Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247698
Michiel Haemers, S. Derammelaere, K. Stockman
In many structures the decision on how to apply actuators and sensors is a complicated puzzle. A balance between implementation cost and achievable performance must be found, and this proves to be a challenging task. In this paper, an optimization procedure is proposed to co-design the number of actuators and sensors on the one hand and simultaneously determine the corresponding optimal controller feedback gains on the other hand. Both are optimized to obtain optimal control performance. Starting from a state-space representation, the presence or absence of actuators and sensors is described as selection binaries. Furthermore, many non-linearities are present as for example the maximum control effort u or implementation cost change discontinuously when different configurations are used. A proposed method to answer these problems is to use a novel Genetic Algorithm implementation. This way, a resulting optimization procedure is formulated to define the optimal hardware configuration choosing from several possible actuator types on the one hand. On the other, it can concurrently determine the feedback gains that make optimal use of the available maximum actuator control effort u.
{"title":"Co-design of controller and setup configuration using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Michiel Haemers, S. Derammelaere, K. Stockman","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247698","url":null,"abstract":"In many structures the decision on how to apply actuators and sensors is a complicated puzzle. A balance between implementation cost and achievable performance must be found, and this proves to be a challenging task. In this paper, an optimization procedure is proposed to co-design the number of actuators and sensors on the one hand and simultaneously determine the corresponding optimal controller feedback gains on the other hand. Both are optimized to obtain optimal control performance. Starting from a state-space representation, the presence or absence of actuators and sensors is described as selection binaries. Furthermore, many non-linearities are present as for example the maximum control effort u or implementation cost change discontinuously when different configurations are used. A proposed method to answer these problems is to use a novel Genetic Algorithm implementation. This way, a resulting optimization procedure is formulated to define the optimal hardware configuration choosing from several possible actuator types on the one hand. On the other, it can concurrently determine the feedback gains that make optimal use of the available maximum actuator control effort u.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74251842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247673
X. Hoang, A. Fay, Philipp Marks, M. Weyrich
Due to current trends in manufacturing, existing machines need to become more flexible to cope with a more dynamical production environment. To achieve this “flexibilization”, existing machines have to undergo adaptation processes during their operational phase, i.e. mechanical changes, changes of sensors and actuators, software changes, or a combination thereof. A fundamental part of these adaptation processes is the generation of adaptation options. Here, many constraints and interrelations must be considered, which complicate these processes and may result in suboptimal or error-prone results. Therefore, a systematical and efficient approach for generating adaptation options is indispensable for a successful adaptation process. State-of-the-art approaches mostly focus on the adaptation of products and are not appropriate for manufacturing machines. Accordingly, in this contribution an approach for the generation of adaptation options is proposed to support the adaptation of manufacturing machines. The approach is based on the interdependencies between products, processes, and resources. The application of the approach is demonstrated by an illustrative example of a pick-and-place unit.
{"title":"Generation and impact analysis of adaptation options for automated manufacturing machines","authors":"X. Hoang, A. Fay, Philipp Marks, M. Weyrich","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247673","url":null,"abstract":"Due to current trends in manufacturing, existing machines need to become more flexible to cope with a more dynamical production environment. To achieve this “flexibilization”, existing machines have to undergo adaptation processes during their operational phase, i.e. mechanical changes, changes of sensors and actuators, software changes, or a combination thereof. A fundamental part of these adaptation processes is the generation of adaptation options. Here, many constraints and interrelations must be considered, which complicate these processes and may result in suboptimal or error-prone results. Therefore, a systematical and efficient approach for generating adaptation options is indispensable for a successful adaptation process. State-of-the-art approaches mostly focus on the adaptation of products and are not appropriate for manufacturing machines. Accordingly, in this contribution an approach for the generation of adaptation options is proposed to support the adaptation of manufacturing machines. The approach is based on the interdependencies between products, processes, and resources. The application of the approach is demonstrated by an illustrative example of a pick-and-place unit.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74408455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247761
O. Heimann, Johannes Hügle, J. Krüger
This paper is a work in progress report on a novel system for intuitive gesture based robot programming. The major contribution is the addition of an expert system into the robot programming process. The expert system uses static knowledge, such as seam types, and dynamic knowledge to reason about the intended process. The dynamic knowledge holds information about the environment and is derived from sensor data. The paper outlines the required components and the current state of development of a prototype system. An example of the inference process is given for a robot laser welding application.
{"title":"Gesture based robot programming using process knowledge — An example for welding applications","authors":"O. Heimann, Johannes Hügle, J. Krüger","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247761","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a work in progress report on a novel system for intuitive gesture based robot programming. The major contribution is the addition of an expert system into the robot programming process. The expert system uses static knowledge, such as seam types, and dynamic knowledge to reason about the intended process. The dynamic knowledge holds information about the environment and is derived from sensor data. The paper outlines the required components and the current state of development of a prototype system. An example of the inference process is given for a robot laser welding application.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72675526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247629
R. Vilanova, C. Pedret, M. Barbu, O. Arrieta
This work faces the problem of frequency deviation in microgrid systems. The considered microgrid includes renewable energy sources such as wind and solar photovoltaic. As long as these sources provide an irregular power supply or there is a sudden change in the system load, the power system frequency deviates. In order to compensate such deviations, alternative, conventional energy sources should be commanded in order to provide the corresponding power deficit. In this paper a very simple and of common industrial practice control approach such as the Internal Model Control based on first order plus time delay models is proposed within an event-based framework. As the commanded energy sources are based on fuel consumption, the control usage has to be maintained at low levels. It is shown that the event-based approach is able to provide accurate frequency deviation control with very low movements for the control signal. Time domain simulations show the effectiveness of the approach as compared with other more sophisticated controllers already proposed in the literature.
{"title":"Event-based internal model control approach for frequency deviation control in islanded micro grid","authors":"R. Vilanova, C. Pedret, M. Barbu, O. Arrieta","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247629","url":null,"abstract":"This work faces the problem of frequency deviation in microgrid systems. The considered microgrid includes renewable energy sources such as wind and solar photovoltaic. As long as these sources provide an irregular power supply or there is a sudden change in the system load, the power system frequency deviates. In order to compensate such deviations, alternative, conventional energy sources should be commanded in order to provide the corresponding power deficit. In this paper a very simple and of common industrial practice control approach such as the Internal Model Control based on first order plus time delay models is proposed within an event-based framework. As the commanded energy sources are based on fuel consumption, the control usage has to be maintained at low levels. It is shown that the event-based approach is able to provide accurate frequency deviation control with very low movements for the control signal. Time domain simulations show the effectiveness of the approach as compared with other more sophisticated controllers already proposed in the literature.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81136572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247684
Olivier Van Cutsem, G. Lilis, M. Kayal
Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring can greatly benefit the Smart Buildings for energy awareness, while reducing cost and avoiding intrusive technology. This paper presents a generic algorithm for extracting the main power states of electrical appliances. The method is based on iterative K-mean clustering that is applied on historical plug-level active power data. The resulting multi-state load profile identification module is then integrated within an existing Building Management System for outlet-level energy disaggregation. Factorial Hidden Markov Modelling models the plugged appliances for low-frequency power disaggregation purposes, and incorporates the extracted set of appliances states. The solution was validated using the ECO dataset and NILM-Eval toolbox, allowing a comparison with standard binary ON/OFF modelling. It showed that the multi-state modelling significantly reduces the RMS error of the inferred power signals, yet at the expense of a higher computing time. Moreover, given a small set of appliances, the total inferred energy may be evaluated more precisely, leading to an enhancement of the quality of user energy feedback.
{"title":"Automatic multi-state load profile identification with application to energy disaggregation","authors":"Olivier Van Cutsem, G. Lilis, M. Kayal","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247684","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring can greatly benefit the Smart Buildings for energy awareness, while reducing cost and avoiding intrusive technology. This paper presents a generic algorithm for extracting the main power states of electrical appliances. The method is based on iterative K-mean clustering that is applied on historical plug-level active power data. The resulting multi-state load profile identification module is then integrated within an existing Building Management System for outlet-level energy disaggregation. Factorial Hidden Markov Modelling models the plugged appliances for low-frequency power disaggregation purposes, and incorporates the extracted set of appliances states. The solution was validated using the ECO dataset and NILM-Eval toolbox, allowing a comparison with standard binary ON/OFF modelling. It showed that the multi-state modelling significantly reduces the RMS error of the inferred power signals, yet at the expense of a higher computing time. Moreover, given a small set of appliances, the total inferred energy may be evaluated more precisely, leading to an enhancement of the quality of user energy feedback.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81616339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247625
Yannick Laumonier, J. Faure, J. Lesage, H. Sabot
Alarm systems play critically important role for the safe and efficient operation of modern industrial plants. However, most existing industrial alarm systems suffer from poor performance due to too many alarms needing to be handled by operators in control rooms. This paper proposes a method to reduce the alarm flood by detecting redundant alarms so that they can be filtered later before being transmitted to operators. To do that, an approach based on pattern mining is selected. That method is then applied on an actual dataset coming from a General Electric power plant. The results show that removing redundant alarms allow significantly reducing alarm flood, without loss of efficiency nor safety.
{"title":"Towards alarm flood reduction","authors":"Yannick Laumonier, J. Faure, J. Lesage, H. Sabot","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247625","url":null,"abstract":"Alarm systems play critically important role for the safe and efficient operation of modern industrial plants. However, most existing industrial alarm systems suffer from poor performance due to too many alarms needing to be handled by operators in control rooms. This paper proposes a method to reduce the alarm flood by detecting redundant alarms so that they can be filtered later before being transmitted to operators. To do that, an approach based on pattern mining is selected. That method is then applied on an actual dataset coming from a General Electric power plant. The results show that removing redundant alarms allow significantly reducing alarm flood, without loss of efficiency nor safety.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81731118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247736
Christakis Kallis, K. M. Deliparaschos, G. Moustris, Avraam Georgiou, Themistoklis Charalambous
This paper presents a 2D Delaunay triangulation core for surface reconstruction implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip. The core implementation is derived using high-level synthesis from a C++ description of an incremental 2D Delaunay triangulation algorithm. This description was modified accordingly so that it can be embedded into a FPGA chip using hardware description language. Goal of this work is to increase the execution speed of the algorithm so as to allow for real-time operation. Towards this end, we performed an optimization process using high level synthesis directives which pipeline regions of the code in order to achieve delay optimization. We show preliminary results using standard benchmark models for surface reconstruction, which show the performance of our design.
{"title":"Incremental 2D Delaunay triangulation core implementation on FPGA for surface reconstruction via high-level synthesis","authors":"Christakis Kallis, K. M. Deliparaschos, G. Moustris, Avraam Georgiou, Themistoklis Charalambous","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247736","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 2D Delaunay triangulation core for surface reconstruction implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip. The core implementation is derived using high-level synthesis from a C++ description of an incremental 2D Delaunay triangulation algorithm. This description was modified accordingly so that it can be embedded into a FPGA chip using hardware description language. Goal of this work is to increase the execution speed of the algorithm so as to allow for real-time operation. Towards this end, we performed an optimization process using high level synthesis directives which pipeline regions of the code in order to achieve delay optimization. We show preliminary results using standard benchmark models for surface reconstruction, which show the performance of our design.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86831895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247745
Nico Susmann, Ansgar Meroth
This paper demonstrates a software framework and a model based design approach to flexible industrial system architectures. The paper primarily focusses on testing and verification of systems with CANopen network. As an example, the design of passenger elevators is demonstrated. Testing and verification of the system, consisting of simulated components, real components and components available off the shelf, can be performed in an early development phase long before in-situ integration. This approach also helps maintaining safety and integrity of the system while matching development schedules. Simulation is performed with Matlab/Simulink while CANopen communication with real components and/or neighboring networks is realized via stubs written in JAVA. Finally, applications of the new framework are shown which are beyond the sole component and system verification.
{"title":"Model based development and verification of CANopen components","authors":"Nico Susmann, Ansgar Meroth","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247745","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a software framework and a model based design approach to flexible industrial system architectures. The paper primarily focusses on testing and verification of systems with CANopen network. As an example, the design of passenger elevators is demonstrated. Testing and verification of the system, consisting of simulated components, real components and components available off the shelf, can be performed in an early development phase long before in-situ integration. This approach also helps maintaining safety and integrity of the system while matching development schedules. Simulation is performed with Matlab/Simulink while CANopen communication with real components and/or neighboring networks is realized via stubs written in JAVA. Finally, applications of the new framework are shown which are beyond the sole component and system verification.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"PP 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84286979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247716
A. Rath, Divyasheel Sharma
Sending all the industrial data to cloud may not be best suited for all Industrial Internet of Things applications. Shipping high-resolution and high frequency (millions/sec) industrial time-series data from thousands of devices may be prohibitively expensive or just infeasible. In such scenarios, it may be better to post targeted queries to the data sources/concentrators across the industrial devices, plants and clouds' networked hierarchy. Hence, in this paper, we propose Dachi, a service that enables on-demand networked querying of data. We present investigations into network topology formation, relaying/broadcast of queries when the destination is known or unknown, management and propagation of routing information distributed across nodes, and nodes crashing, joining or leaving the network by an implementation of the Dachi service.
{"title":"Dachi: A networked querying system for industrial Internet of Things applications","authors":"A. Rath, Divyasheel Sharma","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247716","url":null,"abstract":"Sending all the industrial data to cloud may not be best suited for all Industrial Internet of Things applications. Shipping high-resolution and high frequency (millions/sec) industrial time-series data from thousands of devices may be prohibitively expensive or just infeasible. In such scenarios, it may be better to post targeted queries to the data sources/concentrators across the industrial devices, plants and clouds' networked hierarchy. Hence, in this paper, we propose Dachi, a service that enables on-demand networked querying of data. We present investigations into network topology formation, relaying/broadcast of queries when the destination is known or unknown, management and propagation of routing information distributed across nodes, and nodes crashing, joining or leaving the network by an implementation of the Dachi service.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84691553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247769
Weilian Su, Anastasios Antoniou, C. Eagle
In this paper, an industrial testbed is proposed utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf equipment, and it is used to study the weakness of industrial Ethernet, i.e., PROFINET. The investigation is based on observation of the principles of operation of PROFINET and the functionality of industrial control systems.
{"title":"Cyber security of industrial communication protocols","authors":"Weilian Su, Anastasios Antoniou, C. Eagle","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247769","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an industrial testbed is proposed utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf equipment, and it is used to study the weakness of industrial Ethernet, i.e., PROFINET. The investigation is based on observation of the principles of operation of PROFINET and the functionality of industrial control systems.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"6 4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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