Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.05.001
Hanfei Chen, Qingfeng Li
Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm), play a crucial role in intercellular communication and are promising biomarkers and therapeutic agents in oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunotherapy. However, their widespread clinical adoption is constrained by challenges in scalable production, efficient purification, and regulatory standardization. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in exosome bioprocessing, including cell source optimization, culture refinement, and next-generation isolation technologies such as microfluidic microarrays and EXODUS systems. Additionally, we address the limitations of current exosome standardization efforts and propose harmonized protocols to enhance reproducibility. Future research should focus on integrating scalable bioreactor-based systems and artificial intelligence-driven quality control frameworks to accelerate exosome applications in precision medicine and regenerative therapy.
{"title":"Recent advances in scalable exosome production: Challenges and innovations","authors":"Hanfei Chen, Qingfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm), play a crucial role in intercellular communication and are promising biomarkers and therapeutic agents in oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunotherapy. However, their widespread clinical adoption is constrained by challenges in scalable production, efficient purification, and regulatory standardization. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in exosome bioprocessing, including cell source optimization, culture refinement, and next-generation isolation technologies such as microfluidic microarrays and EXODUS systems. Additionally, we address the limitations of current exosome standardization efforts and propose harmonized protocols to enhance reproducibility. Future research should focus on integrating scalable bioreactor-based systems and artificial intelligence-driven quality control frameworks to accelerate exosome applications in precision medicine and regenerative therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.004
Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab , Abdullah Farasani , Zenat A. Khired , Ahmad Assiri , Abdelkhalig Hussein Elhilu , Waseem Hassan
Background
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications, leading to substantial advancements in patient-specific treatments. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the key contributors, research trends, thematic developments, and collaboration networks in this evolving field.
Methods
Two search strategies were employed to ensure a comprehensive analysis: (1) a broad search, in which selected keywords were searched in the title, abstract, and keyword fields to capture all relevant publications, and (2) a title-specific search, in which keywords were restricted to the title field to identify publications with a strong focus on 3D printing in craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications. The retrieved dataset was analyzed using VOSviewer and RStudio (bibliometrix package).
Results
The broad search retrieved 3 534 publications, whereas the title-specific search yielded 280 publications. The analysis of these 280 papers focused on identifying the top authors, universities, and countries, as well as their research dynamics and collaboration networks. A more detailed approach was adopted by examining the titles of these 280 papers. VOSviewer segmented the titles into approximately 800 words, which were then categorized into 18 distinct thematic groups to represent research trends. The focus areas of the ten most cited papers were also analyzed.
Conclusion
This bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the progress in 3D printing for craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications. By highlighting the key contributors, thematic developments, and collaborative networks, this study offers a foundation for future research in this rapidly advancing field.
{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of three-dimensional printing in craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications: Research trends, key contributors, and collaboration networks","authors":"Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab , Abdullah Farasani , Zenat A. Khired , Ahmad Assiri , Abdelkhalig Hussein Elhilu , Waseem Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications, leading to substantial advancements in patient-specific treatments. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the key contributors, research trends, thematic developments, and collaboration networks in this evolving field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two search strategies were employed to ensure a comprehensive analysis: (1) a broad search, in which selected keywords were searched in the title, abstract, and keyword fields to capture all relevant publications, and (2) a title-specific search, in which keywords were restricted to the title field to identify publications with a strong focus on 3D printing in craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications. The retrieved dataset was analyzed using VOSviewer and RStudio (bibliometrix package).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The broad search retrieved 3 534 publications, whereas the title-specific search yielded 280 publications. The analysis of these 280 papers focused on identifying the top authors, universities, and countries, as well as their research dynamics and collaboration networks. A more detailed approach was adopted by examining the titles of these 280 papers. VOSviewer segmented the titles into approximately 800 words, which were then categorized into 18 distinct thematic groups to represent research trends. The focus areas of the ten most cited papers were also analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the progress in 3D printing for craniofacial and craniomaxillofacial applications. By highlighting the key contributors, thematic developments, and collaborative networks, this study offers a foundation for future research in this rapidly advancing field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.004
Igor Vladimirovich Reshetov, Viktoriia Vitalievna Nebezheva, Natalya Sergeevna Sukortseva, Alim Arsenovich Nebezhev
Background
Postoperative complications, particularly those involving lymphatic drainage, remain a significant challenge for patients undergoing axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) as part of breast cancer surgery. These complications can delay the initiation of adjuvant therapies, increase healthcare costs, and negatively affect patients’ quality of life. This study evaluated the use of a latex-based tissue adhesive (LTA) as an intraoperative strategy to prevent seroma formation and prolonged lymphorrhea following axillary dissection.
Methods
In this prospective study, 65 female patients diagnosed with stage IIb–III breast cancer and clinically confirmed axillary lymph node involvement were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups. The study group (n=33) received an intraoperative application of LTA without drainage, while the control group (n=32) underwent standard ALND with placement of a silicone vacuum drain. Postoperative outcomes assessed included lymphatic drainage volume, number of aspirations, duration of lymphorrhea, length of hospital stay, and incidence of complications.
Results
Use of the LTA significantly reduced both the volume and duration of postoperative lymphorrhea. By postoperative day 10, the average wound exudate volume in the LTA group was 8.2 ± 3.3 mL, compared to 54.1 ± 3.9 mL in the control group—an 84.8% reduction. The LTA group also experienced shorter hospital stays and fewer cases of postoperative seroma requiring intervention.
Conclusion
LTA appears to be a safe, effective, and practical intraoperative technique for preventing lymphatic complications after ALND. Its use may reduce dependence on drainage systems, shorten hospitalization, and support earlier initiation of adjuvant therapies, ultimately improving surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
{"title":"Prevention of postoperative complications in axillary lymphadenectomy through adhesive application","authors":"Igor Vladimirovich Reshetov, Viktoriia Vitalievna Nebezheva, Natalya Sergeevna Sukortseva, Alim Arsenovich Nebezhev","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postoperative complications, particularly those involving lymphatic drainage, remain a significant challenge for patients undergoing axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) as part of breast cancer surgery. These complications can delay the initiation of adjuvant therapies, increase healthcare costs, and negatively affect patients’ quality of life. This study evaluated the use of a latex-based tissue adhesive (LTA) as an intraoperative strategy to prevent seroma formation and prolonged lymphorrhea following axillary dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, 65 female patients diagnosed with stage IIb–III breast cancer and clinically confirmed axillary lymph node involvement were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups. The study group (<em>n</em>=33) received an intraoperative application of LTA without drainage, while the control group (<em>n</em>=32) underwent standard ALND with placement of a silicone vacuum drain. Postoperative outcomes assessed included lymphatic drainage volume, number of aspirations, duration of lymphorrhea, length of hospital stay, and incidence of complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Use of the LTA significantly reduced both the volume and duration of postoperative lymphorrhea. By postoperative day 10, the average wound exudate volume in the LTA group was 8.2 ± 3.3 mL, compared to 54.1 ± 3.9 mL in the control group—an 84.8% reduction. The LTA group also experienced shorter hospital stays and fewer cases of postoperative seroma requiring intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LTA appears to be a safe, effective, and practical intraoperative technique for preventing lymphatic complications after ALND. Its use may reduce dependence on drainage systems, shorten hospitalization, and support earlier initiation of adjuvant therapies, ultimately improving surgical outcomes and patient recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 123-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orofacial muscle hypertonicity, characterized by excessive muscle tension in the facial and masticatory regions, can lead to significant functional impairment and aesthetic concerns. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), widely known for its cosmetic applications, has emerged as a valuable therapeutic tool in dentistry and maxillofacial medicine. This review explores the pharmacological mechanisms, anatomical considerations, and clinical applications of BoNT-A in the treatment of functional disorders such as bruxism, masseter hypertrophy, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and facial asymmetry. Emphasis is placed on precision-guided injection techniques, region-specific dosing trends, and formulation-specific performance. Adverse effects, although generally mild and self-limiting, are preventable through anatomical expertise and individualized protocols. Preliminary clinical observations and recent East Asian data suggest variations in the response patterns and optimal dosing strategies. This review also highlights the current gaps, including the need for long-term safety data, standardized training for dental practitioners, and comparative evaluations with non-pharmacological therapies. BoNT-A is a minimally invasive interdisciplinary approach for restoring oral function and facial harmony, supporting its integration into modern dental practice.
{"title":"Botulinum toxin in orofacial muscle hypertonicity: Clinical insights and therapeutic applications","authors":"Rudhra Kannan, Ranjith Mari, Anitha Balaji, Preethi Padmanaban","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orofacial muscle hypertonicity, characterized by excessive muscle tension in the facial and masticatory regions, can lead to significant functional impairment and aesthetic concerns. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), widely known for its cosmetic applications, has emerged as a valuable therapeutic tool in dentistry and maxillofacial medicine. This review explores the pharmacological mechanisms, anatomical considerations, and clinical applications of BoNT-A in the treatment of functional disorders such as bruxism, masseter hypertrophy, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and facial asymmetry. Emphasis is placed on precision-guided injection techniques, region-specific dosing trends, and formulation-specific performance. Adverse effects, although generally mild and self-limiting, are preventable through anatomical expertise and individualized protocols. Preliminary clinical observations and recent East Asian data suggest variations in the response patterns and optimal dosing strategies. This review also highlights the current gaps, including the need for long-term safety data, standardized training for dental practitioners, and comparative evaluations with non-pharmacological therapies. BoNT-A is a minimally invasive interdisciplinary approach for restoring oral function and facial harmony, supporting its integration into modern dental practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.07.002
Shengmiao Li , Xiaoying Wu , Chunfen Luo , Linjun Yu
Background
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular skin lesion that occurs in children. Although, sclerotherapy is a common treatment for patients with PG, all the previous studies have been case reports or series. At present, no reports have compared the efficacy of the two different sclerosing agents, polidocanol and bleomycin, in the treatment of PG. Therefore, we aimed to compare the cure rates and adverse reactions associated with these two agents in sclerotherapy for PG in children.
Methods
This retrospective analysis included children <18 years of age with PG undergoing cutaneous treatment at our hospital between January 2016 and January 2022. Two sclerosing agents, polidocanol and bleomycin, were topically injected. The efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 117 children with PG were divided into the polidocanol (n=52) and bleomycin (n=65) groups. Lesions disappeared after one injection in 38 children, two in 11 children, and three in 3 children in the polidocanol group. A similar phenomenon was observed after one injection in 53 children, two injections in 8 children, and three injections in children in the bleomycin group. The single-injection cure rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). The rate of adverse reactions was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). No severe complications occurred, and no recurrences were detected during the 6–12 months of postoperative follow-up period.
Conclusion
This study showed that both polidocanol and bleomycin are safe and effective sclerosing agents for treatment of PG in children. The incidence of adverse reactions to polidocanol was lower than that to bleomycin. We recommend sclerotherapy with polidocanol as a first-line treatment for PG, as it is suitable for application in hospitals at various levels.
{"title":"Treatment efficacy of sclerotherapy by polidocanol vs. bleomycin for pyogenic granuloma in children: A comparative study","authors":"Shengmiao Li , Xiaoying Wu , Chunfen Luo , Linjun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular skin lesion that occurs in children. Although, sclerotherapy is a common treatment for patients with PG, all the previous studies have been case reports or series. At present, no reports have compared the efficacy of the two different sclerosing agents, polidocanol and bleomycin, in the treatment of PG. Therefore, we aimed to compare the cure rates and adverse reactions associated with these two agents in sclerotherapy for PG in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective analysis included children <18 years of age with PG undergoing cutaneous treatment at our hospital between January 2016 and January 2022. Two sclerosing agents, polidocanol and bleomycin, were topically injected. The efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 117 children with PG were divided into the polidocanol (<em>n</em>=52) and bleomycin (<em>n</em>=65) groups. Lesions disappeared after one injection in 38 children, two in 11 children, and three in 3 children in the polidocanol group. A similar phenomenon was observed after one injection in 53 children, two injections in 8 children, and three injections in children in the bleomycin group. The single-injection cure rate was not significantly different between the two groups (<em>P</em>>0.05). The rate of adverse reactions was significantly different between the two groups (<em>P</em><0.05). No severe complications occurred, and no recurrences were detected during the 6–12 months of postoperative follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed that both polidocanol and bleomycin are safe and effective sclerosing agents for treatment of PG in children. The incidence of adverse reactions to polidocanol was lower than that to bleomycin. We recommend sclerotherapy with polidocanol as a first-line treatment for PG, as it is suitable for application in hospitals at various levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.002
Nhat Dang Huy Nguyen , Huy Anh Pham , Phu Man Truong Ho , Phi Duong Nguyen
Soft tissue reconstruction of the radial thumb tip remains surgically challenging, particularly when standard options such as kite or Brünelli flaps are less suitable due to anatomical constraints. This technical note presents the case of a 37-year-old male with a radial-sided distal thumb defect reconstructed using a reverse homodigital dorsoradial flap. Two key refinements were applied: preservation of approximately 5 mm of subcutaneous tissue to support venous outflow and a 3–5 mm proximal safety margin at the pivot point based on Doppler assessment to reduce pedicle tension during 180° rotation. The flap was inset without tunneling and healed without complications. Functional recovery was confirmed by progressive improvements in the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score (from 25 at 1 month to 4.2 at 1 year), normal range of motion, and two-point discrimination (from 5 mm to 4 mm). This case highlights the practical advantages of flap design refinement for radial thumb reconstruction and supports its reproducibility in similar clinical scenarios. However, as this is a single case report, further validation with studies involving multiple cases is necessary to confirm the reliability and broad applicability of these refinements.
{"title":"Technical refinement of the reverse homodigital dorsoradial flap: A preliminary case report on flap optimization for radial thumb defects","authors":"Nhat Dang Huy Nguyen , Huy Anh Pham , Phu Man Truong Ho , Phi Duong Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft tissue reconstruction of the radial thumb tip remains surgically challenging, particularly when standard options such as kite or Brünelli flaps are less suitable due to anatomical constraints. This technical note presents the case of a 37-year-old male with a radial-sided distal thumb defect reconstructed using a reverse homodigital dorsoradial flap. Two key refinements were applied: preservation of approximately 5 mm of subcutaneous tissue to support venous outflow and a 3–5 mm proximal safety margin at the pivot point based on Doppler assessment to reduce pedicle tension during 180° rotation. The flap was inset without tunneling and healed without complications. Functional recovery was confirmed by progressive improvements in the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score (from 25 at 1 month to 4.2 at 1 year), normal range of motion, and two-point discrimination (from 5 mm to 4 mm). This case highlights the practical advantages of flap design refinement for radial thumb reconstruction and supports its reproducibility in similar clinical scenarios. However, as this is a single case report, further validation with studies involving multiple cases is necessary to confirm the reliability and broad applicability of these refinements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.001
Huijing Wang , Dawei Li , Nan Li, Cheng Huang, Xueqing Hu
Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by unilateral absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle, frequently accompanied by breast and chest wall anomalies. We report the case of an 18-year-old Chinese female diagnosed with PS complicated by contralateral macromastia who presented with significant breast asymmetry. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left breast volume of 618.90 mL and a right breast volume of 1 137.04 mL. The patient underwent a staged reconstruction that included a right breast reduction mammaplasty and three sessions of autologous fat grafting to the left breast. Postoperative imaging 3 months after the final procedure confirmed near symmetry, with volumes measuring 831.37 mL (left) and 841.07 mL (right). The clinical follow-up demonstrated stable results and no complications. This case underscores the importance of individualized surgical planning, precise volumetric assessment, and the role of fat grafting in achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes in patients with PS and complex breast deformities.
{"title":"Poland syndrome complicated by macromastia in an adolescent female: A case report and literature review","authors":"Huijing Wang , Dawei Li , Nan Li, Cheng Huang, Xueqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by unilateral absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle, frequently accompanied by breast and chest wall anomalies. We report the case of an 18-year-old Chinese female diagnosed with PS complicated by contralateral macromastia who presented with significant breast asymmetry. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left breast volume of 618.90 mL and a right breast volume of 1 137.04 mL. The patient underwent a staged reconstruction that included a right breast reduction mammaplasty and three sessions of autologous fat grafting to the left breast. Postoperative imaging 3 months after the final procedure confirmed near symmetry, with volumes measuring 831.37 mL (left) and 841.07 mL (right). The clinical follow-up demonstrated stable results and no complications. This case underscores the importance of individualized surgical planning, precise volumetric assessment, and the role of fat grafting in achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes in patients with PS and complex breast deformities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.006
Baoyi Li , Changjiang Zhao , Ruiyu Luo , He Yan , Zihan Li , Lingling Jia , Hua Jiang , Yufei Li
Background
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder that significantly affects patient’s quality of life. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has emerged as a potential treatment; however, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence on BoNT for AGA, analyze its mechanisms, evaluate its efficacy, and explore its potential for precision therapy.
Methods
A PubMed search was conducted for studies published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 25 studies, including 11 clinical trials and 7 reviews, were included. The studies were analyzed for BoNT mechanisms in AGA, treatment regimens, efficacy, outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles.
Results
Experimental evidence suggests that BoNT reduces transforming growth factor-β in dermal papilla cells, a key pathological pathway in AGA. Other hypothetical mechanisms, such as scalp muscle relaxation improving microcirculation or inhibiting androgen conversion require further validation. In clinical trials, most studies used 30–150 U of BoNT via intramuscular (six studies) or intradermal (three studies) injections, with 1–3 sessions and up to 6 months of follow-up. Early open-label trials reported response rates of 70%–79%, but recent high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed no significant improvement in hair density compared to placebo. Combination therapy with finasteride or minoxidil enhanced treatment outcomes, though large-scale evidence is lacking. BoNT was less cost-effective than first-line therapies such as minoxidil, with session costs approximately 37 times higher. Intramuscular injection appeared more effective than intradermal injection, possibly due to scalp muscle relaxation and vascular decompression. BoNT generally had a mild safety profile.
Conclusion
Currently, BoNT lacks robust evidence to replace traditional treatments for AGA. Future research should focus on establishing standardized dosing protocols, conducting large-scale, long-term RCTs, and integrating molecular biomarkers to improve understanding and optimize the clinical use of BoNT in AGA management.
{"title":"Botulinum toxin therapy for androgenetic alopecia: From mechanistic insights to clinical applications","authors":"Baoyi Li , Changjiang Zhao , Ruiyu Luo , He Yan , Zihan Li , Lingling Jia , Hua Jiang , Yufei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder that significantly affects patient’s quality of life. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has emerged as a potential treatment; however, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence on BoNT for AGA, analyze its mechanisms, evaluate its efficacy, and explore its potential for precision therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A PubMed search was conducted for studies published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 25 studies, including 11 clinical trials and 7 reviews, were included. The studies were analyzed for BoNT mechanisms in AGA, treatment regimens, efficacy, outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experimental evidence suggests that BoNT reduces transforming growth factor-β in dermal papilla cells, a key pathological pathway in AGA. Other hypothetical mechanisms, such as scalp muscle relaxation improving microcirculation or inhibiting androgen conversion require further validation. In clinical trials, most studies used 30–150 U of BoNT via intramuscular (six studies) or intradermal (three studies) injections, with 1–3 sessions and up to 6 months of follow-up. Early open-label trials reported response rates of 70%–79%, but recent high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed no significant improvement in hair density compared to placebo. Combination therapy with finasteride or minoxidil enhanced treatment outcomes, though large-scale evidence is lacking. BoNT was less cost-effective than first-line therapies such as minoxidil, with session costs approximately 37 times higher. Intramuscular injection appeared more effective than intradermal injection, possibly due to scalp muscle relaxation and vascular decompression. BoNT generally had a mild safety profile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Currently, BoNT lacks robust evidence to replace traditional treatments for AGA. Future research should focus on establishing standardized dosing protocols, conducting large-scale, long-term RCTs, and integrating molecular biomarkers to improve understanding and optimize the clinical use of BoNT in AGA management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.03.002
Shenying Luo , Hsin Liang , Bin Gu, Tao Zan, Jieyi Ren
Background
Scar contractions caused by hand burns seriously impact both the function and appearance of the hand. Consequently, post-burn hand reconstruction is a primary focus of secondary reconstructive surgery performed within the first 10 years after a burn injury. This study aimed to identify developmental trends and research hotspots in post-burn hand reconstruction, providing insights and recommendations for researchers.
Methods
Bibliometric and visualization analyses were conducted using CiteSpace v6.4. R1 (64-bit) and VOS viewer. The Web of Science Core Collection served as the data source. A total of 136 articles between 1997 and 2025 were included based on the following keywords: “postburn hand reconstruction” or “postburn hand” or “scar contraction hand deformity.”
Results
The field of post-burn hand reconstruction is advancing, as indicated by the overall and annual increase in publications. The United States leads in number of published papers. However, major institutions show low centrality, indicating weak collaboration between countries and regions, with research still dominated by single-center studies. The top three most prolific authors were Paul P M van Zuijlen, Fatih Uyghur, and Ersin Uyghur. The keywords “double Z-plasty” and the cluster “flap” not only have high emergence intensity but also appear frequently in recent studies, marking them as current research hotspots.
Conclusion
The lack of long-term research and consensus limits further advancements in post-burn hand reconstruction. To address this, multi-center and multi-disciplinary collaborations should be encouraged. Additionally, integrating basic medical research with biomedical engineering could enhance the management and outcomes of post-burn hand reconstruction.
手烧伤引起的疤痕收缩严重影响手的功能和外观。因此，烧伤后手部重建是烧伤后10年内进行二次重建手术的主要焦点。本研究旨在确定烧伤后手部重建的发展趋势和研究热点，为研究者提供见解和建议。方法采用CiteSpace v6.4进行文献计量学分析和可视化分析。R1（64位）和VOS查看器。Web of Science核心合集作为数据来源。1997年至2025年间，基于以下关键词：“烧伤后手部重建”或“烧伤后手部”或“疤痕收缩手部畸形”，共纳入136篇文章。结果烧伤后手部重建领域不断发展，相关文献逐年增加。美国发表的论文数量居世界首位。但主要研究机构的中心性较低，表明国家和地区之间的合作较弱，研究仍以单中心研究为主。前三位最多产的作家是Paul P M van Zuijlen， Fatih Uyghur和Ersin Uyghur。“双z形”和集群“皮瓣”这两个关键词不仅出现强度高，而且在近年来的研究中频繁出现，是当前的研究热点。结论缺乏长期的研究和共识限制了烧伤后手部重建的进一步发展。为解决这一问题，应鼓励多中心、多学科合作。此外，将基础医学研究与生物医学工程相结合，可以提高烧伤后手部重建的管理水平和效果。
{"title":"A bibliometric and visual analysis of postburn hand reconstruction","authors":"Shenying Luo , Hsin Liang , Bin Gu, Tao Zan, Jieyi Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Scar contractions caused by hand burns seriously impact both the function and appearance of the hand. Consequently, post-burn hand reconstruction is a primary focus of secondary reconstructive surgery performed within the first 10 years after a burn injury. This study aimed to identify developmental trends and research hotspots in post-burn hand reconstruction, providing insights and recommendations for researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bibliometric and visualization analyses were conducted using CiteSpace v6.4. R1 (64-bit) and VOS viewer. The Web of Science Core Collection served as the data source. A total of 136 articles between 1997 and 2025 were included based on the following keywords: “postburn hand reconstruction” or “postburn hand” or “scar contraction hand deformity.”</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The field of post-burn hand reconstruction is advancing, as indicated by the overall and annual increase in publications. The United States leads in number of published papers. However, major institutions show low centrality, indicating weak collaboration between countries and regions, with research still dominated by single-center studies. The top three most prolific authors were Paul P M van Zuijlen, Fatih Uyghur, and Ersin Uyghur. The keywords “double Z-plasty” and the cluster “flap” not only have high emergence intensity but also appear frequently in recent studies, marking them as current research hotspots.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The lack of long-term research and consensus limits further advancements in post-burn hand reconstruction. To address this, multi-center and multi-disciplinary collaborations should be encouraged. Additionally, integrating basic medical research with biomedical engineering could enhance the management and outcomes of post-burn hand reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.03.001
Ming Chin Lim, Ahmad Sukari Halim
Background
Numerous reconstruction methods have been developed for myelomeningocele defects; however, no published reports have been published on the preferred reconstruction method in Malaysia. This study reviewed reconstruction techniques and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele at our center.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on reconstruction methods and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele referred to the Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, for wound coverage from to 1997–2023. Data on patient demographics, defect size, reconstruction methods, operation duration, flap-related complications, and secondary repairs were collected and analyzed.
Results
Thirteen patients were identified in this retrospective study, comprising 5 female patients, 7 male patients, and 1 ambiguous gender patient. Wound closures were performed using primary closure method, local flaps, or regional flap closure. Nine (69.2%) of the thirteen patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction using the local flap, three (23.1%) underwent primary closure, and only one (7.7%) patient underwent wound closure with a regional flap. Flap-related complications were observed in four of the thirteen patients, including wound breakdown in two cases and partial flap necrosis in two cases. Of these four patients, secondary repair was required in three: split-thickness skin grafting was performed in two, and primary closure in one. The remaining patient was managed conservatively with dressings. Patients were followed up for a mean duration of 56.6 (±62.4) months, and complete healing was achieved in all cases.
Conclusion
Myelomeningocele repair remains challenging, and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. We demonstrated various local and regional flap closure methods with good outcomes. Reconstruction techniques should be tailored for individual cases based to the surgeon expertise.
{"title":"Two decades of myelomeningocele defect reconstruction: Insights and outcomes from a single center","authors":"Ming Chin Lim, Ahmad Sukari Halim","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous reconstruction methods have been developed for myelomeningocele defects; however, no published reports have been published on the preferred reconstruction method in Malaysia. This study reviewed reconstruction techniques and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele at our center.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted on reconstruction methods and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele referred to the Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, for wound coverage from to 1997–2023. Data on patient demographics, defect size, reconstruction methods, operation duration, flap-related complications, and secondary repairs were collected and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen patients were identified in this retrospective study, comprising 5 female patients, 7 male patients, and 1 ambiguous gender patient. Wound closures were performed using primary closure method, local flaps, or regional flap closure. Nine (69.2%) of the thirteen patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction using the local flap, three (23.1%) underwent primary closure, and only one (7.7%) patient underwent wound closure with a regional flap. Flap-related complications were observed in four of the thirteen patients, including wound breakdown in two cases and partial flap necrosis in two cases. Of these four patients, secondary repair was required in three: split-thickness skin grafting was performed in two, and primary closure in one. The remaining patient was managed conservatively with dressings. Patients were followed up for a mean duration of 56.6 (±62.4) months, and complete healing was achieved in all cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Myelomeningocele repair remains challenging, and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. We demonstrated various local and regional flap closure methods with good outcomes. Reconstruction techniques should be tailored for individual cases based to the surgeon expertise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号