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Applicability of category decomposition for the fusion of multi-resolution data 分类分解在多分辨率数据融合中的适用性
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615313
S. Takeuchi, A. Inanaga
The authors tested the applicability of the category decomposition method based on the linear mixture model for the fusion of multiple-resolution satellite data such as Landsat-TM and NOAA-AVHRR. The goal of the application of this method is to estimate the mixing ratio of different categories within one pixel of the lower-resolution data using the classification result of the higher-resolution data, which is considered to be useful for the extrapolation of the information from the higher-resolution data over the wider coverage of the lower-resolution data. The authors tested the estimation accuracy by two kinds of decomposition methods, the maximum likelihood estimation and the minimum distance estimation and also by the multiple regression method. The experimental results showed that the most adequate estimation was obtained by the category decomposition based on the minimum distance estimation.
对基于线性混合模型的分类分解方法在Landsat-TM和NOAA-AVHRR等多分辨率卫星数据融合中的适用性进行了验证。该方法的应用目标是利用高分辨率数据的分类结果估计低分辨率数据的一个像素内不同类别的混合比例,这被认为有助于将高分辨率数据的信息外推到低分辨率数据的更大覆盖范围。采用最大似然估计和最小距离估计两种分解方法以及多元回归方法对估计精度进行了检验。实验结果表明,基于最小距离估计的分类分解方法得到了最充分的估计。
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引用次数: 1
Retrieval of land surface temperature and water vapor content from AVHRR thermal imagery using an artificial neural network 基于人工神经网络的AVHRR热像反演地表温度和水汽含量
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609165
S. Liang
AVHRR thermal imagery is sensitive to both water vapor content (WVC) and land surface temperature (LST). A new algorithm based on MODTRAN simulations and neural network regression technique for estimating WVC and LST from the two AVHRR thermal channels is developed. The Navy climatological profiles and measured atmospheric profiles from TOGA COARE upper-air sounding archive were used to simulate AVHRR channels 4 and 5 radiances with different combinations of surface temperature, emissivity, viewing zenith angle. The simulated radiances were then converted to brightness temperatures. A feedforward neural network was used to link those physical parameters with simulated brightness temperatures. This algorithm has been tested using measurements from BOREAS and HAPEX, and results indicate that this procedure performs reasonably well. The required improvements are also highlighted.
AVHRR热像对水汽含量(WVC)和地表温度(LST)都很敏感。提出了一种基于MODTRAN模拟和神经网络回归技术的AVHRR热通道WVC和LST估计新算法。利用美国海军气候廓线和TOGA COARE高空探测档案实测大气廓线,模拟了地表温度、发射率、观测天顶角不同组合下AVHRR通道4和通道5辐射度。然后将模拟的辐射度转换为亮度温度。利用前馈神经网络将这些物理参数与模拟亮度温度联系起来。利用BOREAS和HAPEX的测量结果对该算法进行了测试,结果表明该算法具有较好的性能。还强调了所需的改进。
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引用次数: 2
Deriving glaciers variation integrated remote sensing and GIS in the Tibetan plateau 青藏高原冰川变化遥感与GIS集成研究
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615899
Zhen Li, Q. Zeng
Glaciers on the Tibetan plateau play an important role in the Earth's climate system. Because of high altitude and difficulties in access, regular, systematic surveys of glacier variation are almost impossible in some regions of the Tibetan plateau. As a result, remote sensing techniques are at present the primary, in many cases the only way to measure the state of glaciers. In combination with GIS, it provides an efficient tool to analyze the current state and changes in glaciers. The authors used a technique of integrated remote sensing and GIS to map and measure on the changes in glaciers using a 21-year series of Landsat images (from 1973 to 1994) and topographic maps on a study site on the Tibetan plateau. The details of glacier fluctuation, such as area of glaciers and the changes in the magnitude of recession or advance of a glacier terminus on different dates, are described based on the results of image analysis, including coregistration, classification, vector analysis, and area calculation. Within the study area, during the 21 years, it was determined that the northern glaciers advanced and the southern glaciers retreated, the average rate of change was 50 to 105 m a/sup -1/. The results show that Landsat data provide an important source of information for studies of glacier variation.
青藏高原上的冰川在地球气候系统中扮演着重要的角色。由于海拔高,交通不便,在青藏高原的一些地区,对冰川变化的定期、系统的调查几乎是不可能的。因此,遥感技术目前是测量冰川状况的主要方法,在许多情况下是唯一的方法。与GIS相结合,它提供了一个有效的工具来分析冰川的现状和变化。在青藏高原的一个研究地点,利用1973 - 1994年的21年Landsat系列影像和地形图,采用遥感和GIS综合技术对冰川的变化进行了制图和测量。根据图像分析结果,包括共配准、分类、矢量分析和面积计算,描述冰川波动的细节,如冰川面积和冰川末端退缩或前进幅度在不同日期的变化。在研究区内,21 a期间,确定了北部冰川前进,南部冰川后退,平均变化率为50 ~ 105 m a/sup -1/。结果表明,Landsat数据为冰川变化研究提供了重要的信息来源。
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引用次数: 2
The NASA/JPL Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar's 1996 PacRim deployment 1996年NASA/JPL机载合成孔径雷达的PacRim部署
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606460
Y. Lou, Y. Kim, J. V. Van Zyl, L. Maldonado, T. Miller, E. O'Leary, G. Romero, W. Skotnicki, V. Taylor
In November and December 1996, the NASA/JPL Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar System (AIRSAR) embarked on a seven-week campaign to several Pacific Rim countries. This mission was jointly organized by NASA, Australia's Office of Space Science and Application, and University of New South Wales. The major purpose of the mission is to establish a collaborative effort in the area of radar remote sensing application between the United States and the Pacific Rim countries. SAR data were acquired for both U.S. researchers as well as the participating countries. In addition to Hawaii, the authors imaged areas of interest in New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Cambodia including coastal regions of some countries. The target areas of this multi-frequency, polarimetric and interferometric SAR system included volcanoes, sites for studies in geology, hydrology, and land use mapping, and forested mountains to generate height maps of rugged and inaccessible areas.
在1996年11月和12月,NASA/JPL机载合成孔径雷达系统(AIRSAR)开始对几个环太平洋国家进行为期七周的战役。这次任务是由美国宇航局、澳大利亚空间科学与应用办公室和新南威尔士大学联合组织的。该任务的主要目的是在美国和环太平洋国家之间建立雷达遥感应用领域的合作努力。美国和参与国的研究人员都获得了SAR数据。除夏威夷外,作者还拍摄了新西兰、澳大利亚、巴布亚新几内亚、马来西亚、文莱、菲律宾、台湾、泰国和柬埔寨的一些地区,包括一些国家的沿海地区。这种多频率、偏振和干涉SAR系统的目标区域包括火山、地质、水文和土地利用测绘研究地点,以及生成崎岖和难以到达地区高度图的森林山脉。
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引用次数: 3
Passive microwave signatures of the melting layer in stratiform clouds 层状云中熔融层的被动微波特征
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606421
Peter Bauer, J.P.V. Poiares Baptista, M. D. Iulis
A study was carried out in order to estimate the effect of melting particles on brightness temperatures at microwave frequencies between 10.7 and 85.5 GHz. A meteorological model framework was set up to determine the melting stage of various frozen particles below the freezing layer. Different approaches for calculating the effective permittivity of mixed particles were compared. The resulting extinction coefficients, single scattering albedos, and asymmetry parameters indicate a maximum effect when a water matrix with air/ice inclusions is assumed. Extreme local differences of 20-25% between the optical parameters employing either a Marshall-Palmer or a Gamma-type dropsize distribution occur. When radiative transfer calculations are carried out, maximum deviations of >20 K at low frequencies are observed. Neglecting the melting effect may lead to severe overestimations of surface rainrates by up to 100% in stratiform conditions.
在10.7 ~ 85.5 GHz微波频率范围内,研究了熔融粒子对亮温的影响。建立了一个气象模式框架,以确定冻结层以下各种冻结颗粒的融化阶段。比较了计算混合粒子有效介电常数的不同方法。所得消光系数、单次散射反照率和不对称参数表明,当假设含有空气/冰包裹体的水基质时,效果最大。采用马歇尔-帕尔默或伽玛型液滴大小分布的光学参数之间存在20-25%的极端局部差异。当进行辐射传输计算时,在低频处观测到的最大偏差> 20k。忽略融化效应可能导致在层状条件下对地表降雨率的严重高估,最高可达100%。
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引用次数: 0
A simple model for the estimation of biomass density of regenerating tropical forest using JERS-1 SAR and its application to Amazon region image mosaics 基于JERS-1 SAR估算热带再生林生物量密度的简单模型及其在亚马逊地区图像拼接中的应用
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.609076
A. Luckman, J. Baker
Regenerating tropical forests are important to the regional carbon balance because they represent areas of high carbon flux from the atmosphere to the land. These forests are complex in species distribution and structure so generalised models of radar backscatter are difficult to develop. However, empirical studies suggest a sensitivity of L-band SAR to the biomass density in these forests which may be employed to map and measure their growth. This paper investigates a simple empirical model representing the response of the JERS-1 SAR to the biomass density of regenerating forest in Brazil. This model was verified using independent data sources and employed to map biomass density over large regions of Amazonia from large scale JERS-1 image mosaics provided by NASDA.
热带森林的再生对区域碳平衡很重要,因为它们代表了从大气到陆地的高碳通量地区。这些森林在物种分布和结构上都很复杂,因此很难建立雷达后向散射的一般模型。然而,经验研究表明,l波段SAR对这些森林的生物量密度具有敏感性,可用于绘制和测量其生长情况。本文研究了一个代表JERS-1 SAR对巴西再生林生物量密度响应的简单经验模型。利用独立数据源验证了该模型,并利用NASDA提供的JERS-1大比比尺图像拼接图绘制了亚马逊大区域的生物量密度。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial recharge studies through remote sensing in central part of Tamil Nadu, India 在印度泰米尔纳德邦中部通过遥感进行人工补给研究
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.615789
S. Anbazhagan, S. Ramasamy, J. Edwin
A remote sensing based geological analysis was carried out in the hard rock terrains of Central Tamil Nadu, India. Rock-soil contact, pervious-impervious soil covered areas, structural trend lines and folded configurations and lineaments were interpreted from airborne and satellite data. Finally, the favourable domains were integrated with deep water level areas, the suitable sites for artificial recharge were identified.
对印度泰米尔纳德邦中部的硬岩地形进行了遥感地质分析。从航空和卫星数据中解释了岩土接触,透水-不透水土壤覆盖面积,结构趋势线和折叠构型和轮廓。最后,将有利区域与深水水位区相结合,确定了适宜的人工回灌场地。
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引用次数: 3
SeaSat Scatterometer observations of sea ice 海冰的散射计观测
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606428
C. Swift
SeaSat I Scatterometer data collected over the Beaufort Sea are analyzed and compared with a simple theoretical model that includes surface roughness and volume scattering. The values of the root-mean-square surface slope of roughness and the volume scattering albedo are adjusted to fit the data. With qualifications imposed on the theoretical assumptions, the data are well-modeled by the two parameters, and the sensor offers a means to monitor the statistical properties of sea ice in existing satellite scatterometers experiments, such as the European Remote Sensing Satellite and the NSCAT on the Japanese ADEOS I Spacecraft.
对在波弗特海收集的SeaSat I散射计数据进行了分析,并与包含表面粗糙度和体积散射的简单理论模型进行了比较。调整表面粗糙度均方根斜率和体散射反照率以拟合数据。在对理论假设进行限定的情况下,这两个参数可以很好地模拟数据,并且该传感器为现有卫星散射计实验(如欧洲遥感卫星和日本ADEOS I航天器上的NSCAT)提供了一种监测海冰统计特性的手段。
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引用次数: 16
Reduction of the phase-unwrapping drawbacks by the three-antenna interferometric SAR system 减少三天线干涉SAR系统的相位展开缺陷
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.608933
G. Corsini, M. Diani, F. Lombardini, G. Pinelli
One of the most critical steps of SAR interferometry for elevation mapping is the phase-unwrapping procedure. This paper analyzes the reduction of the phase-unwrapping drawbacks obtainable by using a recently proposed three-antenna SAR interferometer and a statistically optimal processor to estimate directly the interferometric phase with reduced ambiguity. A simulation of realistic scenarios is carried out. The performance analysis shows that the new technique significantly outperforms the conventional one, especially for high-relief terrains.
SAR干涉测量中最关键的步骤之一是相位展开过程。本文分析了利用最近提出的三天线SAR干涉仪和统计优化处理器直接估计干涉相位并减少歧义的方法可以减少相位展开缺陷。对现实场景进行了仿真。性能分析表明,新技术明显优于传统技术,特别是在高起伏地形上。
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引用次数: 6
RADARSAT-1 Background Mission for a global SAR coverage RADARSAT-1背景任务,用于全球SAR覆盖
Pub Date : 1997-08-03 DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1997.606402
A. Mahmood
RADARSAT-1 Background Mission is the first attempt ever to acquire uniform global synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in various seasons and imaging modes. A multi-mode global coverage is made possible by making use of the flexible imaging parameters of the satellite and its real-time as well as on-board recording capabilities. Synoptic, continental scale coverages along with local time-sensitive and application-specific data collections are planned. All data acquired under Background Mission are archived and, like the archives of any other RADARSAT-1 data, are accessible to the user community for its scientific and operational needs. RADARSAT-1 Background Mission started with the commencement of normal satellite operations in April 1996. This article reports on the progress made so far in the first two coverages of the world, one with the ScanSAR Wide and the other with the Standard 7 imaging beams of RADARSAT-1 SAR.
RADARSAT-1背景任务是有史以来首次尝试在不同季节和成像模式下获取全球统一合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据。利用卫星灵活的成像参数及其实时和机载记录能力,可以实现多模式全球覆盖。天气、大陆尺度覆盖以及当地时间敏感和特定应用的数据收集计划。在背景任务下取得的所有数据都已存档,并且象任何其他RADARSAT-1数据的存档一样,可供用户社区查阅,以满足其科学和业务需要。RADARSAT-1背景任务于1996年4月开始正常卫星业务。本文介绍了RADARSAT-1合成孔径雷达(SAR)前两个覆盖的进展情况,一个是scan - ar Wide覆盖,另一个是Standard 7成像波束覆盖。
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引用次数: 3
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遥感信息
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