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2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)最新文献

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Comparison of streamers characteristics in jatropha curcas methyl ester oil and mineral oil under lightning impulse voltage 麻疯树甲酯油与矿物油在雷击电压下的飘带特性比较
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893090
H. B. H. Sitorus, A. Beroual, R. Setiabudy, S. Bismo
Due to their high biodegradability, non-toxicity and fire safety guarantee, vegetable-based oils are considered today as a potential substitute for mineral and synthetic liquids for electrical insulation and especially in high voltage power transformers. However, most of known vegetable oils are derived from food materials (rape-seeds, sunflower, soybeans, palms, corns and others). And one has to be vigilant to the fact that the replacement of mineral oil by natural ester fluids based on “renewably sourced” vegetable oils, does not create new problems as this could cause global food crisis due to diversion of food into insulating material oils or others (fuel). An interesting product can be jatropha curcas oil extracted from the fruits of jatropha curcas plants (“miracle tree”) which is non-food crops. These plants can be grown on marginal or degraded soils (thus avoiding the need to utilize those more fertile soils currently being used by smallholders to grow their staple crops); and it will readily grow in areas where annual rainfall levels are significantly lower than those required by other species such as rape-seeds, sunflower, palm, soybeans, corns and others. This paper presents an experimental study of streamers phenomena in jatropha curcas methyl ester oil (JMEO) and mineral oil (MO) under positive and negative lightning impulse voltages (1.2/50 μs). It is shown that basing on the shape and stopping length of streamers, JMEO could constitute a potential substitute for mineral and synthetic oils for electrical insulation and especially in high voltage power transformers.
由于植物油具有高可生物降解性,无毒性和防火安全保证,因此被认为是当今电气绝缘,特别是高压电力变压器中矿物和合成液体的潜在替代品。然而,大多数已知的植物油是从食品原料(油菜籽、向日葵、大豆、棕榈树、玉米等)中提取的。人们必须警惕这样一个事实,即以“可再生来源”植物油为基础的天然酯流体取代矿物油,并不会产生新的问题,因为这可能会导致全球粮食危机,因为食物被转移到绝缘材料油或其他(燃料)中。一种有趣的产品是从麻疯树植物(“奇迹树”)的果实中提取的麻疯树油,这是一种非粮食作物。这些植物可以在边缘或退化的土壤上种植(从而避免需要利用小农目前用来种植主要作物的较肥沃的土壤);而且它很容易生长在年降雨量明显低于其他物种(如油菜、向日葵、棕榈、大豆、玉米等)所需降雨量的地区。本文研究了麻疯树甲酯油(JMEO)和矿物油(MO)在正、负雷击电压(1.2/50 μs)下的流光现象。根据拖缆的形状和停止长度,JMEO可以作为矿物油和合成油的潜在替代品,用于电气绝缘,特别是在高压电力变压器中。
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引用次数: 13
Study of charge injection phenomenon at the metal/insulating liquid interfaces 金属/绝缘液体界面电荷注入现象的研究
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893139
A. Beldjilali, Z. Laimeche, Amroun N. Saidi, H. Moulai, M. Saidi
The goal of this paper is to study the transport phenomena occurring in mineral oils used as power transformers insulation. The main issue is to understand and predict the insulation behavior under different operating conditions. It is known that conduction phenomenon is explained through ionic carriers provided by dissociation phenomenon in the bulk of the insulating liquid when it is submitted to high voltage, but the problem is more complex at the metal/insulating liquid interfaces. For example, formation of the multilayer regions of space charge near the electrodes affects strongly the transport phenomenon, charge carriers injection from the metal into the dielectric liquid may be also possible. Using the isothermal charging currents measurements, the aim of the work is to study different metal/insulating liquid interfaces. We have associated various kinds of metallic electrodes (stainless steel, aluminium and brass) with the Borak22 mineral oil. The metal/liquid/metal structures were submitted to a DC voltage and the electrical charging current was measured with high sensitive electrometer. The results show clearly the effect of the barrier injection high for the three interfaces under high or low applied electric fields. Under high ones, this means that in spite of the formation of the Helmholtz and the diffusive layers, the injection phenomenon still exists but measurements under low applied fields allow announcing that charge carriers are injected at metal/insulating liquid interface according to the schottky low, so the electronic conduction remain possible.
本文的目的是研究电力变压器绝缘用矿物油中的输运现象。主要问题是了解和预测在不同工作条件下的绝缘性能。已知导电现象是通过绝缘液体在高压作用下的大块解离现象所提供的离子载体来解释的,但在金属/绝缘液体界面处问题更为复杂。例如,在电极附近空间电荷的多层区域的形成强烈地影响着输运现象,载流子也可能从金属注入到介电液体中。利用等温充电电流测量,研究了不同的金属/绝缘液体界面。我们已经将各种金属电极(不锈钢,铝和黄铜)与Borak22矿物油相关联。将金属/液体/金属结构置于直流电压下,用高灵敏度静电计测量充电电流。结果清楚地表明,在高或低外加电场作用下,势垒注入高对三个界面的影响。在高场下,这意味着尽管形成了亥姆霍兹层和扩散层,但注入现象仍然存在,但在低场下的测量允许宣布,根据肖特基低,载流子被注入金属/绝缘液体界面,因此电子传导仍然是可能的。
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引用次数: 4
Absorption of water in silicon gel 在硅胶中吸收水分
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893159
C. Lesaint, Celine Babault, K. Liland, L. Lundgaard
Water is an important enemy of an electric insulation system. Water vapour can be absorbed by electrical insulation materials (liquids or solid) and migrate in between the materials to achieve the same relative humidity equilibrium everywhere. Water can reduce withstand voltage of the insulation liquid, initiate partial discharges in wet solids and increase dielectric losses in solids like epoxies, gels, PCB cards and produce dielectric heating. In insulation liquid filled system the water content of the liquid should never be allowed to reach saturation. One failure scenario is when typical oil with significant water content is cooled to a temperature where the water content is above the saturation content, and then water will precipitate and may condensate at cold insulating gaps and give breakdown due to electric field enhancement. Gel samples were investigated in climate chambers in various conditions of humidity and temperature until an equilibrium was reached. Diffusion and absorption of water were measured at different intervals. The aim of the study was to find an appropriate technique/methodology to follow the absorption of moisture in gel as a function of time. Several techniques were tested to determine the moisture content in the gel such as Karl Fischer, weight differences measurement, freeze drying and capacitive relative humidity sensors giving contrasted results. The weight difference method showed “anomaly” indicating bound water, even after equilibrium (measured with the other methods) was reached the weight continued to increase. The use of humidity sensors covered by gel appears to be the most reliable technique.
水是电绝缘系统的一个重要敌人。水蒸气可以被电绝缘材料(液体或固体)吸收,并在材料之间迁移,以达到各处相同的相对湿度平衡。水可以降低绝缘液的耐压,引起湿固体中的局部放电,增加环氧树脂、凝胶、PCB卡等固体中的介电损耗,并产生介电加热。在绝缘充液系统中,不应使液体的含水量达到饱和。一种失效情况是,当含水较大的典型油被冷却到含水量高于饱和含量的温度时,水会沉淀,并可能在冷绝缘间隙处凝结,并由于电场增强而发生击穿。凝胶样品在各种湿度和温度条件下在气候室中进行研究,直到达到平衡。在不同的时间间隔测量水的扩散和吸收。本研究的目的是找到一种合适的技术/方法来跟踪凝胶中水分的吸收作为时间的函数。测试了几种技术来确定凝胶中的水分含量,如卡尔费舍尔,重量差测量,冷冻干燥和电容相对湿度传感器给出对比结果。重量差法显示“异常”,表明束缚水,即使达到平衡(用其他方法测量),重量仍在继续增加。使用凝胶覆盖的湿度传感器似乎是最可靠的技术。
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引用次数: 2
Simulation of the electrical conduction of cyclohexane with TiO2 nanoparticles TiO2纳米颗粒对环己烷导电性能的模拟
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893119
M. Aljure, M. Becerra, B. Jonsson
Nanoparticles mixed with transformer oil can potentially increase the breakdown strength of the base liquid. Unfortunately, the basic physical mechanisms leading to such improvement are still not clear. This paper implements two existing theories to model the electrical conduction of cyclohexane with TiO2 nanoparticles in a needle to plane configuration. The generation and drift of carriers in the liquid are simulated by coupling the continuity equations for electrons, positive ions, negative ions, and nanoparticles with Poisson's equation for the electric field. The current-voltage characteristics are simulated and compared with the case of pure cyclohexane. The nanoparticles are modeled as either absorbers of electrons or as source of shallow traps in the fluid, according to the existing theories. The simulations show that the considered theories predict no significant effect of nanoparticles added to cyclohexane on the conduction current from a negative point electrode in steady state or under transient conditions.
与变压器油混合的纳米颗粒可以潜在地提高基液的击穿强度。不幸的是,导致这种改进的基本物理机制仍然不清楚。本文实现了现有的两种理论来模拟环己烷与TiO2纳米颗粒在针平面结构中的导电。通过将电子、正离子、负离子和纳米粒子的连续性方程与电场的泊松方程耦合,模拟了液体中载流子的产生和漂移。模拟了其电流电压特性,并与纯环己烷的情况进行了比较。根据现有的理论,纳米颗粒被建模为电子的吸收剂或流体中浅阱的来源。模拟结果表明,在所考虑的理论中,在稳态或瞬态条件下,纳米颗粒加入环己烷对负点电极的传导电流没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of the influence of boiling point shifting on the breakdown voltage in liquid nitrogen 沸点变化对液氮击穿电压影响的研究
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893117
N. Hill, M. Blaz, M. Kurrat
In this work it is investigated how the shifting of the boiling point of liquid nitrogen influences the discharge voltage in the liquid. The experiments were conducted with ambient pressures of 0.3 MPa at 78.5 K and 0.4 MPa at 81.5 K. Two different electrode settings were used, Rogowski-shaped electrodes for a homogeneous field and a sphere opposite a plane-electrode for an inhomogeneous field. The electrode setup was stressed with lightning impulses at different electrode gaps (2 and 4 mm). Additionally a resistive heater in the bottom electrode generated bubbles on demand in order to investigate the influence of thermally induced bubbles. The measurement results are analyzed by comparing the discharge voltages under consideration of the time to breakdown.
本文研究了液氮沸点的变化对液体放电电压的影响。实验在78.5 K和81.5 K环境压力分别为0.3 MPa和0.4 MPa的条件下进行。使用了两种不同的电极设置,均匀场采用rogowski形电极,非均匀场采用与平面电极相对的球体电极。在不同的电极间隙(2和4mm)处对电极设置施加雷击脉冲。此外,底部电极上的电阻加热器根据需要产生气泡,以研究热诱导气泡的影响。通过比较考虑击穿时间的放电电压,对测量结果进行了分析。
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引用次数: 3
Electro-hydrodynamic spraying of soybean oil 大豆油的电液喷涂
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893072
S. Barringer, D. P. Aykas
Electro-hydrodynamic spraying can be used to produce even coverage of oil onto foods and food surfaces, however soybean oil does not charge well and lecithin is one of the few additives that can be used to decrease resistivity in a food system. Changing lecithin content and temperature affects the resistivity, viscosity and surface tension. These parameters, along with voltage and the calculated weber number, affect the spray quality. Soybean oil was sprayed on oil sensitive paper with 0 to 15% lecithin, at 4 to 47°C, 0 to 40kV, to determine droplet distribution. The number of droplets increased with decreasing resistivity, decreasing viscosity, increasing weber number, intermediate lecithin concentration, increasing temperature, increasing voltage, and had a very weak correlation to surface tension. Voltage had the greatest effect on the number of droplets followed by lecithin content and temperature. Thus, 40 kV, 47°C and 10% lecithin produced the smallest droplets.
电流体动力喷涂可以使油均匀地覆盖在食品和食品表面上,但是大豆油不能很好地充电,卵磷脂是少数几种可以用来降低食品系统电阻率的添加剂之一。改变卵磷脂含量和温度会影响其电阻率、粘度和表面张力。这些参数与电压和计算的韦伯数一起影响喷涂质量。在4 ~ 47℃、0 ~ 40kV条件下,将大豆油喷在卵磷脂含量为0 ~ 15%的油敏纸上,测定液滴分布。液滴数量随电阻率、粘度、韦伯数、中间卵磷脂浓度、温度、电压的升高而增加,与表面张力的相关性很弱。电压对液滴数量的影响最大,其次是卵磷脂含量和温度。因此,在40 kV、47°C和10%卵磷脂条件下产生的液滴最小。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of partial discharge in the oil gap separated by pressboard barrier in oil/pressboard composite insulation system 油/纸板复合绝缘系统中隔油隙局部放电特性
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893106
T. Umemoto, S. Kainaga, H. Muto, T. Tsurimoto, S. Yoshida, M. Kozako, M. Hikita
This paper deals with the characteristics of partial discharge in oil/pressboard composite insulation system, which is adopted in oil-immersed power transformer. In the insulating structure of the transformer, large oil gaps are often subdivided by pressboard barriers into small ones. Once partial discharge occurs at the point where the electric field is enhanced and progresses, the electric field distribution may change from the static one. As a result, there are possibilities that partial discharge successively occurs at the oil gap across pressboard barrier, which might be the trigger of breakdown of the apparatus. In this study, the authors experimentally observed the partial discharge generation across the pressboard barrier in an element model and examined the mechanism of the above phenomenon.
研究了油浸式电力变压器中采用的油/压板复合绝缘系统的局部放电特性。在变压器的绝缘结构中,大的油隙常被压板屏障细分为小的油隙。一旦在电场增强和发展的点发生局部放电,电场分布就会从静态变化。因此,有可能在压板屏障的油隙处连续发生局部放电,这可能是设备击穿的触发因素。在本研究中,作者在单元模型中实验观察了压板屏障局部放电的产生,并探讨了上述现象的机理。
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引用次数: 5
Degradation process of silicone-gel by internal surface discharges 内表面放电降解硅胶的研究
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893095
Masahiro Sato, A. Kumada, K. Hidaka, K. Yamashiro, Y. Hayase, T. Takano
Silicone gel is widely used to encapsulate power electronic circuits. It is well known that surface discharge in the module is one of the weakest points in insulation. These discharges cause the growth of cavity in silicone gel. We have observed the cavity dynamics in order to investigate the degradation process. The results indicated that streamers propagate through the gaseous phase in filamentary channels from the electrode and reaches the tip of the cavity, and leaves charges until the next discharge occurs. Moreover it was revealed that the propagation of the cavity was caused by the positive discharges. The self-healing ability of gel determined whether the propagation succeeds or not.
硅凝胶广泛用于电力电子电路的封装。众所周知,模块中的表面放电是绝缘中最薄弱的环节之一。这些放电引起硅凝胶腔体的生长。为了研究降解过程,我们观察了空腔动力学。结果表明,流光以丝状通道从电极穿过气相传播,到达腔的尖端,并留下电荷,直到下一次放电发生。此外,还揭示了空腔的传播是由正极放电引起的。凝胶的自愈能力决定了繁殖的成功与否。
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引用次数: 13
Enhancement of phenol degradation in aqueous solution by a hollow screw like electrode in gas-liquid DBD 空心螺杆电极增强气液DBD对水溶液中苯酚的降解
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893168
A. Mercado-Cabrera, R. López-Callejas, R. Peña-Eguiluz, R. Valencia-Alvarado, B. Rodríguez-Méndez, A. Munoz-Castro, B. Jaramillo-Sierra, A. de la Piedad-Beneitez
Nonthermal plasma process of dielectric barrier discharge was successfully applied to experimental phenol degradation in a synthetic waste water aqueous solution. A typical coaxial reactor was disposed vertically but the surface of the high voltage internal electrode was shaped like a hollow screw. This electrode allowed to have a quasi-homogeneous plasma in all the length of the reactor and the inter-electrode space. With this configuration was possible to decrease the typical consumed electric power by the reactor and the liquid temperature at the end of the experience. A 90%Ar-10%O2, 80%Ar-20%O2 or 100%O2 gas mixture flowed across the gas gap and on the liquid surface. The applied electric power was in the range of 18-23 kV at 1.5 kHz. A 100%O2 gas mixture, experimental results showed an enhancement of removal efficiency beyond of 99% compared with a smooth surface cylindrical electrode after 1 hour of treatment. Also, this high efficiency was obtained with lower released power compared with that of smooth surface cylindrical electrode.
将介质阻挡放电非热等离子体工艺成功地应用于合成废水水溶液中苯酚的降解实验。典型的同轴电抗器是垂直布置的,高压内电极表面呈空心螺旋状。该电极允许在反应器的所有长度和电极间空间具有准均匀等离子体。通过这种配置,可以减少反应器消耗的典型电力和体验结束时的液体温度。90%Ar-10%O2, 80%Ar-20%O2或100%O2的气体混合物流过气隙和液体表面。施加的功率范围为18-23千伏,频率为1.5千赫。实验结果表明,在100%O2气体混合物中,经过1小时的处理,与光滑表面圆柱形电极相比,去除效率提高了99%以上。与光滑表面圆柱形电极相比,该电极在释放功率较低的情况下具有较高的效率。
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引用次数: 1
Measurements of the charge of streamers propagating along transformer oil-solid interfaces 沿变压器油-固界面传播的流光电荷的测量
Pub Date : 2014-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.2014.6893165
D. Ariza, M. Becerra, R. Hollertz, C. Pitois
This paper presents an experimental study of the positive streamer charge in transformer oil and oil-solid interfaces in a point-plane gap (5mm) under impulse voltage 50ns1800μs (maximum peak voltage 24 kV). The experiment is intended to compare the charge of streamers propagating in transformer oil with and without a solid barrier along their path. The solid barrier constricting the streamer volume consists of two parallel strips of either impregnated pressboard or a polymeric film (PA6) installed at both sides of the point electrode. The maximum cumulative charge of the streamer is found for the case when the impregnated pressboard is used and the minimum cumulative charge for the case of the polymer as a barrier.
在冲击电压50ns1800μs(最大峰值电压24kv)条件下,实验研究了变压器油和油-固界面(5mm)内的正流光电荷。该实验旨在比较在有固体屏障和没有固体屏障的情况下在变压器油中传播的拖缆的电荷。收缩流线体积的固体屏障由两条平行的浸渍纸板或安装在点电极两侧的聚合膜(PA6)组成。在使用浸渍压板的情况下,发现了拖带的最大累积电荷,而在使用聚合物作为屏障的情况下,发现了最小累积电荷。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)
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