Jonnro Erasmus, Irene T. P. Vanderfeesten, Konstantinos Traganos, P. Grefen
Business process management is often deployed to improve enterprise integration, but its impact is yet to reach manufacturing operations. We propose the concept of unified process management that facilitates integration between business management and manufacturing operations. The proposition is presented as an updated enterprise architecture for computer integrated manufacturing, converged around a centralized process management system. The process management system can orchestrate both business and operations activities by issuing work items to humans and robots connected via the internet-of-things. We present a realization of such a process management system and evaluate the proposition with an industrial case study. The results support the unification of process management as an enabler of smart manufacturing.
{"title":"The Case for Unified Process Management in Smart Manufacturing","authors":"Jonnro Erasmus, Irene T. P. Vanderfeesten, Konstantinos Traganos, P. Grefen","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2018.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2018.00035","url":null,"abstract":"Business process management is often deployed to improve enterprise integration, but its impact is yet to reach manufacturing operations. We propose the concept of unified process management that facilitates integration between business management and manufacturing operations. The proposition is presented as an updated enterprise architecture for computer integrated manufacturing, converged around a centralized process management system. The process management system can orchestrate both business and operations activities by issuing work items to humans and robots connected via the internet-of-things. We present a realization of such a process management system and evaluate the proposition with an industrial case study. The results support the unification of process management as an enabler of smart manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72776004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Hahn, Uwe Breitenbücher, F. Leymann, Michael Wurster, Vladimir Yussupov
The importance of data is steadily increasing in the domain of business process management due to recent advances in data science, IoT, and Big Data. To reflect this paradigm shift towards data-awareness in service choreographies, we introduced the notion of data-aware choreographies based on concepts for Transparent Data Exchange (TraDE) in our previous works. The goal is to simplify the modeling of business-relevant data and its exchange in choreography models while increasing their run time flexibility. To further improve and simplify the modeling of data-related aspects in service choreographies, in this paper, we focus on the extension of our TraDE concepts to support the modeling of data transformations in service choreographies. Such data transformation capabilities are of dire need to mediate between different data formats, structures and representations of the collaborating participants within service choreographies. Therefore, the paper presents a modeling extension as means for specifying and executing heterogeneous data transformations in service choreographies based on our TraDE concepts.
{"title":"Modeling Data Transformations in Data-Aware Service Choreographies","authors":"Michael Hahn, Uwe Breitenbücher, F. Leymann, Michael Wurster, Vladimir Yussupov","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2018.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2018.00014","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of data is steadily increasing in the domain of business process management due to recent advances in data science, IoT, and Big Data. To reflect this paradigm shift towards data-awareness in service choreographies, we introduced the notion of data-aware choreographies based on concepts for Transparent Data Exchange (TraDE) in our previous works. The goal is to simplify the modeling of business-relevant data and its exchange in choreography models while increasing their run time flexibility. To further improve and simplify the modeling of data-related aspects in service choreographies, in this paper, we focus on the extension of our TraDE concepts to support the modeling of data transformations in service choreographies. Such data transformation capabilities are of dire need to mediate between different data formats, structures and representations of the collaborating participants within service choreographies. Therefore, the paper presents a modeling extension as means for specifying and executing heterogeneous data transformations in service choreographies based on our TraDE concepts.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"61 1","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80480078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamza Ed-Douibi, Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo, Jordi Cabot
The REpresentation State Transfer (REST) has gained momentum as the preferred technique to design Web APIs. REST allows building loosely coupled systems by relying on HTTP and the Web-friendly format JSON. However, REST is not backed by any standard or specification to describe how to create/consume REST APIs, thus creating new challenges for their integration, testing and verification. To face this situation, several specification formats have been proposed (e.g., OpenAPI, RAML, and API Blueprint), which can help automate tasks in REST API development (e.g., testing) and consumption (e.g., SDKs generation). In this paper we focus on automated REST API testing relying on API specifications, and particularly the OpenAPI one. We propose an approach to generate specification-based test cases for REST APIs to make sure that such APIs meet the requirements defined in their specifications. We provide a proof-of-concept tool implementing our approach, which we have validated with 91 OpenAPI definitions. Our experiments show that the generated test cases cover on average 76.5% of the elements included in the OpenAPI definitions. Furthermore, our experiments also reveal that 40% of the tested APIs fail.
{"title":"Automatic Generation of Test Cases for REST APIs: A Specification-Based Approach","authors":"Hamza Ed-Douibi, Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo, Jordi Cabot","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2018.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2018.00031","url":null,"abstract":"The REpresentation State Transfer (REST) has gained momentum as the preferred technique to design Web APIs. REST allows building loosely coupled systems by relying on HTTP and the Web-friendly format JSON. However, REST is not backed by any standard or specification to describe how to create/consume REST APIs, thus creating new challenges for their integration, testing and verification. To face this situation, several specification formats have been proposed (e.g., OpenAPI, RAML, and API Blueprint), which can help automate tasks in REST API development (e.g., testing) and consumption (e.g., SDKs generation). In this paper we focus on automated REST API testing relying on API specifications, and particularly the OpenAPI one. We propose an approach to generate specification-based test cases for REST APIs to make sure that such APIs meet the requirements defined in their specifications. We provide a proof-of-concept tool implementing our approach, which we have validated with 91 OpenAPI definitions. Our experiments show that the generated test cases cover on average 76.5% of the elements included in the OpenAPI definitions. Furthermore, our experiments also reveal that 40% of the tested APIs fail.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"205 1","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77031398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Object Management Group maintains two notations to model business processes, BPMN and CMMN. While the two follow different approaches, both offer structures to model flexible processes or parts thereof. This gives rise to the question which standard should be chosen to adequately model such processes. We compare BPMN with a focus on its ad-hoc sub-process with elements of CMMN case models along a practical case study. While BPMN offers a certain degree of flexibility, CMMN has several benefits but also drawbacks. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of both notations. To answer the question of which notation to use for modeling flexible processes, we derive simple guidelines to help in making an informed choice.
{"title":"A Comparison of Flexible BPMN and CMMN in Practice: A Case Study on Component Release Processes","authors":"André Zensen, J. Küster","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2018.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2018.00023","url":null,"abstract":"The Object Management Group maintains two notations to model business processes, BPMN and CMMN. While the two follow different approaches, both offer structures to model flexible processes or parts thereof. This gives rise to the question which standard should be chosen to adequately model such processes. We compare BPMN with a focus on its ad-hoc sub-process with elements of CMMN case models along a practical case study. While BPMN offers a certain degree of flexibility, CMMN has several benefits but also drawbacks. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of both notations. To answer the question of which notation to use for modeling flexible processes, we derive simple guidelines to help in making an informed choice.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"105-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83255922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOCW.2016.7584344
Kan Ngamakeur, Sira Yongchareon, Veronica Liesaputra, Chengfei Liu, Jian Yu
Artifact-centric modeling has become an alternative, yet promising approach of business process (BP) modeling and management as it provides higher flexibility than that of traditional activity-centric approaches. However, existing BP execution engines require artifact-centric models be transformed to executable activity-centric BP languages (e.g., BPEL) in order to be executed and managed. We argue that the model conversion incurs losses of information and affects traceability and monitoring ability of BPs, especially where BPs span across inter-organizations. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an execution platform for artifact- centric BPs. We evaluated our platform using a case study and that can demonstrate several key benefits over the use of existing systems to run artifact- centric BPs.
{"title":"An Artifact-Centric Business Process Execution Platform","authors":"Kan Ngamakeur, Sira Yongchareon, Veronica Liesaputra, Chengfei Liu, Jian Yu","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2016.7584344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2016.7584344","url":null,"abstract":"Artifact-centric modeling has become an alternative, yet promising approach of business process (BP) modeling and management as it provides higher flexibility than that of traditional activity-centric approaches. However, existing BP execution engines require artifact-centric models be transformed to executable activity-centric BP languages (e.g., BPEL) in order to be executed and managed. We argue that the model conversion incurs losses of information and affects traceability and monitoring ability of BPs, especially where BPs span across inter-organizations. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an execution platform for artifact- centric BPs. We evaluated our platform using a case study and that can demonstrate several key benefits over the use of existing systems to run artifact- centric BPs.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84482851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given, as follows. Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are commoditised and delivered in a manner similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing vision. Cloud computing is the most recent emerging paradigm promising to turn the vision of "computing utilities" into a reality. Cloud computing has emerged as one of the buzzwords in the IT industry. Several IT vendors are promising to offer storage, computation and application hosting services, and provide coverage in several continents, offering Service-Level Agreements (SLA) backed performance and uptime promises for their services. It delivers infrastructure, platform, and software (application) as services, which are made available as subscription-based services in a pay-as-you-go model to consumers. The price that Cloud Service Providers charge can vary with time and the quality of service (QoS) expectations of consumers. This keynote talk will cover (a) 21st century vision of computing and identifies various IT paradigms promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities; (b) the architecture for creating market-oriented Clouds by leveraging technologies such as VMs; (c) market-based resource management strategies that encompass both customer-driven service management and computational risk management to sustain SLA-oriented resource allocation; (d) Aneka, a software system for rapid development of Cloud applications and their deployment on private/public Clouds with resource provisioning driven by SLAs and user QoS requirements, (e) experimental results on deploying Cloud applications in engineering, gaming, and health care domains (integrating sensors networks, mobile devices), ISRO satellite image processing on elastic Clouds, and (f) need for convergence of competing IT paradigms for delivering our 21st century vision along with pathways for future research.
{"title":"Market-oriented cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"R. Buyya","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2013.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2013.41","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are commoditised and delivered in a manner similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing vision. Cloud computing is the most recent emerging paradigm promising to turn the vision of \"computing utilities\" into a reality. Cloud computing has emerged as one of the buzzwords in the IT industry. Several IT vendors are promising to offer storage, computation and application hosting services, and provide coverage in several continents, offering Service-Level Agreements (SLA) backed performance and uptime promises for their services. It delivers infrastructure, platform, and software (application) as services, which are made available as subscription-based services in a pay-as-you-go model to consumers. The price that Cloud Service Providers charge can vary with time and the quality of service (QoS) expectations of consumers. This keynote talk will cover (a) 21st century vision of computing and identifies various IT paradigms promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities; (b) the architecture for creating market-oriented Clouds by leveraging technologies such as VMs; (c) market-based resource management strategies that encompass both customer-driven service management and computational risk management to sustain SLA-oriented resource allocation; (d) Aneka, a software system for rapid development of Cloud applications and their deployment on private/public Clouds with resource provisioning driven by SLAs and user QoS requirements, (e) experimental results on deploying Cloud applications in engineering, gaming, and health care domains (integrating sensors networks, mobile devices), ISRO satellite image processing on elastic Clouds, and (f) need for convergence of competing IT paradigms for delivering our 21st century vision along with pathways for future research.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82648438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given, as follows. Today���s organizations consume an increasing share of their computing resources as computing services, using an ondemand model and paying only for what they use. They consume cloud business applications and processes, and store and analyze vast amounts of information on cloud provisioned resources. Cloud computing is dramatically reducing the capital required to support IT operations, while bringing unprecedented openness, flexibility and access to enterprise computing. One of the paradoxes of this new environment is that openness and easy access to services and resources results in the creation of new barriers and computing silos. New ���born in the cloud��� enterprises are quickly discovering the difficulty of integrating SaaS services into their daily operations in efficient, secure and reliable ways. SaaS APIs are as siloed as traditional enterprise applications, if not more. Data is still represented in heterogeneous formats and kept in multiple application stores. Thus, while access and delivery have fundamentally improved, the core problems of process and data integration remain. If anything, they are getting harder. Successful technologies for process and data integration in the cloud will differ fundamentally from existing approaches for enterprise integration. While existing approaches focus on eliminating silos and leveling access to process and information, cloud integration will acknowledge barriers as the price of extending our reach beyond the limits a single organization and focus on linking capabilities and information. Instead of reengineering processes, new process integration technology will link processes and application services offered by specialized providers, leveraging instead of replacing available processes. Instead of coercing heterogeneous information into unified schemas, the new approach to information integration will link enterprise data and open data to offer virtual access to much richer information set. New cloud integration services are already being built leveraging a collection of technologies born on the Web and also within the enterprise. They include ���low touch��� technologies such as process correlation and mining, process analytics, linked and open data, and provenance among others. This keynote will discuss trends in SaaS and cloud-based integration, and review some of the foundational technologies that can support a new cloud centric data and application integration paradigm.
{"title":"Integrating the business cloud","authors":"F. Curbera","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2013.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2013.42","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. Today���s organizations consume an increasing share of their computing resources as computing services, using an ondemand model and paying only for what they use. They consume cloud business applications and processes, and store and analyze vast amounts of information on cloud provisioned resources. Cloud computing is dramatically reducing the capital required to support IT operations, while bringing unprecedented openness, flexibility and access to enterprise computing. One of the paradoxes of this new environment is that openness and easy access to services and resources results in the creation of new barriers and computing silos. New ���born in the cloud��� enterprises are quickly discovering the difficulty of integrating SaaS services into their daily operations in efficient, secure and reliable ways. SaaS APIs are as siloed as traditional enterprise applications, if not more. Data is still represented in heterogeneous formats and kept in multiple application stores. Thus, while access and delivery have fundamentally improved, the core problems of process and data integration remain. If anything, they are getting harder. Successful technologies for process and data integration in the cloud will differ fundamentally from existing approaches for enterprise integration. While existing approaches focus on eliminating silos and leveling access to process and information, cloud integration will acknowledge barriers as the price of extending our reach beyond the limits a single organization and focus on linking capabilities and information. Instead of reengineering processes, new process integration technology will link processes and application services offered by specialized providers, leveraging instead of replacing available processes. Instead of coercing heterogeneous information into unified schemas, the new approach to information integration will link enterprise data and open data to offer virtual access to much richer information set. New cloud integration services are already being built leveraging a collection of technologies born on the Web and also within the enterprise. They include ���low touch��� technologies such as process correlation and mining, process analytics, linked and open data, and provenance among others. This keynote will discuss trends in SaaS and cloud-based integration, and review some of the foundational technologies that can support a new cloud centric data and application integration paradigm.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80956815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Requirements on message-based interactions can be formalized as an interface contract that specifies constraints on the sequence of possible messages that can be exchanged by multiple parties. At runtime, each peer can monitor incoming messages and check that the contract is correctly being followed by their respective senders. We introduce cooperative runtime monitoring, where a recipient "delegates" its monitoring task to the sender, which is required to provide evidence that the message it sends complies with the contract. In turn, this evidence can be quickly checked by the recipient, which is then guaranteed of the sender's compliance to the contract without doing the monitoring computation by itself. A particular application of this concept is shown on web services, where service providers can monitor and enforce contract compliance of third-party clients at a small cost on the server side, while avoiding to certify or digitally sign them.
{"title":"Cooperative Runtime Monitoring of LTL Interface Contracts","authors":"Sylvain Hallé","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.2010.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2010.11","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements on message-based interactions can be formalized as an interface contract that specifies constraints on the sequence of possible messages that can be exchanged by multiple parties. At runtime, each peer can monitor incoming messages and check that the contract is correctly being followed by their respective senders. We introduce cooperative runtime monitoring, where a recipient \"delegates\" its monitoring task to the sender, which is required to provide evidence that the message it sends complies with the contract. In turn, this evidence can be quickly checked by the recipient, which is then guaranteed of the sender's compliance to the contract without doing the monitoring computation by itself. A particular application of this concept is shown on web services, where service providers can monitor and enforce contract compliance of third-party clients at a small cost on the server side, while avoiding to certify or digitally sign them.","PeriodicalId":6544,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 22nd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84949647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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