其中一个反馈(FB)控制器已经独立设计,以确保在2自由度控制器设计框架的基础上的鲁棒稳定性。然而,一个问题仍然存在,即由于扰动在FB系统中引起的非期望响应恶化了FF补偿的理想响应。因此,所提出的控制器设计,在FF补偿器设计中考虑了FB系统来解决这个问题。此外,作为FB控制器和FF控制器之间的坐标设计,对FB控制器进行了重新设计,以提高定位性能。数值模拟和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Anti-sway sliding-mode with trolley disturbance observer for overhead crane system 带小车扰动观测器的桥式起重机系统抗摇摆滑模
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197014
J. Maneeratanaporn, T. Murakami
Moving the suspended load along a predefined trajectory as fast as possible is not an easy controlling task due to the residual swing at the end of travelling. In this paper, the overhead crane is fully automated with the high speed trajectory. Robust scheme, namely anti-sway sliding-mode with trolley disturbance observer (DOB), are implemented with overhead crane systems. The anti-sway sliding-mode is specially designed for underactuated nonlinear systems which is derived from Lyapunov law. The asymptotic stability of switching function is proved theoretically. The controller can eliminate the error toward their sliding surfaces. Furthermore, trolley disturbance observer is also implemented to enhance the robustness. An obvious advantage of this kind of controller is based on simple control scheme however it can guarantee the robustness, speed convergence and swing suppression. In this paper, Experiment results are presented to show the superiority of the anti-sway sliding-mode with actuator's disturbance observer by comparing the effectiveness with PD controller assisting with Lyapunov based anti-sway controller and anti-sway sliding mode without disturbance observer. Not only that, but also the filtering technique is employed to eliminate chattering effect.
由于运动结束时的残余摆动,使悬挂载荷沿预定轨迹尽可能快地移动并不是一件容易的控制任务。在本文中,桥式起重机是完全自动化的高速轨道。针对桥式起重机系统,提出了一种带有小车扰动观测器的抗摇摆滑模鲁棒方案。抗摇摆滑模是专门为欠驱动非线性系统设计的,由李雅普诺夫定律推导而来。从理论上证明了切换函数的渐近稳定性。该控制器可以消除对其滑动面的误差。此外,还引入了小车扰动观测器,增强了系统的鲁棒性。该控制器的明显优点是控制方案简单,但能保证鲁棒性、速度收敛性和摆动抑制性。通过对比PD控制器辅助Lyapunov抗摆控制器与无扰动观测器的抗摆滑模的有效性,实验结果表明了带有扰动观测器的抗摆滑模的优越性。不仅如此,还采用了滤波技术来消除抖振效应。
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引用次数: 9
High mobility control for a wheel-legged mobile robot based on resolved momentum control 基于分解动量控制的轮腿移动机器人高机动性控制
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197115
A. Suzumura, Y. Fujimoto
This paper deals with realization of both rapidity and stabilities for four-wheel-legged locomotion. To achieve these aims, two control approaches are proposed. First, we show the kinematic modeling of constraint for wheel-legged mechanism to achieve the three-dimensional locomotion. Then, the proposed constraint is applied to the resolved momentum control. This method realizes the dynamic locomotion by considering the center of mass and angular momentum directly affecting the stability of dynamic locomotion. Second, a trajectory generating method by using zero-phase low pass filter based on a cart-table model is applied. These schemes can control the robot by stabilizing the zero moment point which is the criteria of dynamic locomotion. In this paper, we focus on the realization of fast and stable wheeled locomotion. Finally, the effect of proposed methods is confirmed by simulations and experiments.
本文研究四轮腿运动的快速性和稳定性的实现。为了达到这些目的,提出了两种控制方法。首先,建立了轮腿机构的运动学约束模型,实现了轮腿机构的三维运动。然后,将所提出的约束应用于求解动量控制。该方法考虑了直接影响动态运动稳定性的质心和角动量,实现了动态运动。其次,提出了一种基于车表模型的零相位低通滤波轨迹生成方法。这些方案可以通过稳定零力矩点来控制机器人的动态运动。本文主要研究如何实现快速稳定的轮式运动。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 12
Recognition and classification of human motion based on hidden Markov model for motion database 基于运动数据库隐马尔可夫模型的人体运动识别与分类
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197112
Y. Ohnishi, S. Katsura
In some countries, many problems according to aging are pointed out. Decrease of worker's physical ability is one of them. The old workers have high techniques, but physical ability is lower than that of young workers. And it becomes difficult to keep high quality. Hence it is thought that a power assist by robot is needed. The method that increases human motion simply is mainstream conventional power assist method. However, to assist accurately it is thought that robot has to recognize human motion and has to assist fitly. Hence, the system that save and reproduce human motion “motion database” is necessary. Here, to assist accurately, the motion which includes force information is saved to database. In this research, the trajectory information and the force information of human motion is extracted by using bilateral control and it is modeled. To reproduce appropriate motion from database, a search system is needed. For adapting power assist, the search system should be real-time and be able to search at all times. Therefore, in this research, a real-time motion searching method is proposed. The searching method is based on hidden Markov model because human motion has Markov property. Proposed method can search human motion on real-time while human does motion. The viability of proposed method is confirmed by motion search experiment.
一些国家针对老龄化问题提出了许多问题。工人体力的下降就是其中之一。老工人技术水平高,但体力不如青年工人。而且很难保持高质量。因此,人们认为需要机器人的动力辅助。简单增加人体运动的方法是主流的常规动力辅助方法。然而,为了准确地辅助,人们认为机器人必须能够识别人类的动作,并且必须能够恰当地辅助。因此,保存和再现人体运动的系统“运动数据库”是必要的。在这里,为了准确地辅助,包含力信息的运动被保存到数据库中。本研究采用双侧控制的方法提取人体运动的轨迹信息和力信息,并对其进行建模。为了从数据库中重现适当的运动,需要一个搜索系统。为了适应动力辅助,搜索系统应该是实时的,能够随时搜索。因此,本研究提出了一种实时运动搜索方法。由于人体运动具有马尔可夫性,搜索方法基于隐马尔可夫模型。该方法可以在人体运动时实时搜索人体运动。通过运动搜索实验验证了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 1
A design of the preference acquisition detection system using the EEG 基于脑电的偏好采集检测系统的设计
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197046
Yuna Negishi, Y. Mitsukura, H. Fukai, Yohei Tomita
Estimation of emotional states has been multi-disciplinary research interests. Among them, although there are many ways of the estimation such as subjective evaluations and behavioral taxonomy, direct evaluation from the human brain is more reliable. Especially, electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis is widely used because of its simplicity and convenience. In our research, emotional states are investigated with a simple electroencephalography which has only one electrode. This device is lighter and cheaper than existing devices. However, its feasibility has yet been proven.
情绪状态的估计一直是多学科研究的热点。其中,虽然主观评价、行为分类法等评价方法很多,但直接从人脑进行评价更为可靠。特别是脑电图(EEG)信号分析因其简单、方便而得到广泛应用。在我们的研究中,情绪状态是用一个只有一个电极的简单脑电图来调查的。这种设备比现有设备更轻、更便宜。然而,其可行性尚未得到证实。
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引用次数: 7
Gyroscope integrated environmental mode compliance control for biped robot 双足机器人陀螺仪集成环境模式顺应控制
Pub Date : 2012-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2012.6197049
Takahiko Sato, H. Ono, K. Ohnishi
Many researchers proposed methods to adapt uneven terrain for biped robots. Environmental mode compliance control is one of those methods. Another feature of this control is that it makes a walking stability. However, the environmental mode compliance controller cannot maintain the body horizontally, and cannot be applied if the body is inclined. In this paper, gyroscope integrated environmental mode compliance control is proposed. This method can compensate the ZMP error due to the inclination of the body. Thus, this method can be applied even if the body is inclined. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results.
许多研究者提出了双足机器人适应不平坦地形的方法。环境模式顺应性控制就是其中一种方法。这种控制的另一个特点是,它使行走稳定。然而,环境模式顺应控制器不能使车身保持水平,如果车身倾斜则不能应用。本文提出了一种陀螺仪集成环境模式顺应控制方法。该方法可以补偿由于物体倾斜引起的ZMP误差。因此,即使身体是倾斜的,这种方法也可以应用。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2012 12th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)
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