Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.104016
P. M. Mohan, V. Swathi
As per the Essential Climate Variables (ESV) of World Meterological Organisation (WMO), the physical, chemical and biological variables critically contribute to the earth’s climate. Among them, the variables such as temperature and pH in the marine environment may affect seriously and in turn it has an impact on the biota, especially in the intertidal environment, where it has brunt force. According to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the datasets should provide the empirical evidence needed to predict the climate change and evoluate the mitigation and adaptation measures. Under this context, a review was carried out to know what extent marine scientists understand this factor and what level the biodiversity was evoluated and its impact was analysed in this article. Based on the existing literature review, it was understood that only a few groups that also only few species from these groups were studied in this aspect. The remaining groups and their species and their basic trophic were not evolved in this aspect. So, the marine scientific community, environmentalist and policy makers should take stock on this aspect and give thrust on this study.
{"title":"Intertidal Biodiversity and Their Response to Climatic Variables, Temperature and pH—What We Know","authors":"P. M. Mohan, V. Swathi","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.104016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.104016","url":null,"abstract":"As per the Essential Climate Variables (ESV) of \u0000World Meterological Organisation (WMO), \u0000the physical, chemical and biological \u0000variables critically contribute to the earth’s climate. Among them, the \u0000variables such as temperature and pH in the marine environment may affect \u0000seriously and in turn it has an impact on \u0000the biota, especially in the intertidal environment, where it has brunt force. \u0000According to United Nations Framework \u0000Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), \u0000the datasets should provide the empirical evidence needed to predict the climate change and evoluate the mitigation and adaptation measures. Under this context, \u0000a review was carried out to know what extent marine scientists understand this factor and what level the biodiversity was \u0000evoluated and its impact was analysed in this article. Based on the existing \u0000literature review, it was understood that only a few groups that also only few species from these groups were studied in \u0000this aspect. The remaining groups and their \u0000species and their basic trophic were not \u0000evolved in this aspect. So, the marine \u0000scientific community, environmentalist and \u0000policy makers should take stock on this \u0000aspect and give thrust on this study.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41395031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.104020
C. Jeeva, P. Mohan, P. Ragavan, V. Muruganantham
Kinorhyncha is exclusively marine, holobenthic, free-living, meiofaunal species found in all marine habitats in the world. However, information on geographical distribution and taxonomical distributional status of Kinorhyncha are needed further understanding. This research article presents a compiled, up-to-date checklist of the Phylum Kinorhyncha based on bibliographical survey and revision of taxon names. Present checklist of this phylum comprises 271 species belonging to 30 genera and 13 families. The families are distributed under three orders, Echinorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Kentrorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Xenosomata Zelinka, 1907. Among the 271 valid species, in the last five years 82 new species emerged, two new orders and three families were described. It also includes nine new genera. This checklist could serve as a valuable tool to encourage comparison of inter and intraregional research on Kinorhyncha as well as it can be used as baseline data for future taxonomical revision.
Kinorhyncha是一种独特的海洋、全底栖、自由生活的小型动物物种，分布在世界上所有的海洋栖息地。然而，关于金龟子的地理分布和分类分布状况的信息还需要进一步了解。本文在文献调查和分类单元名称修订的基础上，编制了一份最新的Kinorhyncha门名录。该门目前的清单包括13科30属271种。这些科分布在三个目下，Echinorhagata Sorensen等人2015，Kentrorhagata Sorensen et al.2015，Xenosmata Zelinka，1907。在271个有效物种中，在过去五年中出现了82个新种，包括两个新目和三个科。它还包括九个新属。该清单可作为一个有价值的工具，鼓励对Kinorhyncha的区域间和区域内研究进行比较，并可作为未来分类修订的基线数据。
{"title":"A Review on Taxonomy of Phylum Kinorhyncha","authors":"C. Jeeva, P. Mohan, P. Ragavan, V. Muruganantham","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.104020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.104020","url":null,"abstract":"Kinorhyncha is exclusively marine, \u0000holobenthic, free-living, meiofaunal species found in all marine habitats in \u0000the world. However, information on geographical distribution and taxonomical \u0000distributional status of Kinorhyncha are needed further understanding. This \u0000research article presents a compiled, up-to-date checklist of the Phylum \u0000Kinorhyncha based on bibliographical survey and revision of taxon names. \u0000Present checklist of this phylum comprises 271 species belonging to 30 genera \u0000and 13 families. The families are distributed under three orders, Echinorhagata \u0000Sorensen et al. 2015, Kentrorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Xenosomata Zelinka, \u00001907. Among the 271 valid species, in the last five years 82 new species \u0000emerged, two new orders and three families were described. It also includes \u0000nine new genera. This checklist could serve as a valuable tool to encourage \u0000comparison of inter and intraregional research on Kinorhyncha as well as it \u0000can be used as baseline data for future taxonomical revision.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.104018
Hernandez-Villasana Carlos Samuel, Barjau-González Emelio, Lopez-Sanchez Juan Manuel, Armenta-Quintana José Angel, Suárez-Villavicencio Jaime
There has been an increase of community studies that incorporate the use of functional diversity indices. The incorporation of these indices in the analysis of marine communities is recent, however, could contribute with relevant information about the health of those communities. The lagoon of La Paz is a body of water located in La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico. Despite its regional importance, there are not recent studies about its fish communities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the temporal and spatial structure of the functional diversity of fish communities associated to soft bottoms, from August 2016 to July 2017, as well as important environmental variables. Functional diversity indices showed significant differences between months. Spatial analysis did not show significant differences perhaps due to low variability of the type of substrate. Temperature showed temporal differences as well. Therefore, temperature may be a limiting environmental variable for many fish species inhabiting coastal lagoons.
{"title":"Functional Diversity of the Fish Community Associated to Soft-Bottoms in the Lagoon of La Paz B.C.S., México","authors":"Hernandez-Villasana Carlos Samuel, Barjau-González Emelio, Lopez-Sanchez Juan Manuel, Armenta-Quintana José Angel, Suárez-Villavicencio Jaime","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.104018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.104018","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increase of community \u0000studies that incorporate the use of functional diversity indices. The \u0000incorporation of these indices in the analysis of marine communities is \u0000recent, however, could contribute with relevant information about the health of \u0000those communities. The lagoon of La Paz is a body of water located in La Paz, \u0000B.C.S., Mexico. Despite its regional importance, there are not recent studies \u0000about its fish communities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to \u0000analyze the temporal and spatial structure of the functional diversity of fish \u0000communities associated to soft bottoms, from August 2016 to July 2017, as well \u0000as important environmental variables. Functional diversity indices showed significant \u0000differences between months. Spatial analysis did not show significant \u0000differences perhaps due to low variability of the type of substrate. \u0000Temperature showed temporal differences as well. Therefore, temperature may be \u0000a limiting environmental variable for many fish species inhabiting coastal \u0000lagoons.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47635572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.103011
N. A. Aziz, A. Ghazali, K. Yunus, Z. F. Annual, A. Ahmad, O. M. Chuan
In Terengganu, Longtail tuna or Thunnus tonggol is one of the most popular marine fishes landed by fishermen and has a high demand among customers. This species often served with a unique local delicacy called Nasi Dagang and Ikan Singgang, one of the favourite meals during breakfast by local communities. Since people have always consumed this species, therefore this study aims to identify the consumption rate of this species among Terengganu people. Specifically, this survey data obtained from 124 respondents, ages ranged from 15 to 60 years old from five districts in Terengganu, including Besut, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Hulu Terengganu, and Kemaman. Generally, the estimated amount of this species consumption is 239.7 g per person and 1.83 times per week. From the formula calculated, the amount of this species consumed by one person is 437.4 g/person/week. This value can use to calculate the permissible tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) to estimate the intake of pollutants, such as heavy metals in the human body.
{"title":"Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) Consumption Frequency in Terengganu, Malaysia","authors":"N. A. Aziz, A. Ghazali, K. Yunus, Z. F. Annual, A. Ahmad, O. M. Chuan","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.103011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.103011","url":null,"abstract":"In Terengganu, Longtail tuna or Thunnus tonggol is one of the most popular marine fishes landed by \u0000fishermen and has a high demand among customers. This species often served with \u0000a unique local delicacy called Nasi \u0000Dagang and Ikan Singgang, one of \u0000the favourite meals during breakfast by local communities. Since people have \u0000always consumed this species, therefore this study aims to identify the \u0000consumption rate of this species among Terengganu people. Specifically, this \u0000survey data obtained from 124 respondents, ages ranged from 15 to 60 years old \u0000from five districts in Terengganu, including Besut, Kuala Nerus, Kuala \u0000Terengganu, Hulu Terengganu, and Kemaman. Generally, the estimated amount of \u0000this species consumption is 239.7 g per person and 1.83 times per week. From \u0000the formula calculated, the amount of this species consumed by one person is \u0000437.4 g/person/week. This value can use to calculate the permissible tolerable \u0000weekly intake (PTWI) to estimate the intake of pollutants, such as heavy metals \u0000in the human body.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48116271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.103010
V. Bouchet, L. Seuront
The contribution of benthic foraminifera to sediment bioturbation has widely been overlooked despite their huge abundance in intertidal soft sediments. In this preliminary study, we specifically chose to focus on two key species of benthic foraminifera in temperate intertidal mudflats, Quinqueloculina seminula and Ammonia tepida, and first experimentally investigated their individual movements at the sediment surface. We subsequently derived from these observations the individual-level surface sediment reworking rates, and used the actual abundance of these species to extrapolate these rates at the population level. Individual surface sediment reworking rates SSRRi ranged between 0.13 and 0.32 cm2·ind-1·day-1 for Q. seminula, and between 0.12 and 0.28 cm2·ind-1·day-1 for A. tepida. Population-level surface sediment reworking rates were subsequently estimated as ranging between 11,484 and 28,710 cm2·m-2·day-1 for Q. seminula and 27,876 and 65,044 cm2·m-2·day-1 for A. tepida. Noticeably, these reworking rates are comparable to, and eventually even higher than, the rates reported in the literature for populations of intertidal macro-invertebrates, such as the annelid polychaete Melinna palmata and the bivalve Abra ovata. Taken together these results suggest that despite their minute size intertidal benthic foraminifera are, thanks to their abundance, non-negligible contributors to the reworking of surface sediment, and may then play an unanticipated role in the benthic ecosystem functioning, through e.g. the enhancement of fluxes at the sediment-water interface.
{"title":"Strength May Lie in Numbers: Intertidal Foraminifera Non-Negligible Contribution to Surface Sediment Reworking","authors":"V. Bouchet, L. Seuront","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.103010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.103010","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of benthic foraminifera to sediment \u0000bioturbation has widely been overlooked despite their huge abundance in \u0000intertidal soft sediments. In this preliminary study, we specifically chose to \u0000focus on two key species of benthic foraminifera in temperate intertidal \u0000mudflats, Quinqueloculina seminula and Ammonia tepida, and \u0000first experimentally investigated their individual movements at the sediment \u0000surface. We subsequently derived from these observations the individual-level \u0000surface sediment reworking rates, and used the actual abundance of these \u0000species to extrapolate these rates at the population level. Individual surface \u0000sediment reworking rates SSRRi ranged between 0.13 and 0.32 cm2·ind-1·day-1 for Q. seminula, and between 0.12 and 0.28 cm2·ind-1·day-1 for A. tepida. Population-level surface sediment reworking rates were \u0000subsequently estimated as ranging between 11,484 and 28,710 cm2·m-2·day-1 for Q. seminula and 27,876 and 65,044 cm2·m-2·day-1 for A. tepida. Noticeably, these reworking rates are comparable to, and \u0000eventually even higher than, the rates reported in the literature for \u0000populations of intertidal macro-invertebrates, such as the annelid polychaete Melinna \u0000palmata and the bivalve Abra ovata. Taken together these \u0000results suggest that despite their minute size intertidal benthic foraminifera \u0000are, thanks to their abundance, non-negligible contributors to the reworking of \u0000surface sediment, and may then play an unanticipated role in the benthic \u0000ecosystem functioning, through e.g. the enhancement of fluxes at the \u0000sediment-water interface.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42880599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.103012
Tai-jin Kim
“High nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)” regions were created by locking iron into sedimentary iron sulfides with hydrogen sulfide available from volcanic eruptions in surrounding oceans. Appropriate locations and deployment methods for the iron fertilization were far from volcanoes, earthquakes and boundaries of tectonic plates to reduce the chance of iron-locking by volcanic sulfur compounds. The appropriate locations for the large-scale iron fertilization are proposed as Shag Rocks in South Georgia and the Bransfield Strait in Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean due to their high momentum flux causing efficient iron deployment. The iron (Fe) replete compounds, consisting of natural clay, volcanic ash, agar, N2-fixing mucilaginous cyanobacteria, carbon black, biodegradable plastic foamed polylactic acid, fine wood chip, and iron-reducing marine bacterium, are deployed in the ocean to stay within a surface depth of 100 m for phytoplankton digestion. The deployment method of Fe-replete composite with a duration of at least several years for the successful iron fertilization, is configured to be on the streamline of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). This will result in high momentum flux for its efficient dispersion on the ocean surface where diatom, copepods, krill and humpback whale stay together (~100 m). Humpback whales are proposed as a biomarker for the successful iron fertilization in large-scale since humpback whales feed on krill, which in turn feed on cockpods and diatoms. The successful large-scale iron fertilization may be indicated by the return of the humpback whales if they could not be found for a long period before the iron fertilization. On-line monitoring for the successful iron fertilization focuses on the simultaneous changes of the following two groups; the increase concentration group (chlorophyll, O2, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Di Methyl Sulfide (DMS)) and the decrease concentration group (nitrate, phosphate, silicate, CO2, Dissolved CO2 (DCO2)). The monitoring of chlorophyll-a, nitrate phosphate, and silicate concentrations after deploying the Fe-replete complex is carried out throughout the day and night for the accurate measurement of algal blooms.
{"title":"Appropriate Location and Deployment Method for Successful Iron Fertilization","authors":"Tai-jin Kim","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.103012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.103012","url":null,"abstract":"“High \u0000nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)” regions were created by locking iron into \u0000sedimentary iron sulfides with hydrogen sulfide available from volcanic \u0000eruptions in surrounding oceans. Appropriate locations and deployment methods \u0000for the iron fertilization were far from volcanoes, earthquakes and boundaries \u0000of tectonic plates to reduce the chance of iron-locking by volcanic sulfur \u0000compounds. The appropriate locations for the large-scale iron fertilization are \u0000proposed as Shag Rocks in South Georgia and the Bransfield Strait in Drake \u0000Passage in the Southern Ocean due to their high momentum flux causing efficient \u0000iron deployment. The iron (Fe) replete compounds, consisting of natural clay, \u0000volcanic ash, agar, N2-fixing mucilaginous cyanobacteria, carbon \u0000black, biodegradable plastic foamed polylactic acid, fine wood chip, and \u0000iron-reducing marine bacterium, are deployed in the ocean to stay within a \u0000surface depth of 100 m for phytoplankton digestion. The deployment method of Fe-replete \u0000composite with a duration of at least several years for the successful iron \u0000fertilization, is configured to be on the streamline of the Antarctic \u0000Circumpolar Current (ACC). This will result in high momentum flux for its \u0000efficient dispersion on the ocean surface where diatom, copepods, krill and \u0000humpback whale stay together (~100 m). \u0000Humpback whales are proposed as a biomarker for the successful iron \u0000fertilization in large-scale since humpback whales feed on krill, which in turn \u0000feed on cockpods and diatoms. The successful large-scale iron fertilization may \u0000be indicated by the return of the humpback whales if they could not be found \u0000for a long period before the iron fertilization. On-line monitoring for the \u0000successful iron fertilization focuses on the simultaneous changes of the \u0000following two groups; the increase concentration group (chlorophyll, O2, \u0000Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Di Methyl Sulfide (DMS)) and the decrease concentration \u0000group (nitrate, phosphate, silicate, CO2, Dissolved CO2 (DCO2)). The monitoring of chlorophyll-a, nitrate phosphate, and silicate concentrations after deploying \u0000the Fe-replete complex is carried out throughout the day and night for the \u0000accurate measurement of algal blooms.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.103008
Barry J. Hanson, Jacob L. Davis, J. Voorhees, Nathan Huysman, M. E. Barnes
Two hundred and forty-three juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ranging from 73 to 119 mm were implanted with 8, 9, or 10 mm Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, with tag retention and fish survival observed for 343 days. Similarly, 173 brown trout Salmo trutta ranging from 71 to 86 mm were implanted with 8 or 10 mm PIT tags and observed for 293 days. Over the entire duration of the study, rainbow trout ejected only six tags, while no tags were ejected from the brown trout. All of the rainbow trout tag ejections occurred before 50 days post-tagging. There was no significant difference in the length or weight of fish that ejected tags compared to those that retained tags. No fish died during the trials. These results indicate that rainbow trout and brown trout at the sizes used in this study can be safely implanted with, and subsequently retain, up to 10 mm PIT tags for durations of nearly one year.
{"title":"Long-Term Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) Tag Retention in Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout","authors":"Barry J. Hanson, Jacob L. Davis, J. Voorhees, Nathan Huysman, M. E. Barnes","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.103008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.103008","url":null,"abstract":"Two hundred and forty-three juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ranging from 73 to 119 mm were implanted with 8, 9, or 10 mm \u0000Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, with tag retention and fish survival \u0000observed for 343 days. Similarly, 173 brown trout Salmo trutta ranging from 71 to 86 mm were implanted with 8 or 10 \u0000mm PIT tags and observed for 293 days. Over the entire duration of the study, \u0000rainbow trout ejected only six tags, while no tags were ejected from the brown \u0000trout. All of the rainbow trout tag ejections occurred before 50 days \u0000post-tagging. There was no significant difference in the length or weight of \u0000fish that ejected tags compared to those that retained tags. No fish died \u0000during the trials. These results indicate that rainbow trout and brown trout at \u0000the sizes used in this study can be safely implanted with, and subsequently retain, \u0000up to 10 mm PIT tags for durations of nearly one year.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.103007
M. O’Shea, Jimmy Murphy
Numerical modelling of coastal morphology is a complex and sometimes unrewarding exercise and often not yielding tangible results. Typically, the underlying drivers of morphology are not properly accounted for in numerical models. Such inaccuracies combined with a paucity of validation data create a difficulty for coastal planners/engineers who are required to interpret such morphological models to develop coastal management strategies. This study develops an approach to long term morphological modelling of a barrier beach system that includes the findings of over 10 years of coastal monitoring on a dynamic coastal system. The novel approach to predicting the long term evolution of the area combines a mix of short term hydrodynamic monitoring and long term morphological modelling to predict future changes in a breached barrier system. A coupled wave, wind, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model was used to predict the coastal evolution in the dynamic barrier beach system of Inner Dingle Bay, Co. Kerry, Ireland. The modelling approach utilizes the schematisation of inputs to reflect observed trends. The approach is subject to two stages of validation both quantitative and qualitative. The study highlights the importance of considering all the parameters responsible for driving coastal evolution and the necessity to have long term monitoring results for trend based validation.
{"title":"Developing a Process Driven Morphological Model for Long Term Evolution of a Dynamic Coastal Embayment","authors":"M. O’Shea, Jimmy Murphy","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.103007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.103007","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical modelling of coastal morphology is a complex and sometimes \u0000unrewarding exercise and often not yielding tangible results. Typically, the \u0000underlying drivers of morphology are not properly accounted for in numerical \u0000models. Such inaccuracies combined with a paucity of validation data create a \u0000difficulty for coastal planners/engineers who are required to interpret such \u0000morphological models to develop coastal management strategies. This study \u0000develops an approach to long term morphological modelling of a barrier beach system \u0000that includes the findings of over 10 years of coastal monitoring on a dynamic \u0000coastal system. The novel approach to predicting the long term evolution of the \u0000area combines a mix of short term hydrodynamic monitoring and long term \u0000morphological modelling to predict future changes in a breached barrier system. \u0000A coupled wave, wind, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model was \u0000used to predict the coastal evolution in the dynamic barrier beach system of \u0000Inner Dingle Bay, Co. Kerry, Ireland. The modelling approach utilizes the \u0000schematisation of inputs to reflect observed trends. The approach is subject to \u0000two stages of validation both quantitative and qualitative. The study \u0000highlights the importance of considering all the parameters responsible for \u0000driving coastal evolution and the necessity to have long term monitoring \u0000results for trend based validation.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48559012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.102004
A. H. Aberrhaman, B. Bouhaddioui, L. A. Lrhorfi, R. Bengueddour
Phytoplankton is all cyanobacteria and microalgae (microscopic plants) present in surface water that may be carried by water currents. The study was conducted at two oceanic sites Mehdia and Moulay Bousselham, Rabat sale Kenitra region, Morocco, between 2017 and 2018. The objective of this study is to compare the spatiotemporal evolution of certain toxic planktonic species between the two sites. The planktonic species identified all have toxic potency but to varying degrees such as Alexandrium, Dinophysis, Gymnodinum, Pseudonitzschia and Proocentrum. The comparison of the abundance of these taxa in the two sites confirms that the Moulay Bousselham site is characterized by the presence of the most toxic planktonic species represented mainly by Pseudonitzschia in contrast the Mehdia site experienced an abundance of the Proocentrum kind. This situation requires a more detailed study of the essential causes of the proliferation of these species.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Study of Toxic and Harmful Planktonic Taxa at Two Oceanic Sites Mehdia and Moulay Bousselham, Rabat Sale Kenitra Region, Morocco, between 2017 and 2018","authors":"A. H. Aberrhaman, B. Bouhaddioui, L. A. Lrhorfi, R. Bengueddour","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.102004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.102004","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton is all cyanobacteria and microalgae (microscopic plants) present in surface water that may be carried by water currents. The study was conducted at two oceanic sites Mehdia and Moulay Bousselham, Rabat sale Kenitra region, Morocco, between 2017 and 2018. The objective of this study is to compare the spatiotemporal evolution of certain toxic planktonic species between the two sites. The planktonic species identified all have toxic potency but to varying degrees such as Alexandrium, Dinophysis, Gymnodinum, Pseudonitzschia and Proocentrum. The comparison of the abundance of these taxa in the two sites confirms that the Moulay Bousselham site is characterized by the presence of the most toxic planktonic species represented mainly by Pseudonitzschia in contrast the Mehdia site experienced an abundance of the Proocentrum kind. This situation requires a more detailed study of the essential causes of the proliferation of these species.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44893709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.102005
O. Faggioni
Starting from the end of the 90s not perodic and unpredictable variations in the depth of harbor waters were observed. Long period (from 24 hours to a few days) and wide amplitude are their main features. Experience showed that this phenomenon is a risk for harbor navigation and mooring. It may be a serious obstacle to waterside port activities. The first observation of the data does not link the super-highs and the super-dry tides to the meteorological dynamic of sea-atmosphere interaction (i.e. Storm Effect). More, the attempt to compensate for these sea depth fluctuations by means of the well-known offshore hydrobarometric inverse parameter (1 [cm] sea level variation for ǃ [hPa] atmospheric pressure variation) underestimates the amplitude of the phenomenon. In the first years of 2000, the Italian Ministry of Transport launched a national project for the definition of thee-amplitude and time of these tidal anomalous waves. The measure of harbors hydrobarometric inverse factors showed a much more intense value than the theoretical one (computed for the offshore). These amplification factors are characteristic of each harbor and can be double (in exceptional cases even more) than offshore. The delay between the arrival times of these tidal waves (induced phenomenon) respect to the time of arrival of the atmospheric pressure variation (inducing phenomenon) depends on 1) morphology of the port basin sea floor and 2) harbor and off-shre water dynamics relationship (first approximation). For these reasons the hydro barometric inverse parameter is not effectiveness computable but it can be determined statistically.
{"title":"Measurement and Forecasting of Port Tide Hydrostatic Component in North Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy)","authors":"O. Faggioni","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.102005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.102005","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the end of the 90s not perodic and unpredictable variations in the depth of harbor waters were observed. Long period (from 24 hours to a few days) and wide amplitude are their main features. Experience showed that this phenomenon is a risk for harbor navigation and mooring. It may be a serious obstacle to waterside port activities. The first observation of the data does not link the super-highs and the super-dry tides to the meteorological dynamic of sea-atmosphere interaction (i.e. Storm Effect). More, the attempt to compensate for these sea depth fluctuations by means of the well-known offshore hydrobarometric inverse parameter (1 [cm] sea level variation for ǃ [hPa] atmospheric pressure variation) underestimates the amplitude of the phenomenon. In the first years of 2000, the Italian Ministry of Transport launched a national project for the definition of thee-amplitude and time of these tidal anomalous waves. The measure of harbors hydrobarometric inverse factors showed a much more intense value than the theoretical one (computed for the offshore). These amplification factors are characteristic of each harbor and can be double (in exceptional cases even more) than offshore. The delay between the arrival times of these tidal waves (induced phenomenon) respect to the time of arrival of the atmospheric pressure variation (inducing phenomenon) depends on 1) morphology of the port basin sea floor and 2) harbor and off-shre water dynamics relationship (first approximation). For these reasons the hydro barometric inverse parameter is not effectiveness computable but it can be determined statistically.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42393717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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