Pub Date : 2019-08-06DOI: 10.4236/ojogas.2019.44020
Zhu Zhu, Huaiyuan Long, Dichen Tan, Song Wang, Zu-wen Wang, Shunyuan Zhang, Yu Deng
In the experiment, the filtrate loss of synthetic fluid loss control fluid was recorded in room temperature and high temperature in the composite brine base and sodium chloride brine base slurry, and compared with the filtrate loss before base polymer addition. In this way, the effect of filtration loss and salt resistance and temperature resistance of synthetic polymers were evaluated. The influence of the synthesized polymer on the rheological properties of the composite brine was also evaluated by determining the viscosity of the drilling fluid added to the base slurry and polymer. In the end, the structure of the synthetic polymers was characterized through the infrared spectrum, which initially analyzed through the mechanism of its function in reducing the filter loss. Finally, the products produced according to the recipe are given to the site and added to the two wells to record the drilling fluid performance data.
{"title":"Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Anti Temperature and Salt Resistant Polymer Filtrate Reducer","authors":"Zhu Zhu, Huaiyuan Long, Dichen Tan, Song Wang, Zu-wen Wang, Shunyuan Zhang, Yu Deng","doi":"10.4236/ojogas.2019.44020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojogas.2019.44020","url":null,"abstract":"In the experiment, the filtrate loss of synthetic fluid loss control fluid was recorded in room temperature and high temperature in the composite brine base and sodium chloride brine base slurry, and compared with the filtrate loss before base polymer addition. In this way, the effect of filtration loss and salt resistance and temperature resistance of synthetic polymers were evaluated. The influence of the synthesized polymer on the rheological properties of the composite brine was also evaluated by determining the viscosity of the drilling fluid added to the base slurry and polymer. In the end, the structure of the synthetic polymers was characterized through the infrared spectrum, which initially analyzed through the mechanism of its function in reducing the filter loss. Finally, the products produced according to the recipe are given to the site and added to the two wells to record the drilling fluid performance data.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48195233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-06DOI: 10.4236/ojogas.2019.44024
Xiaolong Ju, Junjun Shen, S. Zhong, Weihao Zhang, Jia-qi Liu, Fan Wei
This study dealt with the rhythmic Qian 3410 of the intersalt shale series in the Qianjiang Depression, in which the geological condition for oil accumulation in the rhythmic shale was investigated by using the basic drilling, core and well logging data, as well as data obtained from the thin section identification, SEM, mercury injection, X-ray diffraction and rock freezing heat analyses. The study result indicated that: 1) the intersalt shale series are characterized by TOC in a range of 0.35% - 6.38% (averaging 3.19%), Types I and II1 organic matter, and from immature to mature oil, indicative of a potential for generating a great volume of immature oil; 2) in the target layer, mineral compositions are complicated, which can divide into argillaceous dolomite facies, argillaceous limestone facies, dolomitic mudstone facies, and calcium-mirabilite-filling dolomitic mudstone facies; and 3) of them, the argillaceous dolomite facies is the most contributory, with reservoir spaces consisting of intergranular pores as dominant, as well as rare dissolution pores and seams. It is characterized by high organic abundance (4.23% - 6.38%), high content of brittle mineral (50% - 71%), low content of clay mineral (18% - 33%), high porosity (10.8% - 26.3%) and good oil-bearing properties (S1 distributed in 3.48 - 5.64 mg/g, and S1/TOC value in a range of 348 - 564 oil mg/g). Therefore, the argillaceous dolomite facies was considered the key target series to be explored for the intersalt shale oil in the study area in the coming days.
{"title":"A Fine Investigation on Geological Conditions for Oil Accumulation in the Paleogene Intersalt Shale Series in the Qianjiang Depression","authors":"Xiaolong Ju, Junjun Shen, S. Zhong, Weihao Zhang, Jia-qi Liu, Fan Wei","doi":"10.4236/ojogas.2019.44024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojogas.2019.44024","url":null,"abstract":"This study dealt with the rhythmic Qian 3410 of the intersalt shale series in the Qianjiang Depression, in which the geological condition for oil accumulation in the rhythmic shale was investigated by using the basic drilling, core and well logging data, as well as data obtained from the thin section identification, SEM, mercury injection, X-ray diffraction and rock freezing heat analyses. The study result indicated that: 1) the intersalt shale series are characterized by TOC in a range of 0.35% - 6.38% (averaging 3.19%), Types I and II1 organic matter, and from immature to mature oil, indicative of a potential for generating a great volume of immature oil; 2) in the target layer, mineral compositions are complicated, which can divide into argillaceous dolomite facies, argillaceous limestone facies, dolomitic mudstone facies, and calcium-mirabilite-filling dolomitic mudstone facies; and 3) of them, the argillaceous dolomite facies is the most contributory, with reservoir spaces consisting of intergranular pores as dominant, as well as rare dissolution pores and seams. It is characterized by high organic abundance (4.23% - 6.38%), high content of brittle mineral (50% - 71%), low content of clay mineral (18% - 33%), high porosity (10.8% - 26.3%) and good oil-bearing properties (S1 distributed in 3.48 - 5.64 mg/g, and S1/TOC value in a range of 348 - 564 oil mg/g). Therefore, the argillaceous dolomite facies was considered the key target series to be explored for the intersalt shale oil in the study area in the coming days.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-24DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43014
Q. Xiong, You-jun Tang, Wenming Zong, Shouliang Sun, D. He, Feng Wang
Through the regional geological survey, outcrop section measurement and other field geological work, a block of black shale is found at the outcrop of Mengjiawopu Section of Hongshuizhuang Formation in Jixian County, and organic geochemical source rock analysis and evaluation methods are used to study the source rocks in Hongshuizhuang Formation. The set of source rocks is mainly gray-black silty mudstone and gray-black shale, with a cumulative thickness of 78 m; the total organic matter (TOC) is generally high, with an average content of 1.35%, of which good and rich source rock samples account for 86%. A combined analysis of the stable carbon isotope of kerogen, the correlation between Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18, and the ratio of saturated hydrocarbon to aromatic hydrocarbon identifies that the organic matter is mainly Type Ⅱ kerogen; the equivalent vitrinite reflectance Ro of organic matter is from 1.68% to 1.94%. Rc, the correlation of the methylphenanthrene index (MPI) against the vitrinite reflectance is from 1.63% to 1.81%, with an average of 1.71%, and the Odd/Even Predominance (OEP) value is between 0.87 and 1.11, both indicating that the source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation are at the stage of high to over maturation. In summary, the set of source rocks in Hongshuizhuang Formation is characterized by high organic matter content, good kerogen types, and high to over maturation stage.
{"title":"Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Source Rocks of Hongshuizhuang Formation in the Mengjiawopu Section of Lingyuan-Ningcheng Basin in North China","authors":"Q. Xiong, You-jun Tang, Wenming Zong, Shouliang Sun, D. He, Feng Wang","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43014","url":null,"abstract":"Through the regional geological survey, outcrop section measurement and other field geological work, a block of black shale is found at the outcrop of Mengjiawopu Section of Hongshuizhuang Formation in Jixian County, and organic geochemical source rock analysis and evaluation methods are used to study the source rocks in Hongshuizhuang Formation. The set of source rocks is mainly gray-black silty mudstone and gray-black shale, with a cumulative thickness of 78 m; the total organic matter (TOC) is generally high, with an average content of 1.35%, of which good and rich source rock samples account for 86%. A combined analysis of the stable carbon isotope of kerogen, the correlation between Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18, and the ratio of saturated hydrocarbon to aromatic hydrocarbon identifies that the organic matter is mainly Type Ⅱ kerogen; the equivalent vitrinite reflectance Ro of organic matter is from 1.68% to 1.94%. Rc, the correlation of the methylphenanthrene index (MPI) against the vitrinite reflectance is from 1.63% to 1.81%, with an average of 1.71%, and the Odd/Even Predominance (OEP) value is between 0.87 and 1.11, both indicating that the source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation are at the stage of high to over maturation. In summary, the set of source rocks in Hongshuizhuang Formation is characterized by high organic matter content, good kerogen types, and high to over maturation stage.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46204874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43012
Lanjun Wu, Chuantao Xiao, Zhongzhe Cheng, Yichen Bao, Li Huang, Kang Chen
The Early Ordovician stromatolites in the study area are mainly exposed at the bottom and middle and lower parts of the Second Member of Nanjinguan Formation, the top of the Fourth Member of Nanjinguan Formation, the middle of the Second Member of Fenxiang Formation and the bottom of the First Member of Honghuayuan Formation. In order to find out the controlling factors of Lower Ordovician stromatolites development in the study area, the analysis data of carbon, oxygen isotope samples, macro element samples as well as their variation characteristics are studied and then combined them with previous research results, which is eventually beneficial for reaching the conclusion: sea level change is one of the main factors controlling the formation of stromatolites. There are five sea level change cycles in the Early Ordovician period. The analysis of sea level change and accommodation space variation characteristics show that when the growth rate of the accommodation space is approximately equal to that of carbonate, the circulation of seawater is well, and the amount of light and oxygen is sufficient, so that the cyanobacteria organism can be multiplied in large quantities. The growth and development provide favorable conditions, and favorable conditions are provided for the growth and development of stromatolites; The peak changes in CaO content and CaO/MgO ratio indicate that the formation period of stromatolites is arid climate environment with high water temperature and large evaporation. Prokaryote reproduction is suitable for the environments with high seawater cleanliness. When the amount of land-based debris injected into the sea increases, the turbidity of water will lead to a large number of deaths of algae microorganisms that form stromatolites, and the stromatolitic microbial mats cannot be preserved. In addition, the growth and predation of macro-organisms play a restrictive role in the development of stromatolite-forming micro-organisms blue-green algae. According to the actual situation of the development of the laminated rocks in the study area, what is the dominant function in the formation and decline of stromatolites between the evolution of metazoans and changing environments is discussed in the study.
{"title":"Study on the Main Controlling Factors of the Early Ordovician Stromatolites Development in Liujiachang Area of Songzi City","authors":"Lanjun Wu, Chuantao Xiao, Zhongzhe Cheng, Yichen Bao, Li Huang, Kang Chen","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43012","url":null,"abstract":"The Early Ordovician stromatolites in the study area are mainly exposed at the bottom and middle and lower parts of the Second Member of Nanjinguan Formation, the top of the Fourth Member of Nanjinguan Formation, the middle of the Second Member of Fenxiang Formation and the bottom of the First Member of Honghuayuan Formation. In order to find out the controlling factors of Lower Ordovician stromatolites development in the study area, the analysis data of carbon, oxygen isotope samples, macro element samples as well as their variation characteristics are studied and then combined them with previous research results, which is eventually beneficial for reaching the conclusion: sea level change is one of the main factors controlling the formation of stromatolites. There are five sea level change cycles in the Early Ordovician period. The analysis of sea level change and accommodation space variation characteristics show that when the growth rate of the accommodation space is approximately equal to that of carbonate, the circulation of seawater is well, and the amount of light and oxygen is sufficient, so that the cyanobacteria organism can be multiplied in large quantities. The growth and development provide favorable conditions, and favorable conditions are provided for the growth and development of stromatolites; The peak changes in CaO content and CaO/MgO ratio indicate that the formation period of stromatolites is arid climate environment with high water temperature and large evaporation. Prokaryote reproduction is suitable for the environments with high seawater cleanliness. When the amount of land-based debris injected into the sea increases, the turbidity of water will lead to a large number of deaths of algae microorganisms that form stromatolites, and the stromatolitic microbial mats cannot be preserved. In addition, the growth and predation of macro-organisms play a restrictive role in the development of stromatolite-forming micro-organisms blue-green algae. According to the actual situation of the development of the laminated rocks in the study area, what is the dominant function in the formation and decline of stromatolites between the evolution of metazoans and changing environments is discussed in the study.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46790982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43013
Bo Qin, Yidi Wang, Chunzhi Luo, Gang Liu
As the depth and horizontal length of shale gas development wells increase, the requirement for the temperature resistance and the ability of the drilling fluids to stabilize the shale formation becomes higher. A new type of high temperature and high density white oil based drilling fluid system has been developed in laboratory. Research shows that the drilling fluid system has good rheological property, low filtration loss, strong anti-debris pollution capability and good plugging performance at high temperature and high density. The system has been successfully applied in the 201H7-6 well. Application results show that the drilling fluid rheology, high temperature and high pressure fluid loss and demulsification voltage meet the field requirements. The drilling fluid performance is stable in drilling an 1800 m horizontal section, and no stuck or shale swelling and wellbore collapsing are induced. It is the first well drilled successfully with domestic white oil-based drilling fluid in Zigong Region. It also sets several new records including the deepest well, the shortest drilling cycle, and the fastest drilling speed in that region, which provides valuable experience for the future drilling activities.
{"title":"Research on High Temperature and High Density White Oil Based Drilling Fluid and Its Application in Well 201H7-6","authors":"Bo Qin, Yidi Wang, Chunzhi Luo, Gang Liu","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43013","url":null,"abstract":"As the depth and horizontal length of shale gas development wells increase, the requirement for the temperature resistance and the ability of the drilling fluids to stabilize the shale formation becomes higher. A new type of high temperature and high density white oil based drilling fluid system has been developed in laboratory. Research shows that the drilling fluid system has good rheological property, low filtration loss, strong anti-debris pollution capability and good plugging performance at high temperature and high density. The system has been successfully applied in the 201H7-6 well. Application results show that the drilling fluid rheology, high temperature and high pressure fluid loss and demulsification voltage meet the field requirements. The drilling fluid performance is stable in drilling an 1800 m horizontal section, and no stuck or shale swelling and wellbore collapsing are induced. It is the first well drilled successfully with domestic white oil-based drilling fluid in Zigong Region. It also sets several new records including the deepest well, the shortest drilling cycle, and the fastest drilling speed in that region, which provides valuable experience for the future drilling activities.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43203285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43015
Lei He, Xiaolong Wang, N. Cai, Jie Qu, Xiong Zhu, Da-Cheng Lin
Pearl River Mouth Basin undergoes complex tectonic evolution processes and forms lacustrine, transitional and marine sediments. Drilling shows that there exist large petroleum reserves in the hydrocarbon-rich sags of Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. To reduce the risk, the exploration, structural and sedimentary characteristics of the hydrocarbon-rich sags should be identified and described. Drilling, seismic, and microfossil data are integrated to interpret the structural and sedimentary evolution of the hydrocarbon-rich sags in Pearl River Mouth Basin. By analyzing the tectonic and sedimentary evolutionary characteristics, three conclusions may be drawn: 1) The present regional tectonic characteristics of the PRMB are formed by mutual interactions of the Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, Philippine Plate and Indian Plate. During the Paleocene to early Eocene and late Eocene and early Oligocene, the PRMB is at the rifting stage. During the late Oligocene, the PRMB was at the rifting-depression transitional stage. After the Oligocene, the PRMB is at the depression stage. 2) Tectonic conditions control the sedimentation process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags. During the lacustrine sedimentation stage, synsedimentary faults and intense faulting control the sedimentation. During the transitional sedimentation stage, weak fault activity influences the deposition process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags. During the marine sedimentation stage, weak fault activity and depression activity control the deposition process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags. 3) Tectonic evolution affects the deposition process. The lacustrine, transitional and marine sedimentation corresponds to different tectonic conditions. The lacustrine sedimentation is formed under fault activity during the rifting stage. The transitional sedimentation is formed under weak fault activity during the late rifting stage. The marine sedimentation is formed under weak fault activity and depression activity during the rifting-depression and depression stages. 4) The half graben is beneficial for the formation of lacustrine source rocks, which is responsible for the hydrocarbon-rich sag. Therefore the half graben mode contributes to the hydrocarbon-rich sags.
{"title":"Structural and Sedimentary Characteristics of Hydrocarbon-Rich Sags in Lacustrine Sub-Basin of Half Graben Type, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea","authors":"Lei He, Xiaolong Wang, N. Cai, Jie Qu, Xiong Zhu, Da-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43015","url":null,"abstract":"Pearl River Mouth Basin undergoes complex tectonic evolution processes and forms lacustrine, transitional and marine sediments. Drilling shows that there exist large petroleum reserves in the hydrocarbon-rich sags of Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. To reduce the risk, the exploration, structural and sedimentary characteristics of the hydrocarbon-rich sags should be identified and described. Drilling, seismic, and microfossil data are integrated to interpret the structural and sedimentary evolution of the hydrocarbon-rich sags in Pearl River Mouth Basin. By analyzing the tectonic and sedimentary evolutionary characteristics, three conclusions may be drawn: 1) The present regional tectonic characteristics of the PRMB are formed by mutual interactions of the Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, Philippine Plate and Indian Plate. During the Paleocene to early Eocene and late Eocene and early Oligocene, the PRMB is at the rifting stage. During the late Oligocene, the PRMB was at the rifting-depression transitional stage. After the Oligocene, the PRMB is at the depression stage. 2) Tectonic conditions control the sedimentation process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags. During the lacustrine sedimentation stage, synsedimentary faults and intense faulting control the sedimentation. During the transitional sedimentation stage, weak fault activity influences the deposition process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags. During the marine sedimentation stage, weak fault activity and depression activity control the deposition process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags. 3) Tectonic evolution affects the deposition process. The lacustrine, transitional and marine sedimentation corresponds to different tectonic conditions. The lacustrine sedimentation is formed under fault activity during the rifting stage. The transitional sedimentation is formed under weak fault activity during the late rifting stage. The marine sedimentation is formed under weak fault activity and depression activity during the rifting-depression and depression stages. 4) The half graben is beneficial for the formation of lacustrine source rocks, which is responsible for the hydrocarbon-rich sag. Therefore the half graben mode contributes to the hydrocarbon-rich sags.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43017
Y. Ramazanova
The results of studies of the antioxidant properties of multifunctional alkylphenolate type additives indicate the calcium salts of condensation products of alkylphenols (C8 - C12) with formaldehyde and the following amines: aminoacetic acid, benzotriazole, diethanolamine and boric acid, as well as their carbonated compounds. The determination of the antioxidant properties of the additives is tested on the АПСМ-1M apparatus. New lubricant compositions for diesel internal combustion engines oil meeting the required standards for these oils have been developed. The study of additives, which possess simultaneously detergent-dispersing, neutralizing, antioxidant anti-wear properties, revealed the dependence of antioxidant properties on their alkalinity.
{"title":"Investigation of Antioxidative Properties of Multifunctional Additives of Alkyl Phenolate Type and Development of New Lubricant Compositions","authors":"Y. Ramazanova","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43017","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies of the antioxidant properties of multifunctional alkylphenolate type additives indicate the calcium salts of condensation products of alkylphenols (C8 - C12) with formaldehyde and the following amines: aminoacetic acid, benzotriazole, diethanolamine and boric acid, as well as their carbonated compounds. The determination of the antioxidant properties of the additives is tested on the АПСМ-1M apparatus. New lubricant compositions for diesel internal combustion engines oil meeting the required standards for these oils have been developed. The study of additives, which possess simultaneously detergent-dispersing, neutralizing, antioxidant anti-wear properties, revealed the dependence of antioxidant properties on their alkalinity.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48211627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43016
Xia Jiang, Zhiming Huang, Yuanzhu Mi, Jiazhe Kuang, Fan Ye
Stable water-in-oil emulsions are produced in oil exploitation and cause many environmental and operational issues. In this paper, a co-polymer demulsifier is reported in detail; an emulsion polymerization method is used to prepare nano-P (MMA-AA-EA) with MMA, AA and EA as the monomers, DVB as the cross-linker and APS as the initiator. The resulting products are characterized by FT-IR. Furthermore, the surface tension and particles size analysis is investigated. The results show that the surface tension reduction is 10.66 mN/m at 20°C when the concentration of co-polymer is 1000 ppm and the average size is 76.99 nm. Moreover, the HLB of polymer is discussed specifically by changing the amount of AA. With the increase of AA, the HLB value of the polymer is increased accordingly. Besides, the demulsification performance of the co-polymer is also evaluated at different synthesis and demulsification conditions. It is showed that the maximum demulsification efficiency is 96% at 70°C for 60 min. The optimum concentration of demulsifier is 400 ppm when the amounts of AA and DVB are 1.4 g and 0.1 g, respectively. At last, the process of demulsification is showed under a microscope; the coalescence process of water droplets is indicated under the action of the demulsifier.
{"title":"Emulsion Polymerization of P (MMA-AA-EA) and Its Demulsifying Performance in Water/Oil Emulsion","authors":"Xia Jiang, Zhiming Huang, Yuanzhu Mi, Jiazhe Kuang, Fan Ye","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.43016","url":null,"abstract":"Stable water-in-oil emulsions are produced in oil exploitation and cause many environmental and operational issues. In this paper, a co-polymer demulsifier is reported in detail; an emulsion polymerization method is used to prepare nano-P (MMA-AA-EA) with MMA, AA and EA as the monomers, DVB as the cross-linker and APS as the initiator. The resulting products are characterized by FT-IR. Furthermore, the surface tension and particles size analysis is investigated. The results show that the surface tension reduction is 10.66 mN/m at 20°C when the concentration of co-polymer is 1000 ppm and the average size is 76.99 nm. Moreover, the HLB of polymer is discussed specifically by changing the amount of AA. With the increase of AA, the HLB value of the polymer is increased accordingly. Besides, the demulsification performance of the co-polymer is also evaluated at different synthesis and demulsification conditions. It is showed that the maximum demulsification efficiency is 96% at 70°C for 60 min. The optimum concentration of demulsifier is 400 ppm when the amounts of AA and DVB are 1.4 g and 0.1 g, respectively. At last, the process of demulsification is showed under a microscope; the coalescence process of water droplets is indicated under the action of the demulsifier.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46370331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.42010
K. K. Ihekoronye, I. P. Nwosu
Pressure transient analysis has been extensively applied to detect anomalies in a reservoir system. These anomalies may be presented in the form of an intersection of the crestal and the antithetic fault associated with a growth fault. Interpretation of this fault can only be achieved through the use of pressure transient analysis. The objective of the research work is to analyze and test the faulted crest, depth of the anticline structure and examine the near well bore conditions in order to evaluate whether the well productivity is governed by wellbore effects (skin effects + well bore effect) or the reservoir at large. A case study of a well in the Niger delta is considered with a series of build up test carried out in two intervals of both upper and lower gauge readings. In this study, a computer aided design which uses a pressure derivative approach is used in this work to match the pressure derivative of an intersecting fault (angle) model to the field data, and the model assumes the characteristics of the reservoir. Based on the result of the interpreted data, simulation is done by using a non linear regression method (least square). The simulated data interpreted are achieved through the regression coefficient which provides a quantitative measure of the agreement between field data and the model. In conclusion, the best cases are taken from all the results and a nodal analysis is performed to diagnose the inflow performance of the well through the transient analysis in order to optimize the recovery of the oilfield.
{"title":"Pressure Transient Analysis of an Intersecting Rollover Faulted Crest Boundary in Niger Delta Oil Field","authors":"K. K. Ihekoronye, I. P. Nwosu","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.42010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.42010","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure transient analysis has been extensively applied to detect anomalies in a reservoir system. These anomalies may be presented in the form of an intersection of the crestal and the antithetic fault associated with a growth fault. Interpretation of this fault can only be achieved through the use of pressure transient analysis. The objective of the research work is to analyze and test the faulted crest, depth of the anticline structure and examine the near well bore conditions in order to evaluate whether the well productivity is governed by wellbore effects (skin effects + well bore effect) or the reservoir at large. A case study of a well in the Niger delta is considered with a series of build up test carried out in two intervals of both upper and lower gauge readings. In this study, a computer aided design which uses a pressure derivative approach is used in this work to match the pressure derivative of an intersecting fault (angle) model to the field data, and the model assumes the characteristics of the reservoir. Based on the result of the interpreted data, simulation is done by using a non linear regression method (least square). The simulated data interpreted are achieved through the regression coefficient which provides a quantitative measure of the agreement between field data and the model. In conclusion, the best cases are taken from all the results and a nodal analysis is performed to diagnose the inflow performance of the well through the transient analysis in order to optimize the recovery of the oilfield.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48319207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-19DOI: 10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.42007
Liu Li, Chengguang Zhang, Li Taiquan, Liu Yu, Jin Yan, Zhou Chao
Because of its portability, the non-cable seismograph has become the future development trend of geophysical instruments. A new wireless data transmission device of 433 M module was proposed; a wireless network was built using the EL1663B_PA module of the SI4463 core, and through the SPI interface to modify the internal parameters. Data transmission used dual antenna mode, the main station as the center of the wireless network coverage up to 550 m or more. The wireless time synchronization system was designed to realize the wireless connection communication between the shallow seismograph and the sensor of each observation point. This program aimed to eliminate the necessary connecting cable and batteries between the conventional shallow seismograph and the detector, greatly reducing the weight of the equipment, and making the shallow seismograph truly low cost, lightweight, flexible and easy to operate and so on.
{"title":"Design of Wireless Transmission System for Shallow Seismograph Based on 433 M Module","authors":"Liu Li, Chengguang Zhang, Li Taiquan, Liu Yu, Jin Yan, Zhou Chao","doi":"10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.42007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJOGAS.2019.42007","url":null,"abstract":"Because of its portability, the non-cable seismograph has become the future development trend of geophysical instruments. A new wireless data transmission device of 433 M module was proposed; a wireless network was built using the EL1663B_PA module of the SI4463 core, and through the SPI interface to modify the internal parameters. Data transmission used dual antenna mode, the main station as the center of the wireless network coverage up to 550 m or more. The wireless time synchronization system was designed to realize the wireless connection communication between the shallow seismograph and the sensor of each observation point. This program aimed to eliminate the necessary connecting cable and batteries between the conventional shallow seismograph and the detector, greatly reducing the weight of the equipment, and making the shallow seismograph truly low cost, lightweight, flexible and easy to operate and so on.","PeriodicalId":65460,"journal":{"name":"长江油气:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45178338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：