Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247691
Markus Graube, Stephan Hensel, C. Iatrou, L. Urbas
OPC UA is one of the most prominent candidates for a middleware in future CPS scenarios. It provides many concepts which makes it very useful to address challenges in the area of flexibility, security and availability. It offers a semantic rich information space with extensible OPC UA information models. They make it possible to develop smart client application with a high degree of flexibility. This paper summarizes experiences made with the use of OPC UA information models. Thus, it presents various projects in which we used OPC UA as base technologies. Then, we describe how information models supported the development. On the other hand, we provide a list of issues which we experienced regarding this information models. There is some potential to improve OPC UA in the area of revision management and distributed applications.
{"title":"Information models in OPC UA and their advantages and disadvantages","authors":"Markus Graube, Stephan Hensel, C. Iatrou, L. Urbas","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247691","url":null,"abstract":"OPC UA is one of the most prominent candidates for a middleware in future CPS scenarios. It provides many concepts which makes it very useful to address challenges in the area of flexibility, security and availability. It offers a semantic rich information space with extensible OPC UA information models. They make it possible to develop smart client application with a high degree of flexibility. This paper summarizes experiences made with the use of OPC UA information models. Thus, it presents various projects in which we used OPC UA as base technologies. Then, we describe how information models supported the development. On the other hand, we provide a list of issues which we experienced regarding this information models. There is some potential to improve OPC UA in the area of revision management and distributed applications.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"120 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79429234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247752
A. Maxim, D. Copot, C. Ionescu, R. Keyser
This paper proposes a rationale and methodology for control structure adaptation in presence of varying, unknown sub-system interaction degree. Two elements are introduced: 1) the detection, i.e., the cycle of detecting changing circumstances, planning and deploying responsive modifications and 2) the adaptation of the control architecture to maintain specified performance, fulfilled in absence of model information. The first hand results presented in this work indicate the method works well. Simulation studies support the application potential of the proposed methodology.
{"title":"A methodology for control structure adaptation in presence of varying, unknown sub-system interaction degree","authors":"A. Maxim, D. Copot, C. Ionescu, R. Keyser","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247752","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a rationale and methodology for control structure adaptation in presence of varying, unknown sub-system interaction degree. Two elements are introduced: 1) the detection, i.e., the cycle of detecting changing circumstances, planning and deploying responsive modifications and 2) the adaptation of the control architecture to maintain specified performance, fulfilled in absence of model information. The first hand results presented in this work indicate the method works well. Simulation studies support the application potential of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85468880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247577
Waldemar Eisenmenger, J. Mesmer, M. Wenger, Alois Zoitl
Nowadays it is desirable to operate flexible production plants, where products can be produced in various individual designs. As a result, more functionality needs to be integrated into existing control systems, which rapidly increases the complexity of the control applications and brings the programmable logic controllers to their limits. Unfortunately, control applications are hardly reusable for other platforms. Increasing the reusability of control applications is, therefore, an important task, which can be achieved by a strict separation of control logic and hardware configuration. Current standards lack this separation, as there is usually hardware dependent software on the application level. This paper introduces a generic device configuration model, applicable to common standards in the industrial automation domain. With this model, it is shown how to control applications can specify generic I/O requirements which are then linked to the specific I/Os during the final deployment of the specific control devices.
{"title":"Increasing control application reusability through generic device configuration model","authors":"Waldemar Eisenmenger, J. Mesmer, M. Wenger, Alois Zoitl","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247577","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays it is desirable to operate flexible production plants, where products can be produced in various individual designs. As a result, more functionality needs to be integrated into existing control systems, which rapidly increases the complexity of the control applications and brings the programmable logic controllers to their limits. Unfortunately, control applications are hardly reusable for other platforms. Increasing the reusability of control applications is, therefore, an important task, which can be achieved by a strict separation of control logic and hardware configuration. Current standards lack this separation, as there is usually hardware dependent software on the application level. This paper introduces a generic device configuration model, applicable to common standards in the industrial automation domain. With this model, it is shown how to control applications can specify generic I/O requirements which are then linked to the specific I/Os during the final deployment of the specific control devices.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83755581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247646
Maximilian Wagner, P. Heß, S. Reitelshöfer, J. Franke
The cooperation of several industrial robots can improve processes or even makes new processes possible. In the scope of this work, the effect of the cooperation on the reachable workspace is investigated. Thus, the approach of reachability maps is extended to cooperative processing by simultaneously moving the tool and the workpiece. This allows a general statement about the improvement of the workpiece related reachability due to the simultaneous movement of tool and workpiece. A dual arm robot setup is used for implementation and the cooperative movement is compared to single arm movement by generating reachability maps for each case. In doing so, it is also presented how the integration of a collision detection improves the representativeness of the reachability maps.
{"title":"Reachability analysis for cooperative processing with industrial robots","authors":"Maximilian Wagner, P. Heß, S. Reitelshöfer, J. Franke","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247646","url":null,"abstract":"The cooperation of several industrial robots can improve processes or even makes new processes possible. In the scope of this work, the effect of the cooperation on the reachable workspace is investigated. Thus, the approach of reachability maps is extended to cooperative processing by simultaneously moving the tool and the workpiece. This allows a general statement about the improvement of the workpiece related reachability due to the simultaneous movement of tool and workpiece. A dual arm robot setup is used for implementation and the cooperative movement is compared to single arm movement by generating reachability maps for each case. In doing so, it is also presented how the integration of a collision detection improves the representativeness of the reachability maps.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84040782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247732
Hector J. Rivera-Verduzco, R. J. Bril
Fixed-priority scheduling with preemption thresholds (FPTS) is supported by the AUTOSAR and OSEK standards as a scheduling policy. Since FPTS is a generalization of fixed-priority preemptive scheduling (FPPS) and fixed-priority nonpreemptive scheduling (FPNS), it aims to improve schedulability. In this paper, we prove, as an intermediate step towards the exact best-case response time analysis for FPTS, that the best-case computation time of a non-preemptive task scheduled under FPTS or FPNS is a tight lower bound for its response time. In addition, we illustrate by means of an example that the best-case response time analysis for FPTS is most likely not a straight forward extension of the current best-case analysis for FPPS.
{"title":"Towards best-case response times of real-time tasks under fixed-priority scheduling with preemption thresholds","authors":"Hector J. Rivera-Verduzco, R. J. Bril","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247732","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed-priority scheduling with preemption thresholds (FPTS) is supported by the AUTOSAR and OSEK standards as a scheduling policy. Since FPTS is a generalization of fixed-priority preemptive scheduling (FPPS) and fixed-priority nonpreemptive scheduling (FPNS), it aims to improve schedulability. In this paper, we prove, as an intermediate step towards the exact best-case response time analysis for FPTS, that the best-case computation time of a non-preemptive task scheduled under FPTS or FPNS is a tight lower bound for its response time. In addition, we illustrate by means of an example that the best-case response time analysis for FPTS is most likely not a straight forward extension of the current best-case analysis for FPPS.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"101 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82495545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247737
Artur Ataide, J. Barros, I. Brito, L. Gomes
Embedded controllers are often the basis for cyberphysical systems and offer a pervasive support for the Internet of Things. When those controllers are made of several communicating devices we talk about distributed embedded controllers. The IOPT-Tools is a free cloud-based framework for model-driven development of controllers. From a single graphical model, the tool already generates code to be run in several controllers. Yet, the communication layer to support inter-device communication needs to be manually written and tailored. This paper presents a first prototype of a tool that automatically adds a communication layer to the code generated by IOPT-Tools, using the I2C-bus specification. This allows automatic code generation for globally asynchronous and locally synchronous systems (GALS) supported by Arduino boards. A proof of concept example is presented.
{"title":"Towards automatic code generation for distributed cyber-physical systems: A first prototype for Arduino boards","authors":"Artur Ataide, J. Barros, I. Brito, L. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247737","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded controllers are often the basis for cyberphysical systems and offer a pervasive support for the Internet of Things. When those controllers are made of several communicating devices we talk about distributed embedded controllers. The IOPT-Tools is a free cloud-based framework for model-driven development of controllers. From a single graphical model, the tool already generates code to be run in several controllers. Yet, the communication layer to support inter-device communication needs to be manually written and tailored. This paper presents a first prototype of a tool that automatically adds a communication layer to the code generated by IOPT-Tools, using the I2C-bus specification. This allows automatic code generation for globally asynchronous and locally synchronous systems (GALS) supported by Arduino boards. A proof of concept example is presented.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89435434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247725
Wilhelm Nüßer, Eckhard Koch, H. Trsek, R. Schumann, D. Mahrenholz
Classical Information Technology (IT) systems and Operational Technology (OT) are quickly converging technically. Furthermore, the upcoming digitalization, the corresponding information transparancy and the increased number of networked systems poses new challenges on the security of industrial production systems. In order to perform an analysis of the current security situation of manufacturing companies in Germany, an empirical survey has been conducted with companies of different sizes ranging from small and medium-sized enterprises to large enterprises of the DAX-30. The companies are mainly from the area of discrete manufacturing. The survey has been performed either by individual interviews or by an online questionnaire. The main analysis results as well as other findings and conclusions are presented in this work.
{"title":"Cyber security in production networks — An empirical study about the current status","authors":"Wilhelm Nüßer, Eckhard Koch, H. Trsek, R. Schumann, D. Mahrenholz","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247725","url":null,"abstract":"Classical Information Technology (IT) systems and Operational Technology (OT) are quickly converging technically. Furthermore, the upcoming digitalization, the corresponding information transparancy and the increased number of networked systems poses new challenges on the security of industrial production systems. In order to perform an analysis of the current security situation of manufacturing companies in Germany, an empirical survey has been conducted with companies of different sizes ranging from small and medium-sized enterprises to large enterprises of the DAX-30. The companies are mainly from the area of discrete manufacturing. The survey has been performed either by individual interviews or by an online questionnaire. The main analysis results as well as other findings and conclusions are presented in this work.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89477123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247590
W. Saab, Maaz M. Mohiuddin, S. Bliudze, J. Boudec
Real-time control systems (RTCSs) tolerate delay and crash faults by replicating the controller. Each replica computes and issues setpoints to actuators over a network that might drop or delay messages. Hence, the actuators might receive an inconsistent set of setpoints. Such inconsistency is avoided either by having a single primary replica compute and issue setpoints (in passive replication) or a consensus algorithm select one sending-replica (in active replication). However, due to the impossibility of a perfect failure-detector, passive-replication schemes can have multiple primaries, causing inconsistency, especially in the presence of intermittent delay faults. Furthermore, the impossibility of bounded-latency consensus causes both schemes to have poor real-time performance. We identified three properties of RTCSs that enable active-replication schemes to agree on the measurements before computing, instead of using traditional consensus. As all computing replicas compute with the same state, the resulting setpoints are guaranteed to be consistent. We present the design of Quarts, an agreement solution for active replication that guarantees consistency and bounded latency-overhead. We prove the guarantees and compare the performance of Quarts with existing solutions through simulation. We show that Quarts provides an availability higher than existing solutions, and that the availability improvement is up to 10x with two replicas.
{"title":"Quarts: Quick agreement for real-time control systems","authors":"W. Saab, Maaz M. Mohiuddin, S. Bliudze, J. Boudec","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247590","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time control systems (RTCSs) tolerate delay and crash faults by replicating the controller. Each replica computes and issues setpoints to actuators over a network that might drop or delay messages. Hence, the actuators might receive an inconsistent set of setpoints. Such inconsistency is avoided either by having a single primary replica compute and issue setpoints (in passive replication) or a consensus algorithm select one sending-replica (in active replication). However, due to the impossibility of a perfect failure-detector, passive-replication schemes can have multiple primaries, causing inconsistency, especially in the presence of intermittent delay faults. Furthermore, the impossibility of bounded-latency consensus causes both schemes to have poor real-time performance. We identified three properties of RTCSs that enable active-replication schemes to agree on the measurements before computing, instead of using traditional consensus. As all computing replicas compute with the same state, the resulting setpoints are guaranteed to be consistent. We present the design of Quarts, an agreement solution for active replication that guarantees consistency and bounded latency-overhead. We prove the guarantees and compare the performance of Quarts with existing solutions through simulation. We show that Quarts provides an availability higher than existing solutions, and that the availability improvement is up to 10x with two replicas.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87924129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247618
M. Åstrand, K. Saarinen, Shiva Sander-Tavallaey
Ventilation is vital for the production in an underground mine. Therefore, it is important to have efficient and accurate design tools in order to ensure and optimize the airflows in the mine. There are several commercial software for airflow simulation based on first principles. However, the computational cost of simulation together with integrational obstacles when connecting simulation to control strategies limits the benefit of these tools. In this paper an approach utilizing surrogate models as a complementary design tool is presented. It is shown that using surrogate models one can with rather low computational expense evaluate and benchmark different control strategies. It is also shown that the models can be used for identifying possible bottlenecks in the system in advance. Moreover, the use of surrogate models transfer the simulation into a development-friendly environment (such as Matlab). A test case is used based on a real underground mine ventilation design. Two types of surrogate models are fitted to process data; multiple least squares regression and a Gaussian process model. Sensitivity analysis on the surrogate shows the potential of using surrogate models for identifying bottlenecks. Furthermore, the surrogate is used to benchmark two different control strategies for mine ventilation.
{"title":"Surrogate models for design and study of underground mine ventilation","authors":"M. Åstrand, K. Saarinen, Shiva Sander-Tavallaey","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247618","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilation is vital for the production in an underground mine. Therefore, it is important to have efficient and accurate design tools in order to ensure and optimize the airflows in the mine. There are several commercial software for airflow simulation based on first principles. However, the computational cost of simulation together with integrational obstacles when connecting simulation to control strategies limits the benefit of these tools. In this paper an approach utilizing surrogate models as a complementary design tool is presented. It is shown that using surrogate models one can with rather low computational expense evaluate and benchmark different control strategies. It is also shown that the models can be used for identifying possible bottlenecks in the system in advance. Moreover, the use of surrogate models transfer the simulation into a development-friendly environment (such as Matlab). A test case is used based on a real underground mine ventilation design. Two types of surrogate models are fitted to process data; multiple least squares regression and a Gaussian process model. Sensitivity analysis on the surrogate shows the potential of using surrogate models for identifying bottlenecks. Furthermore, the surrogate is used to benchmark two different control strategies for mine ventilation.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1996 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88155466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247686
A. Ożadowicz, Jakub Grela
Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) and Technical Building Management (TBM) provide effective control and monitoring functions of heating, ventilating, cooling, hot water and lighting appliances etc., improving comfort as well as energy efficiency. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact of the BACS and TBM on the energy efficiency of university classroom. The BACS and TBM functions in test university classroom has been organised and implemented according to the BACS and TBM efficiency classes introduced and defined in the EN 15232 standard. The study presented in the paper puts into evidence that the building automation system with higher BACS efficiency class has improved the energy efficiency. However, in respect to the BACS efficiency factors from the EN 15232, there are discrepancies discussed by authors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine these factors in a real infrastructure of an university building.
{"title":"Impact of building automation control systems on energy efficiency — University building case study","authors":"A. Ożadowicz, Jakub Grela","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247686","url":null,"abstract":"Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) and Technical Building Management (TBM) provide effective control and monitoring functions of heating, ventilating, cooling, hot water and lighting appliances etc., improving comfort as well as energy efficiency. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact of the BACS and TBM on the energy efficiency of university classroom. The BACS and TBM functions in test university classroom has been organised and implemented according to the BACS and TBM efficiency classes introduced and defined in the EN 15232 standard. The study presented in the paper puts into evidence that the building automation system with higher BACS efficiency class has improved the energy efficiency. However, in respect to the BACS efficiency factors from the EN 15232, there are discrepancies discussed by authors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine these factors in a real infrastructure of an university building.","PeriodicalId":6522,"journal":{"name":"2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87521922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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