Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609031
G. Franceschetti, A. Iodice, M. Migliaccio, D. Riccio
An efficient SAR raw signal simulator of cross-track interferometric pairs is presented. It is based on the physical optics evaluation of the scattering contributes and it is efficiently implemented via an analytic formulation of the SAR system transfer function. A certain number of meaningful examples are also presented and discussed.
{"title":"Efficient simulation of SAR interferometric raw signal pairs","authors":"G. Franceschetti, A. Iodice, M. Migliaccio, D. Riccio","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609031","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient SAR raw signal simulator of cross-track interferometric pairs is presented. It is based on the physical optics evaluation of the scattering contributes and it is efficiently implemented via an analytic formulation of the SAR system transfer function. A certain number of meaningful examples are also presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"24 1","pages":"1701-1703 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75498963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615782
M. Gabella, A. Leone, G. Perona
The aerosol kernel functions, relating (through a Fredholm integral equation) the variations in radiance measured by satellites to the variations of aerosol extinction profile, have been computed with a 20 cm/sup -1/ spectral resolution within the Oxygen A-band (LOWTRAN atmospheric database has been used). The kernel was originally evaluated at wavelengths in the near infrared region outside absorption bands. Notwithstanding the fact that a higher spectral resolution should be adopted to fully take advantage of the Oxygen band possibilities, even the 20 cm/sup -1/ resolution permits a better information content and an improved accuracy with respect to the wavelengths previously investigated: indeed the retrieval relative error is approximately reduced by a half.
{"title":"Aerosol profile variations retrieval through Kernel functions in the oxygen absorption band at 762 nm","authors":"M. Gabella, A. Leone, G. Perona","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615782","url":null,"abstract":"The aerosol kernel functions, relating (through a Fredholm integral equation) the variations in radiance measured by satellites to the variations of aerosol extinction profile, have been computed with a 20 cm/sup -1/ spectral resolution within the Oxygen A-band (LOWTRAN atmospheric database has been used). The kernel was originally evaluated at wavelengths in the near infrared region outside absorption bands. Notwithstanding the fact that a higher spectral resolution should be adopted to fully take advantage of the Oxygen band possibilities, even the 20 cm/sup -1/ resolution permits a better information content and an improved accuracy with respect to the wavelengths previously investigated: indeed the retrieval relative error is approximately reduced by a half.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"88 1","pages":"3-5 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73862073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615302
G. A. Newman, D. Alumbaugh
In large scale 3D EM inverse problems it may not be possible to directly invert a full least-squares system matrix involving model sensitivity elements. Thus iterative methods must be employed. For the inverse problem, the authors favor either a linear or nonlinear (NL) CG scheme, depending on the application. In a NL CG scheme, the gradient of the objective function is required at each relaxation step along with a univariate line search needed to determine the optimum model update. Solution examples based on both approaches are presented.
{"title":"3D electromagnetic inversion using conjugate gradients","authors":"G. A. Newman, D. Alumbaugh","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615302","url":null,"abstract":"In large scale 3D EM inverse problems it may not be possible to directly invert a full least-squares system matrix involving model sensitivity elements. Thus iterative methods must be employed. For the inverse problem, the authors favor either a linear or nonlinear (NL) CG scheme, depending on the application. In a NL CG scheme, the gradient of the objective function is required at each relaxation step along with a univariate line search needed to determine the optimum model update. Solution examples based on both approaches are presented.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"4 1","pages":"933-937 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72704010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615912
Eugenio Sansosti, R. Scheiber, G. Fornaro, M. Tesauro, R. Lanari, A. Moreira
The paper is concerned about the application of motion compensation algorithms in interferometric SAR data processing. An analysis of the effects of the error induced by the flat Earth assumption in motion compensating the data is included. Possible solutions to this problem via adjustments during and after the SAR processing and the geocoding are also discussed.
{"title":"On the motion compensation and geocoding of airborne interferometric SAR data","authors":"Eugenio Sansosti, R. Scheiber, G. Fornaro, M. Tesauro, R. Lanari, A. Moreira","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615912","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned about the application of motion compensation algorithms in interferometric SAR data processing. An analysis of the effects of the error induced by the flat Earth assumption in motion compensating the data is included. Possible solutions to this problem via adjustments during and after the SAR processing and the geocoding are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"25 1","pages":"451-453 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78228872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609041
J. Kellndorfer, M. Dobson, F. Ulaby
Recent research identified a small number of vegetation characteristics that are essential to describe parameters needed for global atmosphere-biosphere models. Efforts to derive some of these characteristics from satellite remote sensing focussed on the use of AVHRR NDVI datasets, and global land cover characteristics data bases were produced. The usefulness of this dataset is hampered by the fact, that low spatial resolution of the AHVRR data results in the necessary definition of mixed herbaceous/shrub/tree classes, where the % mixture of these basic physiogomic classes are unknown. Radar is known to be very sensitive to vegetation physiognomy and biomass. In a study at the University of Michigan the potential of the existing orbital SAR imaging systems JERS-1 and ERS-1/2 for vegetation mapping has been investigated. Both sensors have mapped the global land masses within a period of four years. Using the complimentary characteristics of frequency (L-, C-Band) and polarization (hh, vv), a classification scheme was developed to produce vegetation maps at a scale of ca. 1:200,000 with classes based on physiognomic characteristics of vegetation. The approach uses unsupervised clustering techniques and class assignment based on radar signatures, hence consistent, automatic classification is possible. The combination of the high spatial resolution of JERS/ERS SAR composites and the high temporal resolution of the AVHRR based datasets could be the winning combination to describe vegetation distribution and vegetation dynamics.
{"title":"Toward consistent global physiognomic vegetation mapping using ERS/JERS SAR classification","authors":"J. Kellndorfer, M. Dobson, F. Ulaby","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609041","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research identified a small number of vegetation characteristics that are essential to describe parameters needed for global atmosphere-biosphere models. Efforts to derive some of these characteristics from satellite remote sensing focussed on the use of AVHRR NDVI datasets, and global land cover characteristics data bases were produced. The usefulness of this dataset is hampered by the fact, that low spatial resolution of the AHVRR data results in the necessary definition of mixed herbaceous/shrub/tree classes, where the % mixture of these basic physiogomic classes are unknown. Radar is known to be very sensitive to vegetation physiognomy and biomass. In a study at the University of Michigan the potential of the existing orbital SAR imaging systems JERS-1 and ERS-1/2 for vegetation mapping has been investigated. Both sensors have mapped the global land masses within a period of four years. Using the complimentary characteristics of frequency (L-, C-Band) and polarization (hh, vv), a classification scheme was developed to produce vegetation maps at a scale of ca. 1:200,000 with classes based on physiognomic characteristics of vegetation. The approach uses unsupervised clustering techniques and class assignment based on radar signatures, hence consistent, automatic classification is possible. The combination of the high spatial resolution of JERS/ERS SAR composites and the high temporal resolution of the AVHRR based datasets could be the winning combination to describe vegetation distribution and vegetation dynamics.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"24 1","pages":"1719-1721 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75072056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615913
K. Singh, N. Stussi, K. Keong, L. Hock
The authors propose a new method of determining the baseline in SAR interferometry. In particular, they show how the baseline parameters can be retrieved from a Fourier analysis of the interferometric fringes.
{"title":"Baseline estimation in interferometric SAR","authors":"K. Singh, N. Stussi, K. Keong, L. Hock","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615913","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose a new method of determining the baseline in SAR interferometry. In particular, they show how the baseline parameters can be retrieved from a Fourier analysis of the interferometric fringes.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"28 1","pages":"454-456 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72675156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.608894
J. Galloway, A. Pazmany, R. McIntosh, D. Leon, J. French, S. Haimov, R. Kelly, G. Vali
This paper presents Doppler spectrum measurements of drizzle and marine stratocumulus clouds from the University of Wyoming King Air W-band radar taken during the Coastal Stratus experiment off the coast of Oregon during late 1995. Comparisons with 2D PMS laser size spectrometer measurements of the same region indicate substantial agreement between the two approaches to drop size spectrum measurement.
本文介绍了怀俄明大学King Air w波段雷达1995年末在俄勒冈沿海进行海岸层流实验时对毛毛雨和海洋层积云的多普勒频谱测量结果。与同一区域的二维PMS激光尺寸光谱仪测量结果的比较表明，这两种方法在液滴尺寸光谱测量上有很大的一致性。
{"title":"Airborne W-band radar measurements of the Doppler spectrum of light precipitation","authors":"J. Galloway, A. Pazmany, R. McIntosh, D. Leon, J. French, S. Haimov, R. Kelly, G. Vali","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.608894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.608894","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents Doppler spectrum measurements of drizzle and marine stratocumulus clouds from the University of Wyoming King Air W-band radar taken during the Coastal Stratus experiment off the coast of Oregon during late 1995. Comparisons with 2D PMS laser size spectrometer measurements of the same region indicate substantial agreement between the two approaches to drop size spectrum measurement.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"39 1","pages":"1460-1462 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79875848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615833
D. Stephenson-Hawk, K. Stevens, A. Shah
A four-dimensional data assimilation program is being developed which uses measurements of the emissivity of vegetation canopies to define the Earth's surface temperature from remotely sensed measurements of radiance. Currently, there exists a paucity of data defining vegetative emissivity. The need for vegetative emissivity measurements in determining the global surface temperature from satellite radiances is established. The sensitivity of the radiance inversions to these data, however, is yet to be determined. The approach used to define the sensitivity of the inversion algorithms is presented. Provided also is the testbed developed to explore this sensitivity. A method to determine global surface temperatures given satellite radiance's and ground cover mosaics obtained from Landsat and Advanced High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) measurements using this sensitivity analysis is being investigated as part of this on-going study. A testbed and computer simulation to explore this sensitivity have been developed and tested. The satellite-infrared temperatures will be compared with canopy temperatures (in situ measurements) measured at ambient conditions away from direct sunlight exposure. Given this comparison, the accuracy of global maps of surface temperature obtained from satellite measurements of radiance can be defined when coupled with measurements of soil moisture and the known morphology of the vegetation.
{"title":"Determination of the Earth's emissivity for use in studies of global climate change","authors":"D. Stephenson-Hawk, K. Stevens, A. Shah","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615833","url":null,"abstract":"A four-dimensional data assimilation program is being developed which uses measurements of the emissivity of vegetation canopies to define the Earth's surface temperature from remotely sensed measurements of radiance. Currently, there exists a paucity of data defining vegetative emissivity. The need for vegetative emissivity measurements in determining the global surface temperature from satellite radiances is established. The sensitivity of the radiance inversions to these data, however, is yet to be determined. The approach used to define the sensitivity of the inversion algorithms is presented. Provided also is the testbed developed to explore this sensitivity. A method to determine global surface temperatures given satellite radiance's and ground cover mosaics obtained from Landsat and Advanced High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) measurements using this sensitivity analysis is being investigated as part of this on-going study. A testbed and computer simulation to explore this sensitivity have been developed and tested. The satellite-infrared temperatures will be compared with canopy temperatures (in situ measurements) measured at ambient conditions away from direct sunlight exposure. Given this comparison, the accuracy of global maps of surface temperature obtained from satellite measurements of radiance can be defined when coupled with measurements of soil moisture and the known morphology of the vegetation.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"8 1","pages":"180-183 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609156
K.F. Siddiqui
Satellite imagery of weather patterns and meteorological information are used to develop a knowledge based weather image processing and classification system (KB/WIS). Wavelet and fractal methods are used to extract features from weather images. The features extracted are used to represent various weather patterns. The system is statistically trained to characterize and interpret weather patterns. The system is a composite of four components: image acquisition, image preprocessing and enhancement, feature extraction and selection, and weather inference engine. Complete architecture of the KB/WIS system including its applications is described.
{"title":"Knowledge based weather image processing and classification","authors":"K.F. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609156","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite imagery of weather patterns and meteorological information are used to develop a knowledge based weather image processing and classification system (KB/WIS). Wavelet and fractal methods are used to extract features from weather images. The features extracted are used to represent various weather patterns. The system is statistically trained to characterize and interpret weather patterns. The system is a composite of four components: image acquisition, image preprocessing and enhancement, feature extraction and selection, and weather inference engine. Complete architecture of the KB/WIS system including its applications is described.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"31 1","pages":"1944-1946 vol.4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79116866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-03DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606377
Guifu Zhang, L. Tsang, Y. Kuga
The authors study the angular correlation function (ACF) of a rough surface and volume scattering and apply it to the detection of a target embedded in the clutter. Both the 2D and 3D ACF are studied by using numerical simulations with frequency averaging and circular azimuthal angle averaging techniques. The 3D case has an increase of degree of freedom over the 2D case. This increase of freedom makes the circular azimuthal angle averaging more successful in suppressing the clutter, making the technique attractive in real life implementation.
{"title":"Application of angular correlation function of wave scattering by a random rough surface and random discrete scatterers in target detection","authors":"Guifu Zhang, L. Tsang, Y. Kuga","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606377","url":null,"abstract":"The authors study the angular correlation function (ACF) of a rough surface and volume scattering and apply it to the detection of a target embedded in the clutter. Both the 2D and 3D ACF are studied by using numerical simulations with frequency averaging and circular azimuthal angle averaging techniques. The 3D case has an increase of degree of freedom over the 2D case. This increase of freedom makes the circular azimuthal angle averaging more successful in suppressing the clutter, making the technique attractive in real life implementation.","PeriodicalId":64877,"journal":{"name":"遥感信息","volume":"7 1","pages":"1141-1143 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79310001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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