Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635678
Chhaina Se, V. I. Kuprianov, Pichet Ningduangdee
Pelletized cassava rhizome (base fuel) and eucalyptus bark (reburn fuel) with elevated potassium content were co-fired in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using reburning to reduce NOx emissions. Long-term co-firing tests were performed with two alternative bed materials, pure alumina sand and a mixture of alumina sand and silica sand (in equal wt.%), to mitigate bed agglomeration. All experiments were performed with constant operating parameters (total heat input to the reactor, energy share of the reburn fuel, excess air, and secondary-to-total air ratio). Physical and chemical characteristics of the bed materials and particulate matter were quantified at different time instants. The study showed weak effects of the bed material type on combustion and emission performance of the combustor. When co-firing the selected biomass fuels, high (over 99%) combustion efficiency can be achieved at about 45% NO emission reduction, as compared to firing the base fuel alone. Using the selected bed materials, bed agglomeration can be prevented in the combustor for a relatively long operating time. However, the bed materials showed time-domain changes in physiochemical characteristics and a diminishing capability to resist bed agglomeration, particularly when using a mixture of alumina and silica sand.
{"title":"Co-Firing Cassava Rhizome and Eucalyptus Bark in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor Using Reburning: Combustor Performance and Time-Related Bed Behavior","authors":"Chhaina Se, V. I. Kuprianov, Pichet Ningduangdee","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635678","url":null,"abstract":"Pelletized cassava rhizome (base fuel) and eucalyptus bark (reburn fuel) with elevated potassium content were co-fired in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using reburning to reduce NOx emissions. Long-term co-firing tests were performed with two alternative bed materials, pure alumina sand and a mixture of alumina sand and silica sand (in equal wt.%), to mitigate bed agglomeration. All experiments were performed with constant operating parameters (total heat input to the reactor, energy share of the reburn fuel, excess air, and secondary-to-total air ratio). Physical and chemical characteristics of the bed materials and particulate matter were quantified at different time instants. The study showed weak effects of the bed material type on combustion and emission performance of the combustor. When co-firing the selected biomass fuels, high (over 99%) combustion efficiency can be achieved at about 45% NO emission reduction, as compared to firing the base fuel alone. Using the selected bed materials, bed agglomeration can be prevented in the combustor for a relatively long operating time. However, the bed materials showed time-domain changes in physiochemical characteristics and a diminishing capability to resist bed agglomeration, particularly when using a mixture of alumina and silica sand.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84665286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635649
Raja Nivedha R, Jai Govind Singh, W. Ongsakul
Scheduling of generators plays a crucial role in unit commitment problem of a deregulated power market. Due to the increased variation between supply and demand, the power produced by the conventional generators is not sufficient to meet the load demand. Renewable sources are added to the system, to provide additional power to avoid the generation and load imbalances. When the power demand is met, the extra power can be sold back to the grid to yield monetary benefits. In case if, the power demand is not met by the conventional sources as well as the renewable sources, the power is drawn from the grid to meet out the demand. Two scenarios have been considered, with and without the addition of renewable penetration into the system. When renewable sources are not added to the system, the fuel cost and maintenance cost is high due to the conventional generator which supports the demand. When renewable sources are added, the fuel and maintenance is considerably reduced. In this study, renewable sources are free of cost.
{"title":"PSO based Unit Commitment of a Hybrid Microgrid System","authors":"Raja Nivedha R, Jai Govind Singh, W. Ongsakul","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635649","url":null,"abstract":"Scheduling of generators plays a crucial role in unit commitment problem of a deregulated power market. Due to the increased variation between supply and demand, the power produced by the conventional generators is not sufficient to meet the load demand. Renewable sources are added to the system, to provide additional power to avoid the generation and load imbalances. When the power demand is met, the extra power can be sold back to the grid to yield monetary benefits. In case if, the power demand is not met by the conventional sources as well as the renewable sources, the power is drawn from the grid to meet out the demand. Two scenarios have been considered, with and without the addition of renewable penetration into the system. When renewable sources are not added to the system, the fuel cost and maintenance cost is high due to the conventional generator which supports the demand. When renewable sources are added, the fuel and maintenance is considerably reduced. In this study, renewable sources are free of cost.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"383 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75522658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635717
A. Bhatt, Shubham Tiwari, W. Ongsakul
The utilization of batteries as a primary source for energy recovery and energy storage applications such as solar energy, wind energy, hybrid system and electric vehicles has been increasing rapidly now days. This paper reviews about the utilization methods of retired batteries from transportation sectors. It also describes the classification of chemical storage batteries, their characteristics, benefits and challenges while utilizing retired batteries, and some of the application aspects. The importance of retired batteries along with an integration of building block system is presented in this paper.
{"title":"A Review on Re-Utilization of Electric Vehicle’s Retired Batteries","authors":"A. Bhatt, Shubham Tiwari, W. Ongsakul","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635717","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of batteries as a primary source for energy recovery and energy storage applications such as solar energy, wind energy, hybrid system and electric vehicles has been increasing rapidly now days. This paper reviews about the utilization methods of retired batteries from transportation sectors. It also describes the classification of chemical storage batteries, their characteristics, benefits and challenges while utilizing retired batteries, and some of the application aspects. The importance of retired batteries along with an integration of building block system is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75074597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635774
H. Khoharo, Laveet Kumar, M. S. Jamali
Collective effort on energy sector mainly renewable energy, especially Wind Turbine design and development is of major concern. Nowadays, due to the energy crisis, the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) is most commonly used due to its high height. Because we can attain high wind speeds and that results in self-starting capabilities of HAWT. Nevertheless, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) titled Savonius Wind Turbines have many advantages over HAWT and Darrieus VAWT.This research aims to model, design and analyze the performance of different bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) by considering different design parameters. Different bladed Savonius type VAWT were taken as testing objects and their performance was analyzed with respect to velocity and number of blades in terms of RPM, voltages, torque, and power. The results concluded that three bladed VAWT is much better than other different bladed VAWTs.
{"title":"Modeling and Comparative Performance Analysis of Different Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)","authors":"H. Khoharo, Laveet Kumar, M. S. Jamali","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635774","url":null,"abstract":"Collective effort on energy sector mainly renewable energy, especially Wind Turbine design and development is of major concern. Nowadays, due to the energy crisis, the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) is most commonly used due to its high height. Because we can attain high wind speeds and that results in self-starting capabilities of HAWT. Nevertheless, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) titled Savonius Wind Turbines have many advantages over HAWT and Darrieus VAWT.This research aims to model, design and analyze the performance of different bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) by considering different design parameters. Different bladed Savonius type VAWT were taken as testing objects and their performance was analyzed with respect to velocity and number of blades in terms of RPM, voltages, torque, and power. The results concluded that three bladed VAWT is much better than other different bladed VAWTs.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75075147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635590
Gayashika L. Fernando, M. Liyanage, G. N. Samarasekara
This study analyzes the greenhouse gas mitigation policy options for the transport sector in Sri Lanka. It was carried out through the Asia—Pacific Integrated Assessment Model (AIM/Enduse), which is a bottom up type least cost optimization framework. A business as usual scenario and four alternative mitigation policy options were considered in this study. These policy options include two scenarios with 100 $/tonCO2, 500 $/tonCO2 carbon tax, a subsidy scenario with tax rebates for electric, hybrid vehicles and a scenario which promotes pubic transport. The results show that the transport sector energy consumption is expected to increase from 5 Mtoe in 2015 to 19.5 Mtoe in 2045. The CO2 emissions are expected to increase from 15 Mton in 2015 to 58 Mton in 2045. Out of the four scenarios, promoting public transport was most effective as it could reduce energy consumption by 52% and reduce CO2 emissions by almost 36% in 2045. At current electricity prices and other costs, electric vehicles are not found to be economical in the analysis.
{"title":"Energy and Environmental Implications of Green House Gas Mitigation Policies in the Transport Sector of Sri Lanka","authors":"Gayashika L. Fernando, M. Liyanage, G. N. Samarasekara","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635590","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the greenhouse gas mitigation policy options for the transport sector in Sri Lanka. It was carried out through the Asia—Pacific Integrated Assessment Model (AIM/Enduse), which is a bottom up type least cost optimization framework. A business as usual scenario and four alternative mitigation policy options were considered in this study. These policy options include two scenarios with 100 $/tonCO2, 500 $/tonCO2 carbon tax, a subsidy scenario with tax rebates for electric, hybrid vehicles and a scenario which promotes pubic transport. The results show that the transport sector energy consumption is expected to increase from 5 Mtoe in 2015 to 19.5 Mtoe in 2045. The CO2 emissions are expected to increase from 15 Mton in 2015 to 58 Mton in 2045. Out of the four scenarios, promoting public transport was most effective as it could reduce energy consumption by 52% and reduce CO2 emissions by almost 36% in 2045. At current electricity prices and other costs, electric vehicles are not found to be economical in the analysis.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"158 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77534311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/icue-gesd.2018.8635654
{"title":"[Copyright notice]","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/icue-gesd.2018.8635654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icue-gesd.2018.8635654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79422380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635676
H. Chappa, T. Thakur
In power system an important feature is the ability to anticipate Voltage instability, as it helps in splitting the network into islands and system will be in extremis state. Identification of weak nodes in power system may be useful for system operators for actuating suitable controls to prevent voltage instability. Time series evolution of the conditional number of power flow Jacobian matrix is utilized in this paper to identify the weak nodes in the system. If the conditional number value goes beyond the threshold value, then the generators with minimum reactive power margin and loads with maximum change in nodal reactive power loss within the zone are identified. All these generators and nodes within the zone are ranked, the generator with minimum reactive power margin and the node with highest change in nodal reactive power loss in the minimum reactive power margin zone is the weakest node. This methodology is validated in New England 39 bus test system and the simulation results shows that this methodology is effective in identification of weak nodes in the power system.
{"title":"Identification of Weak Nodes in Power System Using Conditional Number of Power Flow Jacobian Matrix","authors":"H. Chappa, T. Thakur","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635676","url":null,"abstract":"In power system an important feature is the ability to anticipate Voltage instability, as it helps in splitting the network into islands and system will be in extremis state. Identification of weak nodes in power system may be useful for system operators for actuating suitable controls to prevent voltage instability. Time series evolution of the conditional number of power flow Jacobian matrix is utilized in this paper to identify the weak nodes in the system. If the conditional number value goes beyond the threshold value, then the generators with minimum reactive power margin and loads with maximum change in nodal reactive power loss within the zone are identified. All these generators and nodes within the zone are ranked, the generator with minimum reactive power margin and the node with highest change in nodal reactive power loss in the minimum reactive power margin zone is the weakest node. This methodology is validated in New England 39 bus test system and the simulation results shows that this methodology is effective in identification of weak nodes in the power system.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81299543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635787
Nimita A. Gajjar, T. Zaveri
This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the distribution static compensator connected with solar photovoltaic (SPV) system employed for voltage regulation, power factor correction, and load balancing in the distribution network. The inverter employed with SPV system for supplying active power to the grid/load can be made multifunctional i.e. it also serves as DSTATCOM when SPV power is not available (The arrangement is called PV-DSTATCOM). For such an arrangement the need for the actually installed DSTATCOM for voltage regulation and temporary over voltage control can be either minimized or altogether eliminated, bringing a significant savings for the utility. The intention of this review is to provide a broad view on configuration, topologies, and control techniques to the researchers and engineers working on power quality improvement. More than 100 research publications on the topologies, configuration, control techniques and applications of distribution static compensator have been thoroughly reviewed and classified for quick reference.
{"title":"A Review of DSTATCOM Used in Solar Photovoltaic System","authors":"Nimita A. Gajjar, T. Zaveri","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635787","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the distribution static compensator connected with solar photovoltaic (SPV) system employed for voltage regulation, power factor correction, and load balancing in the distribution network. The inverter employed with SPV system for supplying active power to the grid/load can be made multifunctional i.e. it also serves as DSTATCOM when SPV power is not available (The arrangement is called PV-DSTATCOM). For such an arrangement the need for the actually installed DSTATCOM for voltage regulation and temporary over voltage control can be either minimized or altogether eliminated, bringing a significant savings for the utility. The intention of this review is to provide a broad view on configuration, topologies, and control techniques to the researchers and engineers working on power quality improvement. More than 100 research publications on the topologies, configuration, control techniques and applications of distribution static compensator have been thoroughly reviewed and classified for quick reference.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87400198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635760
Mamta Soni, Sunny Dawar
Green consumption aims to safeguard the environmental resources like electricity, water, fuel, etc. as these resources are important for human survival and have to be preserved for future generations. Recently, many researchers have focused on environmental health improvement with the introduction of advanced and improved production processes. This approach will work more effectively when consumers’ understanding about their social responsibility is developed in parallel. In this paper, efforts are being made to incorporate consumers’ social responsibility in the frame to address and resolve environmental health issues. Relationship between sustainable development and consumers’ consumption pattern has been discussed with the help of Consumer Social Responsibility (CnSR) Model for improved survival.
{"title":"Green Consumption to Consumer Social Responsibility (CNSR): A Roadmap towards Sustainable Development","authors":"Mamta Soni, Sunny Dawar","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635760","url":null,"abstract":"Green consumption aims to safeguard the environmental resources like electricity, water, fuel, etc. as these resources are important for human survival and have to be preserved for future generations. Recently, many researchers have focused on environmental health improvement with the introduction of advanced and improved production processes. This approach will work more effectively when consumers’ understanding about their social responsibility is developed in parallel. In this paper, efforts are being made to incorporate consumers’ social responsibility in the frame to address and resolve environmental health issues. Relationship between sustainable development and consumers’ consumption pattern has been discussed with the help of Consumer Social Responsibility (CnSR) Model for improved survival.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"147 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80570182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635740
B. Leksono, E. Windyarini, T. Hasnah, S. Rahman, H. Baral
Indonesia has approximately 16.8 Mha of degraded lands. These lands have the potential to grow biofuel species to meet the need for energy security, income generation and land restoration. As a promising species Calophyllum inophyllum is suitable to grow in 5.7 Mha of degraded land in Indonesia and could contribute to green energy production and restoration of these degraded lands. During the growing stage, this species can grow up to 1 m in height per year and tolerates to harsh environmental conditions. Its seed provides high levels of non-edible oil, thus making it ideal for biodiesel production. In addition, during the biodiesel production process, its waste and by-products can be used as a raw material in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries, and as a compost for soil enrichment. Growing various cash crops with Calophyllum inophyllum as agroforestry can provide extra income to farmers, thus create added value of Calophyllum inophyllum cultivation.
{"title":"Calophyllum inophyllum for Green Energy and Landscape Restoration: Plant Growth, Biofuel Content, Associate Waste Utilization and Agroforestry Prospect","authors":"B. Leksono, E. Windyarini, T. Hasnah, S. Rahman, H. Baral","doi":"10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635740","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has approximately 16.8 Mha of degraded lands. These lands have the potential to grow biofuel species to meet the need for energy security, income generation and land restoration. As a promising species Calophyllum inophyllum is suitable to grow in 5.7 Mha of degraded land in Indonesia and could contribute to green energy production and restoration of these degraded lands. During the growing stage, this species can grow up to 1 m in height per year and tolerates to harsh environmental conditions. Its seed provides high levels of non-edible oil, thus making it ideal for biodiesel production. In addition, during the biodiesel production process, its waste and by-products can be used as a raw material in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries, and as a compost for soil enrichment. Growing various cash crops with Calophyllum inophyllum as agroforestry can provide extra income to farmers, thus create added value of Calophyllum inophyllum cultivation.","PeriodicalId":6584,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84264197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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