Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635713
A. Dubey, S. Chakrabarti, A. Sharma, N. Panigrahy
Real-time monitoring of system behavior is an integral part of modern power system operation and control. With the increasing demand, it is becoming critical and very essential to monitor system states for quick decisions to prevent the cascading blackout. Availability of phasor measurement units (PMUs) has been proven a cornerstone for real-time monitoring of the system at some of the specific locations, where these devices are placed. However, higher cost and required communication infrastructure limit the placement of PMUs at some optimal places only. Although many research works have been done for PMU based linear state estimator (LSE), online implementation and validation of various estimation algorithms at control centers are yet to be fully established. This paper presents the systematic procedure of digital simulation in the OPAL-RT HYPERSIM, generation of the IEEE C.37-118 protocol compliant synchronized measurements, and validation of state estimation algorithms in the real-time environment.
{"title":"Real-time Implementation of Synchrophasor Based Linear State Estimator in OPAL-RT HYPERSIM","authors":"A. Dubey, S. Chakrabarti, A. Sharma, N. Panigrahy","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635713","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time monitoring of system behavior is an integral part of modern power system operation and control. With the increasing demand, it is becoming critical and very essential to monitor system states for quick decisions to prevent the cascading blackout. Availability of phasor measurement units (PMUs) has been proven a cornerstone for real-time monitoring of the system at some of the specific locations, where these devices are placed. However, higher cost and required communication infrastructure limit the placement of PMUs at some optimal places only. Although many research works have been done for PMU based linear state estimator (LSE), online implementation and validation of various estimation algorithms at control centers are yet to be fully established. This paper presents the systematic procedure of digital simulation in the OPAL-RT HYPERSIM, generation of the IEEE C.37-118 protocol compliant synchronized measurements, and validation of state estimation algorithms in the real-time environment.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76055090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635724
A. K. Pandey, S. Shahabuddin, Jesbains Kaur, R. Saidur, M. Ahmad, Nasrudin Abd. Rahim, Sahar Tariq
Natural dye sensitized solar cells due to their ease in fabrication and non-toxicity are of great interest in the field of energy conversion. In this study, three plants (a) Eugenia oleina (b) Muntingia calabura (c) Buxus sinica var (boxwood) have been selected due to their abundance in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Isopropyle alcohol has been utilized to extract the natural dye pigments from the falling leaves of these plants. Cocktail of these natural extract has also been investigated which displayed highest efficiency due to high light absorption ability. Another objective of this study is to use the spent leaves after extraction of dyeas fuel for heating purposes. The gross calorific value (GCV) has been measured using bomb calorimeter. The GCV values of individual and combined spent leaves were almost the same with very little difference. The maximum GCV value displayed by pellets prepared by spent leaves of Muntingia calabura was 16.84KJ/g.
{"title":"Preparation of Fuel Pellets and Extraction of Natural Dyesfrom Falling Leaves to be used as Sensitizer in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell","authors":"A. K. Pandey, S. Shahabuddin, Jesbains Kaur, R. Saidur, M. Ahmad, Nasrudin Abd. Rahim, Sahar Tariq","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635724","url":null,"abstract":"Natural dye sensitized solar cells due to their ease in fabrication and non-toxicity are of great interest in the field of energy conversion. In this study, three plants (a) Eugenia oleina (b) Muntingia calabura (c) Buxus sinica var (boxwood) have been selected due to their abundance in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Isopropyle alcohol has been utilized to extract the natural dye pigments from the falling leaves of these plants. Cocktail of these natural extract has also been investigated which displayed highest efficiency due to high light absorption ability. Another objective of this study is to use the spent leaves after extraction of dyeas fuel for heating purposes. The gross calorific value (GCV) has been measured using bomb calorimeter. The GCV values of individual and combined spent leaves were almost the same with very little difference. The maximum GCV value displayed by pellets prepared by spent leaves of Muntingia calabura was 16.84KJ/g.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78658854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635791
K. Suchithra, E. Gopalakrishnan
Bifurcations are the sudden qualitative transitions occurring in dynamical systems due to infinitesimal changes in the control parameters. These abrupt qualitative transitions are crucial in deciding the stable operating regime in the case of a power system. However, in the actual power system, the control parameters such as the electrical power demand, the inertia of the system, damping of the system etc. are found to vary with respect to time. In this paper, bifurcations in an electrical power system for the quasi-static and rate dependent variation of the control parameters are investigated. The canonical power system is represented by assuming a single machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB). The mathematical modeling of the canonical system is carried out by a second order swing equation model of the generator. We observe a delay in the point of transition for rate-dependent variation of the control parameter, mechanical power, Pm. We also investigate the influence of noise and sensitivity to initial conditions in rate-dependent variations of the control parameter. Our study is highly relevant as the stability regimes for the quasi-static and rate dependent variations of control parameters are different.
{"title":"Rate Dependent Transitions in Power Systems","authors":"K. Suchithra, E. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635791","url":null,"abstract":"Bifurcations are the sudden qualitative transitions occurring in dynamical systems due to infinitesimal changes in the control parameters. These abrupt qualitative transitions are crucial in deciding the stable operating regime in the case of a power system. However, in the actual power system, the control parameters such as the electrical power demand, the inertia of the system, damping of the system etc. are found to vary with respect to time. In this paper, bifurcations in an electrical power system for the quasi-static and rate dependent variation of the control parameters are investigated. The canonical power system is represented by assuming a single machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB). The mathematical modeling of the canonical system is carried out by a second order swing equation model of the generator. We observe a delay in the point of transition for rate-dependent variation of the control parameter, mechanical power, Pm. We also investigate the influence of noise and sensitivity to initial conditions in rate-dependent variations of the control parameter. Our study is highly relevant as the stability regimes for the quasi-static and rate dependent variations of control parameters are different.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81824437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635768
Dorji Wangzom
Bhutan is facing challenges at different levels of urban development process. The trend of urbanization is grossly skewed towards the western regions. The urban centers are ever expanding and the primary concerns faced by the sector are uncontrolled growth of the towns and the need to improve and sustain urban amenities and services. Most of the urban centers do not have properly planned green open spaces, parks or children’s play areas, which are amenities required to improve the living environment of the urban centers. The areas where there are urban plans, the development has deviated from the plan and Development Control Regulations (DCR) is not followed. This paper will focus on the existing urban development situation in Bhutan followed by case studies and way forward for effective implementation of the DCR.
{"title":"Development Control Regulations: Towards Effective Enforcement","authors":"Dorji Wangzom","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635768","url":null,"abstract":"Bhutan is facing challenges at different levels of urban development process. The trend of urbanization is grossly skewed towards the western regions. The urban centers are ever expanding and the primary concerns faced by the sector are uncontrolled growth of the towns and the need to improve and sustain urban amenities and services. Most of the urban centers do not have properly planned green open spaces, parks or children’s play areas, which are amenities required to improve the living environment of the urban centers. The areas where there are urban plans, the development has deviated from the plan and Development Control Regulations (DCR) is not followed. This paper will focus on the existing urban development situation in Bhutan followed by case studies and way forward for effective implementation of the DCR.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80276682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635593
A. Susastriawan, H. Saptoadi, Purnomo
The recent work investigates effect of tuyer inclination angle of 30° and 60° on the compatibility of small-scale downdraft gasifier on feedstocks of rice husk and wood sawdust. The compatibility in terms of cold gas efficiency of the gasifier are compared for both feedstocks. The results are also compared with the result for the use of horizontal tuyer. The result indicates that inclined tuyer effects temperature profile, fuel consumption rate, higher heating value gas, and cold gas efficiency. The use of inclined tuyer decreases cold gas efficiency of the gasifier. The compatibility of the gasifier on the feedstocks in terms of cold gas efficiency using inclined tuyer is lower than using horizontal tuyer. The cold gas efficiency with horizontal tuyer 0°, and inclined tuyer 30°, and 60° are 78.39%, 51.73%, and 55.30% for rice husk gasification. Meanwhile for sawdust gasification, the values are 66.36%, 42.25%, and 35.40%, respectively.
{"title":"The Use of Inclined Tuyer and Its Effect on the Compatibility of Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Rice Husk and Wood Sawdust","authors":"A. Susastriawan, H. Saptoadi, Purnomo","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635593","url":null,"abstract":"The recent work investigates effect of tuyer inclination angle of 30° and 60° on the compatibility of small-scale downdraft gasifier on feedstocks of rice husk and wood sawdust. The compatibility in terms of cold gas efficiency of the gasifier are compared for both feedstocks. The results are also compared with the result for the use of horizontal tuyer. The result indicates that inclined tuyer effects temperature profile, fuel consumption rate, higher heating value gas, and cold gas efficiency. The use of inclined tuyer decreases cold gas efficiency of the gasifier. The compatibility of the gasifier on the feedstocks in terms of cold gas efficiency using inclined tuyer is lower than using horizontal tuyer. The cold gas efficiency with horizontal tuyer 0°, and inclined tuyer 30°, and 60° are 78.39%, 51.73%, and 55.30% for rice husk gasification. Meanwhile for sawdust gasification, the values are 66.36%, 42.25%, and 35.40%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74559069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635687
Arjun C. Unni, W. Ongsakul, Raja Nivedha R, Shubham Tiwari
The energy matrix of every country in the world is more and more occupied by the Renewable Energy Sources(RES). Since the power output from renewable energy sources are depended on the weather conditions it is difficult to depend on a single source for a reliable power delivery. Wind and solar data of three cities in India is collected and an optimal portfolio is developed using modern portfolio theory.
{"title":"Optimizing Generation Mix using Markovitz mean-Variance Theory","authors":"Arjun C. Unni, W. Ongsakul, Raja Nivedha R, Shubham Tiwari","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635687","url":null,"abstract":"The energy matrix of every country in the world is more and more occupied by the Renewable Energy Sources(RES). Since the power output from renewable energy sources are depended on the weather conditions it is difficult to depend on a single source for a reliable power delivery. Wind and solar data of three cities in India is collected and an optimal portfolio is developed using modern portfolio theory.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75039524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635733
Arkom Pasilo, Umpaisak Teeboonma
The main objective of this work was to study the roofing tiles products are manufactured from agricultural residues. The agricultural residues in this work are kenaf fiber, corn cob fiber and water hyacinth fiber. Urea formaldehyde resin adhesive was selected as the binder. The properties of study were physical based on JIS A 5908-2003, mechanical based on TIS 535-2540 and ASTM D 256-2006a, thermal conductivity based on ASTM C 117-2010 and SEM technique was used to investigate the microstructural characteristics. Consequently, Also, this work shows a compared to the properties of commercial roofing tiles in Thailand. The study results revealed that physical, mechanical, thermal conductivity and microstructural characteristics of the roofing tiles product are accordance with the standard test requirements. Finally, it was found that the roofing tiles product properties manufactured from agricultural residues in this work are similar to commercial roofing tiles in Thailand.
本研究的主要目的是研究利用农业废弃物生产屋面瓦产品。本工程的农用残留物主要有红麻纤维、玉米芯纤维和水葫芦纤维。选用脲醛树脂胶粘剂作为粘结剂。根据JIS A 5908-2003进行了物理性能测试，根据TIS 535-2540和ASTM D 256-2006a进行了力学性能测试，根据ASTM C 117-2010进行了导热性能测试，并利用SEM技术研究了微观组织特征。因此，这项工作也显示了与泰国商业屋面瓦的性能相比。研究结果表明，该屋面瓦产品的物理、机械、导热、微结构等性能均符合标准试验要求。最后，本研究发现，从农业残留物中生产的屋面瓦产品性能与泰国的商业屋面瓦相似。
{"title":"A Study of the Roofing Tiles Product Properties Manufactured from Agricultural Residues","authors":"Arkom Pasilo, Umpaisak Teeboonma","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635733","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this work was to study the roofing tiles products are manufactured from agricultural residues. The agricultural residues in this work are kenaf fiber, corn cob fiber and water hyacinth fiber. Urea formaldehyde resin adhesive was selected as the binder. The properties of study were physical based on JIS A 5908-2003, mechanical based on TIS 535-2540 and ASTM D 256-2006a, thermal conductivity based on ASTM C 117-2010 and SEM technique was used to investigate the microstructural characteristics. Consequently, Also, this work shows a compared to the properties of commercial roofing tiles in Thailand. The study results revealed that physical, mechanical, thermal conductivity and microstructural characteristics of the roofing tiles product are accordance with the standard test requirements. Finally, it was found that the roofing tiles product properties manufactured from agricultural residues in this work are similar to commercial roofing tiles in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76438121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635597
M. V. Chilukuri, Masliza Mohd Dahlan, Chan Chuey Hwye
The 21st century is driven by the digital economy through the vast use of "Information and Communication Technologies". This has created the "Data Centre Business and Industry" which will continue to grow with e-commerce, mobile users, social media, internet of things, smart grid and smart cities. Data Centre’s energy consumption and energy prices (cost) are increasing due to growing demand for Information and Communication Technology and Services. Thus, it has become increasingly important to focus on energy efficiency and sustainability to stay competitive and provide better services for Data Centre operators. Energy efficiency also reduces the carbon footprint by three times as one unit (energy) saved at consumer will save 3 units (energy) at the source. In addition, Energy Efficiency supersedes the benefit of using renewable energy in reducing carbon emissions. This has led to Green ICT initiatives to enhance energy efficiency in ICT devices as well as using ICT devices. Several countries conducted Benchmarking Energy Efficiency of Data Centres, namely US (2007), EU(2010), Japan (2011), Singapore (2012), India (2012 & 2014) and Malaysia (2015) This paper presents Benchmarking Energy Efficiency in Tropical Data Centres and proposes recommendations for Data Centre Industry to stay sustainable and competitive and reduce emission.
{"title":"Benchmarking Energy Efficiency in Tropical Data Centres – Metrics and Mesurements","authors":"M. V. Chilukuri, Masliza Mohd Dahlan, Chan Chuey Hwye","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635597","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st century is driven by the digital economy through the vast use of \"Information and Communication Technologies\". This has created the \"Data Centre Business and Industry\" which will continue to grow with e-commerce, mobile users, social media, internet of things, smart grid and smart cities. Data Centre’s energy consumption and energy prices (cost) are increasing due to growing demand for Information and Communication Technology and Services. Thus, it has become increasingly important to focus on energy efficiency and sustainability to stay competitive and provide better services for Data Centre operators. Energy efficiency also reduces the carbon footprint by three times as one unit (energy) saved at consumer will save 3 units (energy) at the source. In addition, Energy Efficiency supersedes the benefit of using renewable energy in reducing carbon emissions. This has led to Green ICT initiatives to enhance energy efficiency in ICT devices as well as using ICT devices. Several countries conducted Benchmarking Energy Efficiency of Data Centres, namely US (2007), EU(2010), Japan (2011), Singapore (2012), India (2012 & 2014) and Malaysia (2015) This paper presents Benchmarking Energy Efficiency in Tropical Data Centres and proposes recommendations for Data Centre Industry to stay sustainable and competitive and reduce emission.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77111943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635739
Dorji Wangzom, Sangay Zangmo
Bhutan’s sustainable strategies strive for food self-sufficiency. Since the rapid development in the last few decades, there has been allocation of agricultural land (especially paddy fields area) for town development. Thimphu way back was a beautiful valley with paddy fields and clusters of traditional houses and now it is a city with concrete structures. The problem is aggravated as there is only very minimal arable land in the mountainous country. The agricultural lands are being converted to towns and the country import food from other countries. The food is the first step to self-sufficiency. Urbanization is inevitable but is there a way for a balanced approach of maintaining the agricultural land and urbanizing at the same time. Planning policies and approaches to create or maintain agricultural land in urban centers of the country for green urbanization will be discussed. The paper will present recommendations and suggestions for a balanced approach.
{"title":"Bhutan’s Urban Towns with Integration of Agricultural Land Use","authors":"Dorji Wangzom, Sangay Zangmo","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635739","url":null,"abstract":"Bhutan’s sustainable strategies strive for food self-sufficiency. Since the rapid development in the last few decades, there has been allocation of agricultural land (especially paddy fields area) for town development. Thimphu way back was a beautiful valley with paddy fields and clusters of traditional houses and now it is a city with concrete structures. The problem is aggravated as there is only very minimal arable land in the mountainous country. The agricultural lands are being converted to towns and the country import food from other countries. The food is the first step to self-sufficiency. Urbanization is inevitable but is there a way for a balanced approach of maintaining the agricultural land and urbanizing at the same time. Planning policies and approaches to create or maintain agricultural land in urban centers of the country for green urbanization will be discussed. The paper will present recommendations and suggestions for a balanced approach.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73664207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635730
W. Wongchai, W. Insuan, A. Promwungkwa
This article presents energy and economic analysis of Eucalyptus plantation for woodchips production as energy crop in North Thailand. The selected site was Sahacogen Green Co., Ltd. plantation area covering Lamphun and Lampang province. The investigated data of energy and economy were based on the data from experimental plantation and recorded data from the company, which included seedling, soil preparation and conditioning, cultivation, stump removal and soil recovery, harvesting and transportation. Eucalyptus plantation has been established since 2008 with a 2. 0 × 3. 0 m2 spacing. It was managed as a Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) which was first harvested at the 4th year following by 3 rotations of every 3 years. Stumps were removed, and soil recovery was counted at the end of 13th years. For biomass harvesting, saw cutting machine, tractor and Vermeer BC1000XL were used for woodchips production in the field at the end of each rotation period. Woodchips were transferred by truck to the steam power plant warehouse. The results of evaluation showed that woodchips production was characteristics of a highly efficient energy system with Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) 22.34 MJ/GJ of biomass and Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 44.76. The monetary values refer to cash inflows/outflow accomplished at the end of the cultivation period (2021) when assuming the woodchips price of 31.25 USD/t 40 wt% moisture, discount rate of 5.0% and inflation rate of 0.0% for 13 years on average indicating 1828.40 USD/ha which is equivalent to 2.46 USD/GJ. The economy of woodchips production project in terms of Net Present Values (NPV) and Internal Rates of Return (IRR) was −159.18 USD/ha and 3.94%, respectively.
{"title":"Energy and Economic Analysis of Eucalyptus Plantation for Woodchips Production in Thailand","authors":"W. Wongchai, W. Insuan, A. Promwungkwa","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635730","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents energy and economic analysis of Eucalyptus plantation for woodchips production as energy crop in North Thailand. The selected site was Sahacogen Green Co., Ltd. plantation area covering Lamphun and Lampang province. The investigated data of energy and economy were based on the data from experimental plantation and recorded data from the company, which included seedling, soil preparation and conditioning, cultivation, stump removal and soil recovery, harvesting and transportation. Eucalyptus plantation has been established since 2008 with a 2. 0 × 3. 0 m2 spacing. It was managed as a Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) which was first harvested at the 4th year following by 3 rotations of every 3 years. Stumps were removed, and soil recovery was counted at the end of 13th years. For biomass harvesting, saw cutting machine, tractor and Vermeer BC1000XL were used for woodchips production in the field at the end of each rotation period. Woodchips were transferred by truck to the steam power plant warehouse. The results of evaluation showed that woodchips production was characteristics of a highly efficient energy system with Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) 22.34 MJ/GJ of biomass and Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 44.76. The monetary values refer to cash inflows/outflow accomplished at the end of the cultivation period (2021) when assuming the woodchips price of 31.25 USD/t 40 wt% moisture, discount rate of 5.0% and inflation rate of 0.0% for 13 years on average indicating 1828.40 USD/ha which is equivalent to 2.46 USD/GJ. The economy of woodchips production project in terms of Net Present Values (NPV) and Internal Rates of Return (IRR) was −159.18 USD/ha and 3.94%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82259772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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