Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893084
A. Khrapak, S. Khrapak
The quantized energy spectra of the oscillating spherical voids in solids and liquids are calculated within the continuum matter model. It is suggested that the ground state of the oscillating void corresponds to the vacancy in real crystals or nanobubble in liquids. The dependence of the oscillating void formation energy on the density, surface tension, pressure and shear modulus is determined. The obtained results are used to estimate properties of vacancies in solid Ar and nanobubbles in liquid Ar. The possibility to use the obtain results for the development of the vacancy or hole theory of melting is discussed.
{"title":"Energy spectrum of vacancies and nanobubbles in condense matter: Crystal melting","authors":"A. Khrapak, S. Khrapak","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893084","url":null,"abstract":"The quantized energy spectra of the oscillating spherical voids in solids and liquids are calculated within the continuum matter model. It is suggested that the ground state of the oscillating void corresponds to the vacancy in real crystals or nanobubble in liquids. The dependence of the oscillating void formation energy on the density, surface tension, pressure and shear modulus is determined. The obtained results are used to estimate properties of vacancies in solid Ar and nanobubbles in liquid Ar. The possibility to use the obtain results for the development of the vacancy or hole theory of melting is discussed.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73118340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893140
L. Arvidsson, Jan-Petter Haugli, Egil Ravnemyhr, Bjørn Tandstad
It has long been the accepted opinion that it is the DBDS additive that causes the majority of failures in modern transformers manufactured up to 2007 when the use of this antioxidant was discontinued by most of the oil manufacturers that had chosen to use DBDS. Since long, whenever a failure occurs and the Covered Conductor Deposition test (CCD) comes out positive, DBDS is blamed. However, this enormous simplification of reality has not been accepted by all. Independent research has been carried out for the purpose of giving a less prejudice picture of the situation. With this research results, in conjunction with the in-depth failure analysis of one transformer that presented all the signs which characterize a corrosive sulfur it has become clear that corrosive sulfur failure depending on DBDS and other sulfur based additives may well be a myth. The same research also strongly indicate that Irgamet® 39 cannot possibly be a copper passivator and this is exemplified by purely logical reasoning. This paper also briefly discuss stereochemical and as far as literature searches performed by the authors never before mentioned aspect regarding why lrgamet® 39 will never function. Irgamet® 39 was used to attempt to mitigate the corrosive sulphur effect by DBDS in this transformer which failed. Stereo-chemistry, molecule reactivity and literature searches has instead shown DBDS to be a passivator in the true sense or the word.
{"title":"A Reason for “Corrosive Sulfur” Failures","authors":"L. Arvidsson, Jan-Petter Haugli, Egil Ravnemyhr, Bjørn Tandstad","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893140","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been the accepted opinion that it is the DBDS additive that causes the majority of failures in modern transformers manufactured up to 2007 when the use of this antioxidant was discontinued by most of the oil manufacturers that had chosen to use DBDS. Since long, whenever a failure occurs and the Covered Conductor Deposition test (CCD) comes out positive, DBDS is blamed. However, this enormous simplification of reality has not been accepted by all. Independent research has been carried out for the purpose of giving a less prejudice picture of the situation. With this research results, in conjunction with the in-depth failure analysis of one transformer that presented all the signs which characterize a corrosive sulfur it has become clear that corrosive sulfur failure depending on DBDS and other sulfur based additives may well be a myth. The same research also strongly indicate that Irgamet® 39 cannot possibly be a copper passivator and this is exemplified by purely logical reasoning. This paper also briefly discuss stereochemical and as far as literature searches performed by the authors never before mentioned aspect regarding why lrgamet® 39 will never function. Irgamet® 39 was used to attempt to mitigate the corrosive sulphur effect by DBDS in this transformer which failed. Stereo-chemistry, molecule reactivity and literature searches has instead shown DBDS to be a passivator in the true sense or the word.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893109
K. Shima, M. Tsuchie, M. Kozako, M. Hikita, Y. Gosho
In oil-immersed transformers, static electrification phenomenon is caused by insulating oil flowing on solid insulator such as pressboard (PB). In Japan, as a countermeasure, 1, 2, 3-benzotriazol (BTA) is used to suppress static electrification. But, recent years, it has been reported that static electrification phenomenon increases with aging owing to oxidation of insulating oil, operation history of transformers with overhaul, and so on [1]. This paper deals with the verification of BTA effect on the increase of electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) due to aging, and evaluation for the influence of air exposure on static electrification during overhaul using the aging oil from 500 kV transformer by performing overhaul process according to actual operation and accelerated aging test.
{"title":"Study on influence of oxidation on static electrification in transformer oil","authors":"K. Shima, M. Tsuchie, M. Kozako, M. Hikita, Y. Gosho","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893109","url":null,"abstract":"In oil-immersed transformers, static electrification phenomenon is caused by insulating oil flowing on solid insulator such as pressboard (PB). In Japan, as a countermeasure, 1, 2, 3-benzotriazol (BTA) is used to suppress static electrification. But, recent years, it has been reported that static electrification phenomenon increases with aging owing to oxidation of insulating oil, operation history of transformers with overhaul, and so on [1]. This paper deals with the verification of BTA effect on the increase of electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) due to aging, and evaluation for the influence of air exposure on static electrification during overhaul using the aging oil from 500 kV transformer by performing overhaul process according to actual operation and accelerated aging test.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81935903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893134
F. Vahidi, S. Tenbohlen, M. Rosner, C. Perrier, H. Fink
The occurrence of space charges has to be understood, in order to study the field distortion which is due to space charges. Hence, the investigation of space charge behavior and its origin in insulating liquids is necessary for design of optimal insulation system. It is important to know about the type of charge carriers present in insulating gap. Applying different DC stresses with various polarities can be helpful to determine the thickness of space charge regions near the electrodes and consequently, to achieve knowledge of space charge distribution both in insulating liquid and along the electrode surfaces. If an electrostatic field is applied onto the insulation between two electrodes, the charge carriers will begin to move towards the electrodes and neutralize themselves on metal electrodes. To determine the velocity of charge carriers during the measurements, a polarity reversal test is recommended which can be performed after long-duration conductivity measurements. In this investigation, the polarization current is measured using a plate-shaped test cell with stainless steel electrodes which allows a variation of gap between 1 to 5mm. In this case, the measurement set-up is based on low level current measurement with high sensitive ammeters because the current flowing through an insulation system is some pA's only. Finally, all these input parameters are used to describe the physical phenomena which occur during the conduction process.
{"title":"Space charge formation in insulating liquids under DC stresses","authors":"F. Vahidi, S. Tenbohlen, M. Rosner, C. Perrier, H. Fink","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893134","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of space charges has to be understood, in order to study the field distortion which is due to space charges. Hence, the investigation of space charge behavior and its origin in insulating liquids is necessary for design of optimal insulation system. It is important to know about the type of charge carriers present in insulating gap. Applying different DC stresses with various polarities can be helpful to determine the thickness of space charge regions near the electrodes and consequently, to achieve knowledge of space charge distribution both in insulating liquid and along the electrode surfaces. If an electrostatic field is applied onto the insulation between two electrodes, the charge carriers will begin to move towards the electrodes and neutralize themselves on metal electrodes. To determine the velocity of charge carriers during the measurements, a polarity reversal test is recommended which can be performed after long-duration conductivity measurements. In this investigation, the polarization current is measured using a plate-shaped test cell with stainless steel electrodes which allows a variation of gap between 1 to 5mm. In this case, the measurement set-up is based on low level current measurement with high sensitive ammeters because the current flowing through an insulation system is some pA's only. Finally, all these input parameters are used to describe the physical phenomena which occur during the conduction process.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82285004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893135
Kumar A. Ravi, A. Akshatha, J.Sundara Rajan
Progressive formation and migration of copper sulphide in paper oil insulation has been studied using Frequency domain spectroscopy and real/imaginary part of complex permittivity. Two specimen configurations namely pigtail sample and laboratory model transformer have been used for understanding the performance of paper oil insulation under conditions of copper corrosion. It is observed that both FDS and permittivity variations with frequency can be used for understanding the progressive migration of copper sulphide.
{"title":"A new approach to monitor copper sulphide migration in paper oil insulation of transformers","authors":"Kumar A. Ravi, A. Akshatha, J.Sundara Rajan","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893135","url":null,"abstract":"Progressive formation and migration of copper sulphide in paper oil insulation has been studied using Frequency domain spectroscopy and real/imaginary part of complex permittivity. Two specimen configurations namely pigtail sample and laboratory model transformer have been used for understanding the performance of paper oil insulation under conditions of copper corrosion. It is observed that both FDS and permittivity variations with frequency can be used for understanding the progressive migration of copper sulphide.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893097
R. Polanský, P. Prosr, J. Pihera
Determination of the thermal endurance of transformer oil Nynas Lyra X was studied. The oil was exposed to thermal treatment at temperatures of 110, 120 and 130 °C for times ranging from 100 to 2400 hours. New methods for determination of material's thermal endurance were searched. Attention was drawn to the group of structural analyses from which two methods were selected: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dissipation factor was also measured according to standard EN 60247 as a comparison test and for a determination of end-point criteria of all newly monitored observables. Infrared spectral band of low temperature inhibitor and the temperature of the first thermo-oxidative DSC peak were used for further evaluation. It has been shown that the both analysed observables are continuously changing along applied thermal treatment and hence meet essential requirements of IEC 60216 standards. End-point criteria of analysed observables were determined and Arrhenius diagrams were subsequently plotted. The proposed observables, as determined via structural analyses, provide promising alternatives to dissipation factor measurement.
{"title":"Determination of the thermal endurance of transformer oil by structural analyses","authors":"R. Polanský, P. Prosr, J. Pihera","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893097","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the thermal endurance of transformer oil Nynas Lyra X was studied. The oil was exposed to thermal treatment at temperatures of 110, 120 and 130 °C for times ranging from 100 to 2400 hours. New methods for determination of material's thermal endurance were searched. Attention was drawn to the group of structural analyses from which two methods were selected: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dissipation factor was also measured according to standard EN 60247 as a comparison test and for a determination of end-point criteria of all newly monitored observables. Infrared spectral band of low temperature inhibitor and the temperature of the first thermo-oxidative DSC peak were used for further evaluation. It has been shown that the both analysed observables are continuously changing along applied thermal treatment and hence meet essential requirements of IEC 60216 standards. End-point criteria of analysed observables were determined and Arrhenius diagrams were subsequently plotted. The proposed observables, as determined via structural analyses, provide promising alternatives to dissipation factor measurement.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"97 2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72678348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893131
J. Hao, Haibin Liu, Gaolin Wu, Qian Wang, Jin Fu, Q. Yao
The insulation paper wrapped copper winding is immersed in insulation oil to provide insulation in power transformer. The copper corrosion/dissolution in oil-paper insulation system has been attracted great attention. However, not enough data have been obtained about the copper products influence on physicochemical and electrical properties of oil in the process of oil-paper insulation ageing. In this paper, the thermal ageing experiment of four combinations of oil-paper insulation samples which were consisted of Karamay 25# naphthenic oil, Karamay 25# paraffinic oil, Kraft paper wrapped with and without copper strip at 110°C and 130°C was conducted. The oil acidity, viscosity, breakdown voltage and ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopy of the insulation oils with different ageing condition were analyzed. Results show that the oil acidity increases with oil ageing. The viscosity and breakdown voltage of different oils shows fluctuation in the ageing process. The oil aged with copper has higher oil acidity than that without copper, especially in the later period of ageing. The oils aged with copper have higher UV absorption peak values. The relationship between oil acidity and the UV absorption peak for oils aged with copper is different from that aged without copper.
{"title":"Copper influence on the ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and property of oil in the ageing process of oil-paper insulation","authors":"J. Hao, Haibin Liu, Gaolin Wu, Qian Wang, Jin Fu, Q. Yao","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893131","url":null,"abstract":"The insulation paper wrapped copper winding is immersed in insulation oil to provide insulation in power transformer. The copper corrosion/dissolution in oil-paper insulation system has been attracted great attention. However, not enough data have been obtained about the copper products influence on physicochemical and electrical properties of oil in the process of oil-paper insulation ageing. In this paper, the thermal ageing experiment of four combinations of oil-paper insulation samples which were consisted of Karamay 25# naphthenic oil, Karamay 25# paraffinic oil, Kraft paper wrapped with and without copper strip at 110°C and 130°C was conducted. The oil acidity, viscosity, breakdown voltage and ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopy of the insulation oils with different ageing condition were analyzed. Results show that the oil acidity increases with oil ageing. The viscosity and breakdown voltage of different oils shows fluctuation in the ageing process. The oil aged with copper has higher oil acidity than that without copper, especially in the later period of ageing. The oils aged with copper have higher UV absorption peak values. The relationship between oil acidity and the UV absorption peak for oils aged with copper is different from that aged without copper.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77188908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893116
G. Peppas, Panagiotis Koulis, P. Svarnas, E. Pyrgioti
Dielectric insulation liquids are employed in a diversity of high voltage equipment due to their unique properties. Especially, natural ester oils exhibit high bio-degrability, non-toxicity and fire resistant properties, just to refer a few, making them a promising alternate of mineral oil dielectrics. Hereby, an effort for better understanding of breakdown phenomena in natural ester oils is attempted. In-situ electrical and optical emission signals are recorded during oil stressing by impulse high voltage (standard switching waveform). Point-to-plane electrode configuration is used, with constructive features imposed by the IEC 60897 Standard for non-homogenous field production. Two gap distances are examined i.e. 1 cm and 2 cm. We specially focus on the pre-breakdown phenomena which are well distinguished from the optical emission signals in the wider gap separation.
{"title":"Electrical and optical-emission parallel study of natural ester liquids stressed by impulse high voltage","authors":"G. Peppas, Panagiotis Koulis, P. Svarnas, E. Pyrgioti","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893116","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric insulation liquids are employed in a diversity of high voltage equipment due to their unique properties. Especially, natural ester oils exhibit high bio-degrability, non-toxicity and fire resistant properties, just to refer a few, making them a promising alternate of mineral oil dielectrics. Hereby, an effort for better understanding of breakdown phenomena in natural ester oils is attempted. In-situ electrical and optical emission signals are recorded during oil stressing by impulse high voltage (standard switching waveform). Point-to-plane electrode configuration is used, with constructive features imposed by the IEC 60897 Standard for non-homogenous field production. Two gap distances are examined i.e. 1 cm and 2 cm. We specially focus on the pre-breakdown phenomena which are well distinguished from the optical emission signals in the wider gap separation.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88881186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893105
V. Madhurima, Oruganti Sravya, A. Tumuluri, K. Raju
While dielectric spectroscopy is useful in understanding weak molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds in biological systems, the large number of interactions and the mean field data obtained lead to ambiguities in interpretation of the results. The study of weak interactions in small molecule prototypes is one way to reduce this problem. The fact that weak molecular interactions are short-ranged, and hence they depend mainly on the bonding atoms and not on the whole molecule is the philosophy of this method. In this paper, we present the results of dielectric studies of three liquids namely diethylamine, ethanolamine and propan-1-ol. These three liquids are easily available off the shelf. Binary systems of diethylamine (C4H11N)/ethanolamine (C2H7NO), diethylamine/propan-1-ol (C3H9O) and ethnolamine/propan-1-ol were prepared over the entire concentration region in steps of 10% concentration variation. Dielectric studies from 0.4 GHz Hz to 20 GHz using the coaxial probe technique. An Agilent PNA E 8361C was used for this purpose.
虽然介电光谱在理解生物系统中的弱分子相互作用(如氢键)方面是有用的，但大量的相互作用和获得的平均场数据导致了结果解释的模糊性。研究小分子原型中的弱相互作用是减少这一问题的一种方法。事实上，弱分子相互作用是短距离的，因此它们主要依赖于成键原子，而不是整个分子，这就是这种方法的原理。本文介绍了二乙胺、乙醇胺和丙烯-1-醇三种液体的介电特性研究结果。这三种液体很容易在货架上买到。以10%的浓度变化为步骤，在整个浓度区域内制备了二乙胺(C4H11N)/乙醇胺(C2H7NO)、二乙胺/丙烯-1-醇(c3h90o)和乙胺/丙烯-1-醇二元体系。使用同轴探针技术研究介电频率从0.4 GHz到20 GHz。为此使用了安捷伦PNA E 8361C。
{"title":"Dielectric spectroscopy of binary liquid systems as prototypes for interactions in Biological systems","authors":"V. Madhurima, Oruganti Sravya, A. Tumuluri, K. Raju","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893105","url":null,"abstract":"While dielectric spectroscopy is useful in understanding weak molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds in biological systems, the large number of interactions and the mean field data obtained lead to ambiguities in interpretation of the results. The study of weak interactions in small molecule prototypes is one way to reduce this problem. The fact that weak molecular interactions are short-ranged, and hence they depend mainly on the bonding atoms and not on the whole molecule is the philosophy of this method. In this paper, we present the results of dielectric studies of three liquids namely diethylamine, ethanolamine and propan-1-ol. These three liquids are easily available off the shelf. Binary systems of diethylamine (C4H11N)/ethanolamine (C2H7NO), diethylamine/propan-1-ol (C3H9O) and ethnolamine/propan-1-ol were prepared over the entire concentration region in steps of 10% concentration variation. Dielectric studies from 0.4 GHz Hz to 20 GHz using the coaxial probe technique. An Agilent PNA E 8361C was used for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87177825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-08DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893070
A. Borghesani
Measurements of resonant electron attachment to O2 impurities in dense Ne gas at moderately low temperature T=80 K are here reported. The density-normalized attachment frequency shows a peak at a specific density. The present data are compared to previous results obtained in dense He gas at similar temperatures. Similarly to the He case, the present data are explained by assuming that the dense environment affects the energetics of the quasi-free electrons.
{"title":"Resonant electron attachment to oxygen impurities in dense Neon gas","authors":"A. Borghesani","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893070","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of resonant electron attachment to O2 impurities in dense Ne gas at moderately low temperature T=80 K are here reported. The density-normalized attachment frequency shows a peak at a specific density. The present data are compared to previous results obtained in dense He gas at similar temperatures. Similarly to the He case, the present data are explained by assuming that the dense environment affects the energetics of the quasi-free electrons.","PeriodicalId":6523,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85733292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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