The paper considers the implementation of an off-grid hybrid power supply as an alternative to construction of a grid connection in sparsely populated remote areas in Estonia. In the previous part, the proper configurations of the off-grid hybrid system and component sizes were determined through optimization procedures at different typical meteorological conditions including coastal and inland ones. In this part, levelized costs of energy (LCOEs) were found for a newly built grid connection under the same load demands and interest rates. They were compared with the LCOEs for the off-grid systems in order to find breakeven grid extension distances. As a result, the recommendations on the expedience of off-grid hybrid power supply were obtained for different regions of Estonia.
{"title":"Economical feasibility of off-grid hybrid power supply for estonian remote areas—part 2: Determination of breakeven grid extension distances","authors":"V. Bolgov, K. Janson","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724111","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the implementation of an off-grid hybrid power supply as an alternative to construction of a grid connection in sparsely populated remote areas in Estonia. In the previous part, the proper configurations of the off-grid hybrid system and component sizes were determined through optimization procedures at different typical meteorological conditions including coastal and inland ones. In this part, levelized costs of energy (LCOEs) were found for a newly built grid connection under the same load demands and interest rates. They were compared with the LCOEs for the off-grid systems in order to find breakeven grid extension distances. As a result, the recommendations on the expedience of off-grid hybrid power supply were obtained for different regions of Estonia.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"32 1","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82176420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas S. Pedersen, M. Blanke, J. Møller, H. Jóhannsson
This paper presents a new method to automatically generate system protection schemes in real-time, where contingencies are filtered using a method providing N - 1 system snapshots. With future power systems consisting largely of renewable distributed generation with time-varying production, highly fluctuating conditions throughout the day will be the result. This makes off-line design of extensive defense plans for power systems infeasible, forming the motivation for the presented method. It relies on the real-time identification of which disturbances that threatens a power systems integrity. The method is based on a recently proposed method of calculating post-contingency Thevenin equivalents, which are used to assess the security of the post-contingency condition. The contingencies that violate the emergency limits are contained by pre-determining event-based remedial actions. The instability mechanisms threatening the system are individually treated, such that appropriate controls are allocated. The procedure is illustrated through a case study using the Nordic32 benchmark system.
{"title":"On-line generation and arming of system protection schemes","authors":"Andreas S. Pedersen, M. Blanke, J. Møller, H. Jóhannsson","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724127","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method to automatically generate system protection schemes in real-time, where contingencies are filtered using a method providing N - 1 system snapshots. With future power systems consisting largely of renewable distributed generation with time-varying production, highly fluctuating conditions throughout the day will be the result. This makes off-line design of extensive defense plans for power systems infeasible, forming the motivation for the presented method. It relies on the real-time identification of which disturbances that threatens a power systems integrity. The method is based on a recently proposed method of calculating post-contingency Thevenin equivalents, which are used to assess the security of the post-contingency condition. The contingencies that violate the emergency limits are contained by pre-determining event-based remedial actions. The instability mechanisms threatening the system are individually treated, such that appropriate controls are allocated. The procedure is illustrated through a case study using the Nordic32 benchmark system.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"41 1","pages":"277-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88175559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tokhtibakiev, Sh. K. Shokolakova, Nuri Arystanov, N. Nurtaza, K. Shubekova, A. Saukhimov
Known algorithms for parameter identification of design scheme based on the observability of the need to observe the conditions for the entire complex scheme. This paper presents an algorithm for determining the longitudinal conductivity of (active and inductive) equivalent circuit of network using synchronized vector measurements. Applying power balance formula for a single node in a complex form, calculation of conductivities is made when presenting power lines in the form of U-shaped design scheme. The proposed algorithm is constructed of two equations for each branch adjacent to the considered node without the use of a series of calculations. The correctness of the proposed algorithm implemented for the transit circuit 500 kV of the National power grid.
{"title":"Identification of design scheme parameters of electric network using WAMS data","authors":"K. Tokhtibakiev, Sh. K. Shokolakova, Nuri Arystanov, N. Nurtaza, K. Shubekova, A. Saukhimov","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724124","url":null,"abstract":"Known algorithms for parameter identification of design scheme based on the observability of the need to observe the conditions for the entire complex scheme. This paper presents an algorithm for determining the longitudinal conductivity of (active and inductive) equivalent circuit of network using synchronized vector measurements. Applying power balance formula for a single node in a complex form, calculation of conductivities is made when presenting power lines in the form of U-shaped design scheme. The proposed algorithm is constructed of two equations for each branch adjacent to the considered node without the use of a series of calculations. The correctness of the proposed algorithm implemented for the transit circuit 500 kV of the National power grid.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"25 1","pages":"263-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84606896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the problem of voltage dips, deviations and distortions active compensation in power supply systems with highly variable load and long lines. The main results of theoretical and experimental researches carried out in power supply systems of oil-production enterprises are presented. The relationships between acceptable value and duration of voltage dips and deviations and parameters of connected load in oil-production enterprises as an example are obtained. The mathematical model for estimation of value and duration of voltage dips and deviations as a function of a start-up mode of large motors and parameters of power lines is developed. The structure of improved dynamic compensator of voltage distortion, which enables efficient elimination of voltage dips and deviations under conditions of power supply systems with long power lines and highly variable load, is developed and proved.
{"title":"Active compensation of voltage dips, deviations and distortions in electrical networks with highly variable loads and long lines","authors":"Y. Sychev, A. A. Belsky","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724087","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of voltage dips, deviations and distortions active compensation in power supply systems with highly variable load and long lines. The main results of theoretical and experimental researches carried out in power supply systems of oil-production enterprises are presented. The relationships between acceptable value and duration of voltage dips and deviations and parameters of connected load in oil-production enterprises as an example are obtained. The mathematical model for estimation of value and duration of voltage dips and deviations as a function of a start-up mode of large motors and parameters of power lines is developed. The structure of improved dynamic compensator of voltage distortion, which enables efficient elimination of voltage dips and deviations under conditions of power supply systems with long power lines and highly variable load, is developed and proved.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"41 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80663863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper considers the implementation of an off-grid hybrid power supply as an alternative to the construction of a conventional power supply lines in sparsely populated remote areas in Estonia. In the first part of the paper, the economical study of off-grid hybrid systems was conducted at different typical geographical conditions including coastal and inland ones. The load demand and interest rate were the parameters for sensitivity analysis. The configuration of the studied systems could include photovoltaics, wind turbines, a diesel generator, and batteries. The components were sized through optimization procedures. The levelized costs of energy were calculated for the considered cases.
{"title":"Economical feasibility of off-grid hybrid power supply for estonian remote areas—part 1: Hybrid components sizing","authors":"V. Bolgov, M. Laanetu","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724110","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the implementation of an off-grid hybrid power supply as an alternative to the construction of a conventional power supply lines in sparsely populated remote areas in Estonia. In the first part of the paper, the economical study of off-grid hybrid systems was conducted at different typical geographical conditions including coastal and inland ones. The load demand and interest rate were the parameters for sensitivity analysis. The configuration of the studied systems could include photovoltaics, wind turbines, a diesel generator, and batteries. The components were sized through optimization procedures. The levelized costs of energy were calculated for the considered cases.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"83 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72904332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vodovozov, T. Lehtla, I. Bakman, Z. Raud, L. Gevorkov
A novel head and pressure predictive control approach is offered for the centrifugal multi-pump stations equipped with variable speed drives and programmable logical controllers. The pre-defined tabularized data are used where the efficiency estimates for different number of pumps operated at various speeds are collected. Thanks to accounting the motor drive power losses, maximal system efficiency is obtained as the main outcome without equipment oversizing. The total head and pressure management strategy is proposed basing on both the analytical performance characteristics and the experimental efficiency distribution diagrams of a multi-pump station. Using this efficiency distribution, the efficiency map is proposed where the optimal numbers of pumps are recorded aiming to maintain the system performance in one of the best efficiency regions. An appropriate control algorithm is described. Finally, some experimental results validated the new control methodology are discussed.
{"title":"Energy-efficient predictive control of centrifugal multi-pump stations","authors":"V. Vodovozov, T. Lehtla, I. Bakman, Z. Raud, L. Gevorkov","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724119","url":null,"abstract":"A novel head and pressure predictive control approach is offered for the centrifugal multi-pump stations equipped with variable speed drives and programmable logical controllers. The pre-defined tabularized data are used where the efficiency estimates for different number of pumps operated at various speeds are collected. Thanks to accounting the motor drive power losses, maximal system efficiency is obtained as the main outcome without equipment oversizing. The total head and pressure management strategy is proposed basing on both the analytical performance characteristics and the experimental efficiency distribution diagrams of a multi-pump station. Using this efficiency distribution, the efficiency map is proposed where the optimal numbers of pumps are recorded aiming to maintain the system performance in one of the best efficiency regions. An appropriate control algorithm is described. Finally, some experimental results validated the new control methodology are discussed.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"554 1","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77012249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Blūms, M. Budahs, J. Černovs, Ilgvars Gorņevs, V. Jurķāns, R. Elmanis-Helmanis
The paper presents results of Latvian distribution system operator Sadales tikls AS (ST), Riga Technical University (RTU) and Latvian transmission system operator Augstsprieguma tikls AS (AS) joint research to determine the maximum permissible loading level of five ST most used 10 kV and 20 kV cable types and development of MV cable loading control methodology which includes development of maximum achievable cable conductor temperature prediction model for n - 1 conditions (broken one MV network element). At AS laboratory five most used ST MV cable type samples were protractedly loaded at a special test bed to simulate most critical ambient environment conditions of operating cables from the heating point of view with currents from 0.3 In to 1.1 In to imitate normal and n - 1 conditions in the electrical network. Experimentally gained temperature measurement data was used to develop mathematical models for MV cable sheath and conductor temperature prediction in dependence of load current, loading duration and different ambient environment (air, spray foam, soil).
本文介绍了拉脱维亚配电系统运营商Sadales tikls AS (ST)的研究结果。里加技术大学(RTU)和拉脱维亚输电系统运营商Augstsprieguma tikls AS (AS)联合研究确定五种最常用的10千伏和20千伏电缆类型的最大允许负载水平，并开发中压电缆负载控制方法，其中包括开发n - 1条件下可实现的最大电缆导体温度预测模型(损坏一个中压网络元件)。在AS实验室，五个最常用的ST MV电缆型样品在一个特殊的试验台上长时间加载，从加热的角度模拟操作电缆最关键的环境条件，电流从0.3 In到1.1 In，模拟电网中的正常和n - 1条件。利用实验测温数据，建立了中压电缆护套和导体温度随负载电流、负载持续时间和不同环境(空气、喷雾泡沫、土壤)变化的数学模型。
{"title":"Sadales tikls AS Five most used MV cable type permissible loading possibilities at a critical environment in dependence of conductor temperature","authors":"J. Blūms, M. Budahs, J. Černovs, Ilgvars Gorņevs, V. Jurķāns, R. Elmanis-Helmanis","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724091","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of Latvian distribution system operator Sadales tikls AS (ST), Riga Technical University (RTU) and Latvian transmission system operator Augstsprieguma tikls AS (AS) joint research to determine the maximum permissible loading level of five ST most used 10 kV and 20 kV cable types and development of MV cable loading control methodology which includes development of maximum achievable cable conductor temperature prediction model for n - 1 conditions (broken one MV network element). At AS laboratory five most used ST MV cable type samples were protractedly loaded at a special test bed to simulate most critical ambient environment conditions of operating cables from the heating point of view with currents from 0.3 In to 1.1 In to imitate normal and n - 1 conditions in the electrical network. Experimentally gained temperature measurement data was used to develop mathematical models for MV cable sheath and conductor temperature prediction in dependence of load current, loading duration and different ambient environment (air, spray foam, soil).","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"29 1 1","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83885521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to inertia-less feature of inverters, microgrids with high penetration rate of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) usually suffer from power quality issues such as poor dynamic frequency stability. A promising solution of this issue is to apply virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control concept to inverter-interfaced DGs. In this paper, it is shown that compared to previous microgrid control scheme, e.g. conventional droop control, VSG control can improve microgrid frequency stability during loading transitions and fault events. This conclusion is demonstrated by theoretical time domain response of DG frequency obtained through small-signal analyses, and is verified by simulations performed in PSCAD/EMTDC.
{"title":"Power Quality improvement of microgrids by virtual synchronous generator control","authors":"Jia Liu, Y. Miura, T. Ise","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724100","url":null,"abstract":"Due to inertia-less feature of inverters, microgrids with high penetration rate of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) usually suffer from power quality issues such as poor dynamic frequency stability. A promising solution of this issue is to apply virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control concept to inverter-interfaced DGs. In this paper, it is shown that compared to previous microgrid control scheme, e.g. conventional droop control, VSG control can improve microgrid frequency stability during loading transitions and fault events. This conclusion is demonstrated by theoretical time domain response of DG frequency obtained through small-signal analyses, and is verified by simulations performed in PSCAD/EMTDC.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"20 1","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84405283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes the results of research of the prospects for changes in the European road transport sector's energy consumption and fuel mix up to 2040. The study showed that in the foreseeable future until the year 2040 energy demand in European road transportation will decrease and sector's fuel mix will undergo substantial changes, primarily due to significant increase in the use of electricity.
{"title":"Long-term impact of technological development on European road transportation sector's fuel mix: Focus on electric vehicles","authors":"Ekaterina Grushevenko, D. Grushevenko, V. Kulagin","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724107","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the results of research of the prospects for changes in the European road transport sector's energy consumption and fuel mix up to 2040. The study showed that in the foreseeable future until the year 2040 energy demand in European road transportation will decrease and sector's fuel mix will undergo substantial changes, primarily due to significant increase in the use of electricity.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"11 1","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72766832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presented paper describes the generalized mathematical model for the real-time assessment of contributions of disturbing sources (DSs) to voltage unbalance and slow voltage variation at a Point of Common Coupling (PCC). This model is intended to be the basis for a distributed and time-synchronized PQ measuring system. The model was developed on the basis of the node voltage method by using phasors of actual state parameter. DSs are assumed to be randomly distributed throughout the considering network. The simulation verification has demonstrated adequate results.
{"title":"Mathematical model for real-time assessment of contributions of disturbing sources to power quality level at a Point of Common Coupling","authors":"Y. Sayenko, M. Sukhonos, D. Kalyuzhniy, V. Bolgov","doi":"10.1109/PQ.2016.7724085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2016.7724085","url":null,"abstract":"The presented paper describes the generalized mathematical model for the real-time assessment of contributions of disturbing sources (DSs) to voltage unbalance and slow voltage variation at a Point of Common Coupling (PCC). This model is intended to be the basis for a distributed and time-synchronized PQ measuring system. The model was developed on the basis of the node voltage method by using phasors of actual state parameter. DSs are assumed to be randomly distributed throughout the considering network. The simulation verification has demonstrated adequate results.","PeriodicalId":6470,"journal":{"name":"2016 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability (PQ)","volume":"26 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73093166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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