The growing demand for utilization of solar energy and thus increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in low voltage (LV) distribution networks has given rise to the studies focusing on the effects of these systems on power quality (PQ) and supply reliability. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of small-scale PV-system power (P(PV)) generation on voltage quality in a rural LV distribution network in Estonia. In the analysis, which is based on real field measurements, the numerical and graphical methods were used. The correlations between P(PV) generation and the following voltage quality parameters are shown: voltage total harmonic distortion (THDU) and individual odd harmonic components up to order 19 and voltage unbalance.
{"title":"Effects of PV microgeneration on rural LV network voltage quality - harmonics and unbalance","authors":"Semih Hurmeydan, A. Rosin, T. Vinnal","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724096","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for utilization of solar energy and thus increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in low voltage (LV) distribution networks has given rise to the studies focusing on the effects of these systems on power quality (PQ) and supply reliability. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of small-scale PV-system power (P(PV)) generation on voltage quality in a rural LV distribution network in Estonia. In the analysis, which is based on real field measurements, the numerical and graphical methods were used. The correlations between P(PV) generation and the following voltage quality parameters are shown: voltage total harmonic distortion (THDU) and individual odd harmonic components up to order 19 and voltage unbalance.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"73 1","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83969117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main technical activities, consisting in diag-nostic and protection of cable lines, aimed at enhancing the reliability of the cable network in St. Petersburg that differs from most cities the presence of cables of various types with different types of sheaths, with different time of exploitation, in particular, which are operated for over 100 years, are described. The results of experimental study by non-destructive methods, examples of temperature distribution along the cable lines, obtained using the systems temperature monitoring are discussed. The information on the operation of protection systems of cables and underground structures from corrosion is considered. Statistics of the causes of failures and emergency situations on cable networks in St. Petersburg is present.
{"title":"Experience in enhancing the reliability of operation of power cable lines in St. Petersburg","authors":"V. M. Barinov, D. Kiesewetter","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724089","url":null,"abstract":"The main technical activities, consisting in diag-nostic and protection of cable lines, aimed at enhancing the reliability of the cable network in St. Petersburg that differs from most cities the presence of cables of various types with different types of sheaths, with different time of exploitation, in particular, which are operated for over 100 years, are described. The results of experimental study by non-destructive methods, examples of temperature distribution along the cable lines, obtained using the systems temperature monitoring are discussed. The information on the operation of protection systems of cables and underground structures from corrosion is considered. Statistics of the causes of failures and emergency situations on cable networks in St. Petersburg is present.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"14 1","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84439631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philipp Tunnerhoff, C. Petino, Mario Battiato, A. Schnettler
In case of permanent pole-to-ground line faults bipolar High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems can be kept in operation as asymmetrical monopoles. However, power transmission is limited to half of the system's rated power during that time. To reestablish bipolar operation maintenance measures are needed, which can only be performed, if the fault location is known. Within this paper, a new distance protection concept for HVDC systems based on full-bridge modular multi-level converter (MMC) modulation strategy is introduced. An enhanced converter control is used to evoke an alternating current (AC) component on the faulted pole enabling the evaluation of a reactive line loop impedance component. By that, the distance to the fault location can be estimated. The developed concept is applied in a PSCAD model and different fault scenarios are investigated. As the results indicate, the developed concept can successfully be used to localize HVDC transmission system faults, before the faulted line segment is isolated from the rest of the system. Thereby, the proposed technique does not require a communication infrastructure or high sampling frequencies.
{"title":"Distance protection for HVDC transmission lines based on MMC modulation strategy","authors":"Philipp Tunnerhoff, C. Petino, Mario Battiato, A. Schnettler","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724128","url":null,"abstract":"In case of permanent pole-to-ground line faults bipolar High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems can be kept in operation as asymmetrical monopoles. However, power transmission is limited to half of the system's rated power during that time. To reestablish bipolar operation maintenance measures are needed, which can only be performed, if the fault location is known. Within this paper, a new distance protection concept for HVDC systems based on full-bridge modular multi-level converter (MMC) modulation strategy is introduced. An enhanced converter control is used to evoke an alternating current (AC) component on the faulted pole enabling the evaluation of a reactive line loop impedance component. By that, the distance to the fault location can be estimated. The developed concept is applied in a PSCAD model and different fault scenarios are investigated. As the results indicate, the developed concept can successfully be used to localize HVDC transmission system faults, before the faulted line segment is isolated from the rest of the system. Thereby, the proposed technique does not require a communication infrastructure or high sampling frequencies.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"11 1","pages":"283-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88498888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nauman Beg, A. Rahmoun, A. Armstorfer, A. Rosin, H. Biechl
The paper presents a new optimization method for PI controllers of back-to-back voltage source converters using a vector control scheme to enable the control of active and reactive power transmission between two independent grids, for example, an emulator as a load or a source between the medium voltage distribution grid and a low voltage island grid. The control principle based on three phase systems in dq-components enables an independent control of active and reactive power with a simple structure using PI controllers. The presented optimization method using pole placement (PP) technique for tuning of the controllers leads to a higher degree of freedom and therefore to better results compared to the modulus optimum (MO) optimization method discussed in [1], [2]. A cascaded control model consisting of inner current and outer power/voltage control loops is being used for the optimization of the system's transient response. The mathematical modeling of the control system as well as the evaluation of the controller parameters are described in detail. A comparison of the presented optimization method for controllers with existing methods is shown by simulation results using the software PSCAD.
{"title":"Determination methods for controller parameters of back-to-back converters in electric power grids","authors":"Nauman Beg, A. Rahmoun, A. Armstorfer, A. Rosin, H. Biechl","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724106","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new optimization method for PI controllers of back-to-back voltage source converters using a vector control scheme to enable the control of active and reactive power transmission between two independent grids, for example, an emulator as a load or a source between the medium voltage distribution grid and a low voltage island grid. The control principle based on three phase systems in dq-components enables an independent control of active and reactive power with a simple structure using PI controllers. The presented optimization method using pole placement (PP) technique for tuning of the controllers leads to a higher degree of freedom and therefore to better results compared to the modulus optimum (MO) optimization method discussed in [1], [2]. A cascaded control model consisting of inner current and outer power/voltage control loops is being used for the optimization of the system's transient response. The mathematical modeling of the control system as well as the evaluation of the controller parameters are described in detail. A comparison of the presented optimization method for controllers with existing methods is shown by simulation results using the software PSCAD.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"150 1","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79863795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large apartment buildings dated from 1960 to 1992 compose 79% of Estonian residences. Since design and construction, load profile of these buildings has changed significantly: 30-50 years ago, peak loads were much lower than today and simultaneity factor values used for in-house electrical system design were different. Implementation of demand side management (DSM) and load aggregation results in additional changes in residential load profiles. Most loads are not stochastic any more, their simultaneity increases. At the same time, studies of possibilities and impacts of DSM implementation in a block of apartments where individual households are under direct mutual influence are limited. This paper describes a study in an Estonian 60-apartment building where total electricity consumption was measured, a bottom-up simulation model for the entire apartment block was developed and three different load aggregation scenarios were analyzed. Based on results, major technical barriers to DSM implementation are identified and measures to overcome them are proposed.
{"title":"Modeling of demand side management scenarios in apartment buildings","authors":"K. Vill, A. Rosin, M. Lehtla","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724099","url":null,"abstract":"Large apartment buildings dated from 1960 to 1992 compose 79% of Estonian residences. Since design and construction, load profile of these buildings has changed significantly: 30-50 years ago, peak loads were much lower than today and simultaneity factor values used for in-house electrical system design were different. Implementation of demand side management (DSM) and load aggregation results in additional changes in residential load profiles. Most loads are not stochastic any more, their simultaneity increases. At the same time, studies of possibilities and impacts of DSM implementation in a block of apartments where individual households are under direct mutual influence are limited. This paper describes a study in an Estonian 60-apartment building where total electricity consumption was measured, a bottom-up simulation model for the entire apartment block was developed and three different load aggregation scenarios were analyzed. Based on results, major technical barriers to DSM implementation are identified and measures to overcome them are proposed.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"16 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76522056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolae Iacobici-Luca, F. Frigura-Iliasa, D. Vatau, P. Andea
This article presents a small scale complete system, used for power quality assessment, developed by the authors, for the Romanian National Grid Operator, Transelectrica S.A. Most of the Power Quality (PQ) analyses carried out today worldwide are performed at the end user (the electricity consumer). The assessment of the main PQ parameters is mandatory to be done at all voltage levels, including high voltage connection stations, like the one described below, located near Iernut, Romania, representative for a 220 kV/110 kV transition. It is part of a large case study made by the authors, after integrating this system (both hardware/acquisition and software) in the structure of several similar power stations. It is a very simplified SCADA system capable to fit to any existing configuration with small changes, and able to provide good results, less expensive than traditional expert or SCADA systems.
{"title":"Power quality assessment system for a 220 kV/110 kV high voltage power station","authors":"Nicolae Iacobici-Luca, F. Frigura-Iliasa, D. Vatau, P. Andea","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724125","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a small scale complete system, used for power quality assessment, developed by the authors, for the Romanian National Grid Operator, Transelectrica S.A. Most of the Power Quality (PQ) analyses carried out today worldwide are performed at the end user (the electricity consumer). The assessment of the main PQ parameters is mandatory to be done at all voltage levels, including high voltage connection stations, like the one described below, located near Iernut, Romania, representative for a 220 kV/110 kV transition. It is part of a large case study made by the authors, after integrating this system (both hardware/acquisition and software) in the structure of several similar power stations. It is a very simplified SCADA system capable to fit to any existing configuration with small changes, and able to provide good results, less expensive than traditional expert or SCADA systems.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"11 1","pages":"267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75460619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Significant increase in the proportion of uncertain and variable wind and solar power in the electric grid has increased the undesirable effects on the voltage, frequency and transient stability. Identifying the fluctuations, particularly for the renewable resources of energy results in more reliable and cost effective use of the resources. In addition, the capacity building and forecasting can be more accurate. This paper proposes an algorithm to demonstrate the ramping behavior of the wind and solar power. In addition, a user interface tool is designed and developed in the MATLAB platform, which fastens the visualization and inference of the power variation events in multiple perspectives.
{"title":"A user interface tool for ramping behavior analysis of renewable energy","authors":"Sambeet Mishra, I. Palu","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724109","url":null,"abstract":"Significant increase in the proportion of uncertain and variable wind and solar power in the electric grid has increased the undesirable effects on the voltage, frequency and transient stability. Identifying the fluctuations, particularly for the renewable resources of energy results in more reliable and cost effective use of the resources. In addition, the capacity building and forecasting can be more accurate. This paper proposes an algorithm to demonstrate the ramping behavior of the wind and solar power. In addition, a user interface tool is designed and developed in the MATLAB platform, which fastens the visualization and inference of the power variation events in multiple perspectives.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"12 1","pages":"175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75493307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decision support system model for electrical grid equipment technical maintenance and repair cycles correction as well as equipment reliability improvement on the basis of its technical state analysis is presented in the paper. The issues concerning the use of different neuro fuzzy inference algorithms and their impact on decision support systems operation for electrical grid equipment effective operation are also considered in the paper.
{"title":"Fuzzy inference algorithms for power equipment state assessment","authors":"A. Khalyasmaa, S. Dmitriev","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724122","url":null,"abstract":"The decision support system model for electrical grid equipment technical maintenance and repair cycles correction as well as equipment reliability improvement on the basis of its technical state analysis is presented in the paper. The issues concerning the use of different neuro fuzzy inference algorithms and their impact on decision support systems operation for electrical grid equipment effective operation are also considered in the paper.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"5 1","pages":"249-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73574057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for locating the source of disturbance at supplier and customer's point of common connection (PCC) is one of the most important criteria in power quality assessment. Power quality problems like harmonics, asymmetry, voltage dip and fluctuation have a severe impact in term of both technical and economical point of view. Both utilities and customers are becoming more and more interested in assessment of power quality problems and localization of such disturbance sources. Voltage asymmetry is considered one of the challenging issues in power quality era. This paper reports on the identification of source of asymmetry in power system considering different case scenarios along with simulation and laboratory test result.
{"title":"Identification of asymmetry in power system: Different case studies","authors":"M. H. Shawon, S. Barczentewicz, J. Kowalski","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724086","url":null,"abstract":"The need for locating the source of disturbance at supplier and customer's point of common connection (PCC) is one of the most important criteria in power quality assessment. Power quality problems like harmonics, asymmetry, voltage dip and fluctuation have a severe impact in term of both technical and economical point of view. Both utilities and customers are becoming more and more interested in assessment of power quality problems and localization of such disturbance sources. Voltage asymmetry is considered one of the challenging issues in power quality era. This paper reports on the identification of source of asymmetry in power system considering different case scenarios along with simulation and laboratory test result.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"236 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77269461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the problems concerned to thermal analysis of brushless PM synchronous generator for small-scale wind power applications. Thermal analysis is one of the most important processes that needs to be discussed, because of increasing interest in high efficiency and low weight of electrical machines. In this paper, analytical analysis has been performed. The prototype of the generator has been assembled and tested. The calculation and test results have been considered during this study.
{"title":"Thermal analysis of the PM generator with outer rotor for wind turbine application","authors":"O. Kudrjavtsev, A. Kilk, T. Vaimann","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the problems concerned to thermal analysis of brushless PM synchronous generator for small-scale wind power applications. Thermal analysis is one of the most important processes that needs to be discussed, because of increasing interest in high efficiency and low weight of electrical machines. In this paper, analytical analysis has been performed. The prototype of the generator has been assembled and tested. The calculation and test results have been considered during this study.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"88 1","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84329823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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