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2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)最新文献

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Coverage analysis in the uplink of mmWave cellular networks 毫米波蜂窝网络上行链路的覆盖分析
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980683
Oluwakayode Onireti, A. Imran, M. Imran
In this paper, we present an analytical framework to evaluate the coverage in the uplink of millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks. By using a distance dependent line-of-sight (LOS) probability function, the location of LOS and non-LOS user equipment (UE) are modeled as two independent non-homogeneous Poisson point processes, with each having different pathloss exponent. The analysis takes account of per UE fractional power control (FPC), which couples the transmission of UE due to location-dependent channel inversion. We consider the following scenarios in our analysis: 1) Pathloss based FPC (PL-FPC) which is performed using the measured pathloss and 2) Distance based FPC (D-FPC) which is performed using the measured distance. Results suggest that D-FPC outperforms the PL-FPC at high SINR. Also, the SINR coverage probability decreases as the cell density becomes greater than a threshold.
在本文中,我们提出了一个分析框架来评估毫米波(mmWave)蜂窝网络上行链路的覆盖范围。利用距离依赖的视距(LOS)概率函数,将视距和非视距用户设备(UE)的位置建模为两个独立的非齐次泊松点过程,每个泊松点过程具有不同的路径损失指数。该分析考虑了单位功率分数控制(FPC),该控制由于位置相关的信道反转而耦合了单位功率的传输。在我们的分析中,我们考虑了以下场景:1)基于路径损耗的FPC (PL-FPC),使用测量的路径损耗执行;2)基于距离的FPC (D-FPC),使用测量的距离执行。结果表明,在高信噪比下,D-FPC优于PL-FPC。此外,当小区密度大于某个阈值时,信噪比覆盖概率会降低。
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引用次数: 5
Virtualization of spectrum resources for 5G networks 5G网络频谱资源虚拟化
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980749
S. Khan, Adrian Kliks, Tao Chen, M. Mustonen, R. Riggio, L. Goratti
The next generation of mobile networks, 5G, is currently under development by the industry, academia and international standard organizations. The key drivers of 5G are to provide incomparable more capacity (1000×), extremely lower latency (sub-millisecond) and to accommodate ‘any’ type of user (e.g. machines) in the network. Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) technologies promise to bring an unprecedented level of flexibility in resource management. This paper presents a radio frequency spectrum management framework that is suitable to programmable 5G networks, under the overarching architecture of the 5G PPP COHERENT project. It also provides description of the recent advances and up-to-date initiatives for resource management in programmable 5G networks. The core contribution consists in the design of an SDN-enabled spectrum management application (SMA), and the related abstraction models that have been developed to enable flexible spectrum management. This paper demonstrates that suitable policy and topology abstraction models are key to spectrum management and sharing process.
下一代移动网络5G目前正在由工业界、学术界和国际标准组织共同开发。5G的关键驱动因素是提供无与伦比的更大容量(1000倍),极低的延迟(亚毫秒),并在网络中容纳“任何”类型的用户(例如机器)。软件定义网络(SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)技术有望在资源管理方面带来前所未有的灵活性。本文在5G PPP COHERENT项目的总体架构下提出了一种适用于可编程5G网络的无线电频谱管理框架。它还描述了可编程5G网络中资源管理的最新进展和最新举措。核心贡献包括设计支持sdn的频谱管理应用程序(SMA),以及为实现灵活的频谱管理而开发的相关抽象模型。本文论证了合适的策略和拓扑抽象模型是实现频谱管理和共享过程的关键。
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引用次数: 4
Dual-polarized 2×2 element sub-array at 15 GHz with high port isolation 15 GHz双极化2×2元件子阵列,具有高端口隔离
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980692
M. Sonkki, S. Myllymäki, J. Putaala, M. Sobocinski, A. Pärssinen, E. Heikkinen, T. Haapala, K. Nikkanen
This paper presents simulation results of a dual-polarized 2×2 element sub-array antenna element at 15 GHz center frequency. The basic idea is to use two waveguides stacked on in a right-angle configuration to excite the orthogonal polarizations by using radiating slots. Above the slots, 4 parasitic patches are set to a form of 2×2 element sub-array. Antenna presents −10 dB impedance bandwidth from 14.3 to 15.6 GHz with better than 68 dB isolation between the excitation ports. At the aforementioned bandwidth, the total efficiency is better than −0.7 dB (> 85%). Antenna shows very good polarization properties and difference between ϕ, θ components is greater than 45 dB. Also the radiation patterns and surface current distributions at 15 GHz center frequency are presented and compared.
本文给出了一种中心频率为15ghz的双极化2×2单元子阵列天线单元的仿真结果。其基本思想是利用两个波导以直角堆叠,利用辐射槽激发正交偏振。在插槽上方,4个寄生补丁被设置为2×2元素子阵列的形式。天线在14.3至15.6 GHz范围内具有−10 dB的阻抗带宽,激励端口之间的隔离优于68 dB。在上述带宽下,总效率优于- 0.7 dB(> 85%)。天线具有良好的极化特性,其中φ、θ分量之间的差值大于45 dB。给出了15ghz中心频率下的辐射图和表面电流分布,并进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Traffic-aware carrier allocation with aggregation for load balancing 基于流量感知的载波分配,通过聚合实现负载均衡
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980741
Haeyoung Lee, S. Vahid, K. Moessner
We consider the resource allocation with aggregation of multiple bands including unlicensed band for heterogeneous traffic. While the mobile data traffic including high volume of video traffic is expected to increase significantly, an efficient management of radio resources from multiple bands is required to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of different traffic types. In this context, we formulate an optimal resource allocation by using different utility functions for heterogeneous traffic and the two-step resource allocation algorithm including resource grouping has been proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm enhances the connection robustness and shows good performance in terms of higher utility value of inelastic traffic even at high traffic loads by steering elastic traffic to unlicensed band.
针对异构业务,考虑了包括未授权频带在内的多频带聚合的资源分配。随着包括大量视频业务在内的移动数据业务的大幅增长,需要对来自多个频段的无线电资源进行有效的管理,以保证不同业务类型的服务质量(QoS)。在此背景下,我们利用不同的效用函数对异构流量进行最优资源分配,并提出了包含资源分组的两步资源分配算法。仿真结果表明,该算法通过将弹性流量引导到非授权频带,提高了连接的鲁棒性,在高流量负载情况下也能提高非弹性流量的实用价值。
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引用次数: 3
Network expansion in OpenStack cloud federations OpenStack云联盟中的网络扩展
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980655
Maël Kimmerlin, P. Hasselmeyer, S. Heikkilä, Max Plauth, P. Parol, Pasi Sarolahti
Cloud federation is receiving increasing attention due to the benefits of resilience and locality it brings to cloud providers and users. Our analysis of three diverse use cases shows that existing solutions are not addressing the federation needs of such use case applications. In this paper, we present an alternative approach to network federation, providing a model based on cloud-to-cloud agreements. In our scenarios, companies hosting their own OpenStack clouds need to run machines transparently in another cloud, provided by a company they have an agreement with. Our solution provides multiple benefits to cloud providers and users detailed in this paper. Our implementation outperforms the VPNaaS solution in OpenStack in terms of throughput.
云联合正受到越来越多的关注,因为它给云提供商和用户带来了弹性和局部性的好处。我们对三个不同用例的分析表明,现有的解决方案没有解决这些用例应用程序的联合需求。在本文中,我们提出了一种网络联合的替代方法,提供了一个基于云到云协议的模型。在我们的场景中,托管他们自己OpenStack云的公司需要在另一个云上透明地运行机器,这个云是由他们有协议的公司提供的。我们的解决方案为云提供商和用户提供了多种好处,本文对此进行了详细介绍。我们的实现在吞吐量方面优于OpenStack中的VPNaaS解决方案。
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引用次数: 9
Analysis of out-of-band interference from saturated power amplifiers in Massive MIMO 大规模MIMO中饱和功率放大器的带外干扰分析
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980706
Steve Blandino, C. Desset, A. Bourdoux, L. Perre, S. Pollin
Nonlinear power amplifiers distort the transmitted signal and out-of-band (OOB) radiation becomes a source of interference for users operating in adjacent channels. This paper studies the effect of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system on the OOB interference. Massive MIMO relies on channel based precoding which ensures the signal is added constructively at the receiver user equipment. However, the effect of the precoding on the OOB radiation should be investigated given that a random user could experience an increased interference. Assuming a third order polynomial model to describe the behavior of the power amplifier, we model the received power spectrum density. Mathematical analysis and system level simulation confirm that OOB does not recombine constructively avoiding large interference. Massive MIMO allows to increase the in-band received power for the target users without increasing the interference in adjacent bands. In other words, less stringent requirements are demanded for power amplifier design, confirming that simpler hardware with respect to conventional transmission scheme is sufficient. We show that in Massive MIMO, even power amplifiers with efficiency of 65.4% satisfy 3GPP OOB constraints.
非线性功率放大器使传输信号失真,带外辐射成为相邻信道用户操作的干扰源。本文研究了大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统对OOB干扰的影响。大规模MIMO依赖于基于信道的预编码,以确保信号在接收用户设备上被建设性地添加。然而,预编码对OOB辐射的影响应该进行研究,因为随机用户可能会经历增加的干扰。假设一个三阶多项式模型来描述功率放大器的行为,我们建立了接收功率谱密度的模型。数学分析和系统级仿真证实了OOB不进行构造重组,避免了较大的干扰。大规模MIMO允许在不增加相邻频段干扰的情况下增加目标用户的带内接收功率。换句话说,对功率放大器设计的要求不那么严格,这证实了相对于传统的传输方案,更简单的硬件就足够了。结果表明,在大规模MIMO中,即使效率为65.4%的功率放大器也能满足3GPP OOB约束。
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引用次数: 17
Channel coding for enhanced mobile broadband communication in 5G systems 5G系统中增强移动宽带通信的信道编码
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980697
Heshani Gamage, Nandana Rajatheva, M. Latva-aho
In this paper, candidate coding schemes are investigated for the new radio access technology (RAT) of the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication standard. Enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) scenario of the 5G standard corresponding the activities in the third generation partnership project (3GPP) is considered. The coding schemes are evaluated in terms of block error rate (BLER), bit error rate (BER), computational complexity, and flexibility. These parameters comprise a suitable set to assess the performance of different services and applications. Turbo, low density parity check (LDPC), and polar codes are considered as the candidate schemes. These are investigated in terms of obtaining suitable rates, block lengths by proper design for a fair comparison. The simulations have been carried out in order to obtain BLER / BER performance for various code rates and block lengths, in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. It can be seen from the simulations that although polar codes perform well at short block lengths, LDPC has a relatively good performance at all the block lengths and code rates. In addition, complexity of the LDPC codes is relatively low.
本文研究了第五代(5G)移动通信标准新无线接入技术(RAT)的候选编码方案。考虑了与第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)活动相对应的5G标准增强移动宽带(eMBB)场景。根据分组错误率(BLER)、误码率(BER)、计算复杂度和灵活性对编码方案进行了评估。这些参数包含一组合适的参数,用于评估不同服务和应用程序的性能。Turbo码、低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)和极性码被认为是候选方案。通过适当的设计来获得合适的速率和块长度,以进行公平的比较。为了获得在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道中不同码率和块长度下的BLER / BER性能,进行了仿真。从仿真中可以看出,虽然极性码在短块长度下表现良好,但LDPC码在所有块长度和码率下都具有相对较好的性能。此外,LDPC代码的复杂性相对较低。
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引用次数: 64
Study on simple signal area estimation for efficient spectrum measurements 高效频谱测量中简单信号面积估计的研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980686
K. Umebayashi, Hiroki Iwata, Janne J. Lehtomäki, M. López-Benítez
This paper investigates a signal area (SA) estimation method for spectrum measurements. The spectrum measurements is for estimating statistical information of spectrum usage and required latency is not very critical compared to spectrum sensing. SA denotes the area (in time/frequency domain) occupied by the primary user's signal. The traditional approach, which utilizes Fourier transform (FT) and energy detector (ED) for SA estimation, can achieve low complexity, but its estimation performance is not very high. For this issue, we propose a post-processing, simple SA (S-SA) estimation. S-SA estimation exploits the correlation of the spectrum states among the neighboring tiles, i.e., time/frequency grids, and the fact that SA typically has a rectangular shape to estimate SA with high accuracy and relatively low complexity compared to a conventional method, contour tracing based SA (CT-SA) estimation. Numerical results will show that the S-SA estimation method can achieve better detection performance than CT-SA. Furthermore, it can reduce the computation time compared to the CT-SA estimation.
本文研究了一种用于频谱测量的信号面积估计方法。频谱测量是为了估计频谱使用的统计信息,与频谱感知相比,所需的延迟不是很重要。SA表示主用户信号占用的时域/频域面积。传统的利用傅里叶变换(FT)和能量检测器(ED)进行SA估计的方法虽然复杂度较低,但其估计性能不是很高。针对这个问题,我们提出了一种后处理的简单SA (S-SA)估计。S-SA估计利用相邻瓦片(即时间/频率网格)之间频谱状态的相关性,以及SA通常具有矩形形状的事实,与传统的基于轮廓跟踪的SA (CT-SA)估计方法相比,S-SA估计具有高精度和相对较低的复杂性。数值结果表明,S-SA估计方法比CT-SA具有更好的检测性能。此外,与CT-SA估计相比,它可以减少计算时间。
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引用次数: 5
Impact of CoMP VNF placement on 5G Coordinated Scheduling performance CoMP VNF放置对5G协同调度性能的影响
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980776
A. Marotta, K. Kondepu, F. Giannone, D. Cassioli, C. Antonelli, L. Valcarenghi, P. Castoldi
To address demanding requirements in terms of expected throughput, latency and scalability, 5G networks will offer high capacity to support huge volumes of traffic generated by heterogeneous services. Dense deployment of small cells can provide a valid solution but are prone to high levels of interference especially at the cell-edge. However, to reduce inter-cell interference and improve cell-edge throughput, a set of techniques known as Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) has been introduced. Coordinated Scheduling (CS) is a CoMP technique that assigns resources to mobile users to avoid interference between users that are assigned within the same Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs). On the other hand, Software Defined Mobile Networking (SDMN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) represent two key technologies to enhance flexibility and efficiency of resource usage within the Radio Access Network (RAN). However, the implementation of CoMP CS techniques on NFV architecture in a dense small cell scenario have not been analyzed yet. In this paper, we propose the joint use of CoMP CS and NFV by studying the implications of different deployment strategies, as constrained by the physical topology of the underlying RAN. The performance of both distributed and centralized CoMP CS are compared in terms of convergence delay and traffic overhead. Guidelines for the optimal design are provided.
为了满足在预期吞吐量、延迟和可扩展性方面的苛刻要求,5G网络将提供高容量,以支持异构业务产生的大量流量。密集部署小型蜂窝可以提供有效的解决方案,但容易受到高水平的干扰,特别是在蜂窝边缘。然而,为了减少细胞间干扰和提高细胞边缘吞吐量,一套被称为协调多点(CoMP)的技术已经被引入。协调调度(CS)是一种CoMP技术,它将资源分配给移动用户,以避免在相同物理资源块(prb)内分配的用户之间的干扰。另一方面,软件定义移动网络(SDMN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)是提高无线接入网(RAN)资源使用灵活性和效率的两项关键技术。然而,在密集的小蜂窝场景中,CoMP CS技术在NFV架构上的实现尚未得到分析。在本文中,我们通过研究受底层RAN物理拓扑约束的不同部署策略的含义,提出了CoMP CS和NFV的联合使用。比较了分布式和集中式CoMP CS的收敛延迟和流量开销。给出了优化设计的指导原则。
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引用次数: 12
Reliable capacity provisioning for distributed cloud/edge/fog computing applications 为分布式云/边缘/雾计算应用提供可靠的容量供应
Pub Date : 2017-06-12 DOI: 10.1109/EUCNC.2017.7980667
Per-Olov Östberg, James Byrne, P. Casari, P. Eardley, Antonio Fernández, Johan Forsman, John Kennedy, Thang Le Duc, Manuel Noya Marino, Radhika Loomba, Miguel Angel López Peña, J. L. Veiga, Theo Lynn, V. Mancuso, Sergej Svorobej, Anders Torneus, S. Wesner, P. Willis, Jörg Domaschka
The REliable CApacity Provisioning and enhanced remediation for distributed cloud applications (RECAP) project aims to advance cloud and edge computing technology, to develop mechanisms for reliable capacity provisioning, and to make application placement, infrastructure management, and capacity provisioning autonomous, predictable and optimized. This paper presents the RECAP vision for an integrated edge-cloud architecture, discusses the scientific foundation of the project, and outlines plans for toolsets for continuous data collection, application performance modeling, application and component auto-scaling and remediation, and deployment optimization. The paper also presents four use cases from complementing fields that will be used to showcase the advancements of RECAP.
分布式云应用程序的可靠容量配置和增强修复(RECAP)项目旨在推进云和边缘计算技术,开发可靠容量配置机制,并使应用程序放置、基础设施管理和容量配置自治、可预测和优化。本文介绍了集成边缘云架构的RECAP愿景,讨论了该项目的科学基础,并概述了用于持续数据收集、应用程序性能建模、应用程序和组件自动扩展和修复以及部署优化的工具集的计划。本文还介绍了来自互补领域的四个用例,这些用例将用于展示RECAP的进步。
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引用次数: 73
期刊
2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)
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