Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980764
Z. Du, Kimmo Aronkyto, J. Putkonen, Jouko Kapanen, E. Ohlmer, Daniel Swist
It is expected that small cells will carry more than half of the total traffic in 5G, resulting in a huge increase of wireless backhaul traffic. To successfully design and deploy the mmW backhaul system, it is essential to evaluate the performance in different scenarios, also links installed in low human height-level elevations. We report a recent 5G E-band backhaul system measurement campaign focusing on the effects of vehicles passing across and pedestrian walking along the line-of-sight, and outdoor to indoor penetration loss. With the car roofs and humans moving in the same height or a bit lower than the radio LOS, their impact on the radio signal is clearly seen but is not detrimental. By introducing small changes in height, the impact can be reduced from 12 dB to 3.4 dB. The range of penetration losses of modern glass is from 5 dB to 39 dB.
{"title":"5G E-band backhaul system evaluations: Focus on moving objects and outdoor to indoor transmission","authors":"Z. Du, Kimmo Aronkyto, J. Putkonen, Jouko Kapanen, E. Ohlmer, Daniel Swist","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980764","url":null,"abstract":"It is expected that small cells will carry more than half of the total traffic in 5G, resulting in a huge increase of wireless backhaul traffic. To successfully design and deploy the mmW backhaul system, it is essential to evaluate the performance in different scenarios, also links installed in low human height-level elevations. We report a recent 5G E-band backhaul system measurement campaign focusing on the effects of vehicles passing across and pedestrian walking along the line-of-sight, and outdoor to indoor penetration loss. With the car roofs and humans moving in the same height or a bit lower than the radio LOS, their impact on the radio signal is clearly seen but is not detrimental. By introducing small changes in height, the impact can be reduced from 12 dB to 3.4 dB. The range of penetration losses of modern glass is from 5 dB to 39 dB.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77802530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980707
Jamal Bazzi, K. Kusume, P. Weitkemper, K. Takeda, A. Benjebbour
This paper proposes a transparent spectral confinement approach for OFDM to enable multiplexing of multiple services with diverse requirements in one system band. Besides mobile broadband services, new service types like machine type and ultra-reliable low latency communications foreseen for future 5G systems set new requirements for the chosen waveform to support asynchronous access and multiplexing different numerologies. That is not best handled by OFDM as it is. Thus, various spectral confinement techniques have been proposed in the literature, which, however, require specific processing at both the transmitter and receiver. This tight link would increase signaling overheads to agree on both sides to apply certain respective processing. The transparent approach proposed in this paper decouples the tight link and thus keeps the system simple and robust. We show by means of numerical evaluations that OFDM with spectral confinement techniques like windowing or filtering at the transmitter, but without respective receiver processing, outperforms the conventional OFDM.
{"title":"Transparent spectral confinement approach for 5G","authors":"Jamal Bazzi, K. Kusume, P. Weitkemper, K. Takeda, A. Benjebbour","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980707","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a transparent spectral confinement approach for OFDM to enable multiplexing of multiple services with diverse requirements in one system band. Besides mobile broadband services, new service types like machine type and ultra-reliable low latency communications foreseen for future 5G systems set new requirements for the chosen waveform to support asynchronous access and multiplexing different numerologies. That is not best handled by OFDM as it is. Thus, various spectral confinement techniques have been proposed in the literature, which, however, require specific processing at both the transmitter and receiver. This tight link would increase signaling overheads to agree on both sides to apply certain respective processing. The transparent approach proposed in this paper decouples the tight link and thus keeps the system simple and robust. We show by means of numerical evaluations that OFDM with spectral confinement techniques like windowing or filtering at the transmitter, but without respective receiver processing, outperforms the conventional OFDM.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80470432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980700
Ayswarya Padmanabhan, Valtteri Tervo, Jiguang He, M. Juntti, T. Matsumoto
We analyze the performance of a multi-source multi-helper transmission with lossy forward (LF) relaying. In LF, estimates at the relay are encoded and forwarded to the destination for improving the reliability of the received sequence transmitted from the multiple source nodes. Unlike the conventional decode-and-forward (DF) relaying, LF sends the data even in the case where decoding is not error-free. We extend the results of the channel with multiple sources and a single helper to perform relay selection by utilizing the union of rate regions. A power minimization problem is formulated using the above strategy and solved by exploiting the successive convex approximation (SCA) technique. Numerical results are presented to show that the proposed relay selection method achieves the same performance as the exhaustive search.
{"title":"Minimum power based relay selection for orthogonal multiple access relay networks","authors":"Ayswarya Padmanabhan, Valtteri Tervo, Jiguang He, M. Juntti, T. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980700","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the performance of a multi-source multi-helper transmission with lossy forward (LF) relaying. In LF, estimates at the relay are encoded and forwarded to the destination for improving the reliability of the received sequence transmitted from the multiple source nodes. Unlike the conventional decode-and-forward (DF) relaying, LF sends the data even in the case where decoding is not error-free. We extend the results of the channel with multiple sources and a single helper to perform relay selection by utilizing the union of rate regions. A power minimization problem is formulated using the above strategy and solved by exploiting the successive convex approximation (SCA) technique. Numerical results are presented to show that the proposed relay selection method achieves the same performance as the exhaustive search.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80312274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980785
B. Reynders, T. Vermeulen, Fernando Rosas, S. Pollin
An undesirable side-effect of network densification is a reduced quality of service due to increased contention. One interesting solution to address this issue is full-duplex medium access control (MAC) with collision detection. By detecting collisions early on, a considerable amount of energy can be saved in dense networks. However, when traffic demand and, as a result, the collision rate decrease, the reduced collision time does not compensate for the increased power consumption of the full-duplex physical layer. This paper therefore investigates the trade-offs between two MAC protocols (i.e. full-duplex CSMA/CD and half-duplex CSMA/CA) proposing closed-form formulas to calculate the equilibrium point in terms of power consumption. Knowing this equilibrium, we propose a distributed algorithm that independently switches the MAC protocol of each node reducing the energy consumption of each node up to 33%.
{"title":"Adaptive in-band full-duplex collision detection for balancing sensing and collision costs","authors":"B. Reynders, T. Vermeulen, Fernando Rosas, S. Pollin","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980785","url":null,"abstract":"An undesirable side-effect of network densification is a reduced quality of service due to increased contention. One interesting solution to address this issue is full-duplex medium access control (MAC) with collision detection. By detecting collisions early on, a considerable amount of energy can be saved in dense networks. However, when traffic demand and, as a result, the collision rate decrease, the reduced collision time does not compensate for the increased power consumption of the full-duplex physical layer. This paper therefore investigates the trade-offs between two MAC protocols (i.e. full-duplex CSMA/CD and half-duplex CSMA/CA) proposing closed-form formulas to calculate the equilibrium point in terms of power consumption. Knowing this equilibrium, we propose a distributed algorithm that independently switches the MAC protocol of each node reducing the energy consumption of each node up to 33%.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87462670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980778
C. Katila, A. Gianni, C. Buratti, R. Verdone
In this paper we consider a video surveillance application, using a camera mounted on a drone flying over the area to be monitored and sending the video to a control center (CC). In order to ensure connectivity between the drone and the CC some relays are deployed on the ground. The resulting network is composed of a static component (relays), and a moving component (the drone). All network devices are assumed to be equipped with IEEE 802.11s air interfaces. The goal of our work is to design and validate a routing protocol appropriate for this scenario. The IEEE 802.11s standard proposes Hybrid Wireless Mesh routing Protocol (HWMP) composed of a proactive tree-based routing and the reactive Radio Metric Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (RM-AODV) scheme to support mesh networks. To address the need for reliable connectivity, faster and resource-efficient path discovery, we envisage a mixed optimized scheme, called Optimized-Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (O-HWMP), where both, RM-AODV and the proactive tree-based scheme, are used at the same time. In O-HWMP the output of the tree-based routing scheme provides input to the RM-AODV, in order to reduce flooding of control packets, and to minimize delays during path discovery. Through NS3-Evalvid simulations we demonstrate that, compared to RM-AODV scheme, our proposed protocol significantly improves network performance in terms of delays, packet success rate, overhead cost, and peak-signal-to-noise-ratio metric of the received video.
{"title":"Routing protocols for video surveillance drones in IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Networks","authors":"C. Katila, A. Gianni, C. Buratti, R. Verdone","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980778","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider a video surveillance application, using a camera mounted on a drone flying over the area to be monitored and sending the video to a control center (CC). In order to ensure connectivity between the drone and the CC some relays are deployed on the ground. The resulting network is composed of a static component (relays), and a moving component (the drone). All network devices are assumed to be equipped with IEEE 802.11s air interfaces. The goal of our work is to design and validate a routing protocol appropriate for this scenario. The IEEE 802.11s standard proposes Hybrid Wireless Mesh routing Protocol (HWMP) composed of a proactive tree-based routing and the reactive Radio Metric Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (RM-AODV) scheme to support mesh networks. To address the need for reliable connectivity, faster and resource-efficient path discovery, we envisage a mixed optimized scheme, called Optimized-Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (O-HWMP), where both, RM-AODV and the proactive tree-based scheme, are used at the same time. In O-HWMP the output of the tree-based routing scheme provides input to the RM-AODV, in order to reduce flooding of control packets, and to minimize delays during path discovery. Through NS3-Evalvid simulations we demonstrate that, compared to RM-AODV scheme, our proposed protocol significantly improves network performance in terms of delays, packet success rate, overhead cost, and peak-signal-to-noise-ratio metric of the received video.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89378912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980783
Mohamad Kenan Al-Hares, P. Assimakopoulos, Daniel Muench, N. Gomes
This paper investigates and compares the performance of different scheduling techniques in an Ethernet fronthaul network in the presence of both time-sensitive/high priority and background traffic streams. A switched Ethernet architecture is used as the fronthaul section of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) and a comparison of two scheduling schemes, strict priority scheduling and time-aware shaping, is carried out. The different streams are logically separated using virtual local area network identifiers and contend for the use of trunk links formed between aggregator/switch nodes. The scheduling schemes are applied in the access and trunk ports in the fronthaul, and need to handle the queue management and prioritization of the different streams. In such cases, contention-induced latency variation has to be characterized, especially when the fronthaul transports precision time protocol traffic, as it directly leads to errors in timestamping. OPNET models for strict priority and time-aware schedulers have been built and employed, and simulation results are used to compare the performance of the two scheduling schemes.
{"title":"Scheduling in an Ethernet fronthaul network","authors":"Mohamad Kenan Al-Hares, P. Assimakopoulos, Daniel Muench, N. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980783","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates and compares the performance of different scheduling techniques in an Ethernet fronthaul network in the presence of both time-sensitive/high priority and background traffic streams. A switched Ethernet architecture is used as the fronthaul section of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) and a comparison of two scheduling schemes, strict priority scheduling and time-aware shaping, is carried out. The different streams are logically separated using virtual local area network identifiers and contend for the use of trunk links formed between aggregator/switch nodes. The scheduling schemes are applied in the access and trunk ports in the fronthaul, and need to handle the queue management and prioritization of the different streams. In such cases, contention-induced latency variation has to be characterized, especially when the fronthaul transports precision time protocol traffic, as it directly leads to errors in timestamping. OPNET models for strict priority and time-aware schedulers have been built and employed, and simulation results are used to compare the performance of the two scheduling schemes.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78679924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980747
Chih-Ping Li, Jing Jiang, Wanshi Chen, T. Ji, J. E. Smee
5G New Radio (NR) is envisioned to support three broad categories of services: evolved mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). The URLLC services refer to future applications that require secure data communications from one end to another with ultra-high reliability and deadline-based low latency requirements. This type of quality-of-service is vastly different from that of traditional mobile broadband applications. In this paper, we discuss the systems design principles to enable the URLLC services in 5G. Theoretical queueing analysis and system-level simulations are provided to support these systems design choices, many of which have been considered as work items in the 3GPP Release 15 standards, which will be the first release for 5G NR.
{"title":"5G ultra-reliable and low-latency systems design","authors":"Chih-Ping Li, Jing Jiang, Wanshi Chen, T. Ji, J. E. Smee","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980747","url":null,"abstract":"5G New Radio (NR) is envisioned to support three broad categories of services: evolved mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). The URLLC services refer to future applications that require secure data communications from one end to another with ultra-high reliability and deadline-based low latency requirements. This type of quality-of-service is vastly different from that of traditional mobile broadband applications. In this paper, we discuss the systems design principles to enable the URLLC services in 5G. Theoretical queueing analysis and system-level simulations are provided to support these systems design choices, many of which have been considered as work items in the 3GPP Release 15 standards, which will be the first release for 5G NR.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76742118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980721
M. Adedoyin, O. Falowo
In the fifth generation wireless networks, the heterogeneous deployment of ultra-dense small cells such as femtocells is seen as a major solution to cope with the exponential traffic growth and to improve coverage especially in indoor environments. However, the unplanned and ultra-dense deployment of femtocells in the coverage area of conventional macrocells introduces new challenges such as cross-tier interference (interference between macrocells and femtocells), co-tier interference (interference between neighbouring femtocells), and inadequate quality of service (QoS) provisioning, which can negatively affect the overall performance of the network. Hence, efficient radio resource management (RRM) algorithms are necessary to address these challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a joint radio resource allocation with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme. The RRM problem is formulated as an optimization problem, which belongs to the class of mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP). A reformation-linearization technique (RLT) is introduced to simplify the aforementioned MINLP. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces interference and enhances QoS in terms of the overall throughput and fairness when compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
{"title":"QoS-based radio resource management for 5G ultra-dense heterogeneous networks","authors":"M. Adedoyin, O. Falowo","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980721","url":null,"abstract":"In the fifth generation wireless networks, the heterogeneous deployment of ultra-dense small cells such as femtocells is seen as a major solution to cope with the exponential traffic growth and to improve coverage especially in indoor environments. However, the unplanned and ultra-dense deployment of femtocells in the coverage area of conventional macrocells introduces new challenges such as cross-tier interference (interference between macrocells and femtocells), co-tier interference (interference between neighbouring femtocells), and inadequate quality of service (QoS) provisioning, which can negatively affect the overall performance of the network. Hence, efficient radio resource management (RRM) algorithms are necessary to address these challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a joint radio resource allocation with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme. The RRM problem is formulated as an optimization problem, which belongs to the class of mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP). A reformation-linearization technique (RLT) is introduced to simplify the aforementioned MINLP. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces interference and enhances QoS in terms of the overall throughput and fairness when compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"113 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78057305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980643
Xun Liu, M. Dohler, Toktam Mahmoodi, Hongbin Liu
Haptic communications allow physical interaction over long distances and greatly complement conventional means of communications, such as audio and video. However, whilst standardized codecs for video and audio are well established, there is a lack of standardized codecs for haptics. This causes vendor lock-in and thereby greatly limits scalability, increases cost and prevents advanced usage scenarios with multi-sensors/actuators and multi-users. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach for understanding and encoding tactile signals, i.e. the sense of touch, among haptic interactions. Inspired by various audio codecs, we develop a similar methodology for tactile codecs. Notably, we demonstrate that tactile and audio signals are similar in both time and frequency domains, thereby allowing audio coding techniques to be adapted to tactile codecs with appropriate adjustments. We also present the differences between audio and tactile signals that should be considered in future designs. Moreover, in order to evaluate the performance of a tactile codec, we propose a potential direction of designing an objective quality metric which complements haptic mean opinion scores (h-MOS). This, we hope, will open the door for designing and assessing tactile codecs.
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities for designing tactile codecs from audio codecs","authors":"Xun Liu, M. Dohler, Toktam Mahmoodi, Hongbin Liu","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980643","url":null,"abstract":"Haptic communications allow physical interaction over long distances and greatly complement conventional means of communications, such as audio and video. However, whilst standardized codecs for video and audio are well established, there is a lack of standardized codecs for haptics. This causes vendor lock-in and thereby greatly limits scalability, increases cost and prevents advanced usage scenarios with multi-sensors/actuators and multi-users. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach for understanding and encoding tactile signals, i.e. the sense of touch, among haptic interactions. Inspired by various audio codecs, we develop a similar methodology for tactile codecs. Notably, we demonstrate that tactile and audio signals are similar in both time and frequency domains, thereby allowing audio coding techniques to be adapted to tactile codecs with appropriate adjustments. We also present the differences between audio and tactile signals that should be considered in future designs. Moreover, in order to evaluate the performance of a tactile codec, we propose a potential direction of designing an objective quality metric which complements haptic mean opinion scores (h-MOS). This, we hope, will open the door for designing and assessing tactile codecs.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80258183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980719
M. Adedoyin, O. Falowo
The heterogeneous deployment of ultra dense small cells such as femtocells in the coverage area of the traditional macrocells is seen as a cost-efficient solution to provide network capacity, indoor coverage and green communications towards sustainable environments in the fifth generation wireless network. However, the unplanned and ultra-dense deployment of femtocells will lead to increase in total energy consumption, cross-tier interference (interference between macrocells and femtocells), co-tier interference (interference between neighbouring femtocells) and inadequate QoS provisioning. Therefore, there is a need to develop a radio resource allocation algorithm that will jointly maximize the energy efficiency (EE) and spectrum efficiency (SE) of the overall networks. Unfortunately, maximizing the EE results in low performance of the SE and vice versa. This paper investigates how to balance the trade-off that arises when maximizing both the EE and the SE simultaneously. The joint EE and SE maximization problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, which is later converted into a single-objective optimization problem using the weighted sum method. An iterative algorithm based on the Lagrangian dual decomposition method is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an optimal trade-off between the EE and the SE with fast convergence.
{"title":"Joint optimization of energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency in 5G ultra-dense networks","authors":"M. Adedoyin, O. Falowo","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2017.7980719","url":null,"abstract":"The heterogeneous deployment of ultra dense small cells such as femtocells in the coverage area of the traditional macrocells is seen as a cost-efficient solution to provide network capacity, indoor coverage and green communications towards sustainable environments in the fifth generation wireless network. However, the unplanned and ultra-dense deployment of femtocells will lead to increase in total energy consumption, cross-tier interference (interference between macrocells and femtocells), co-tier interference (interference between neighbouring femtocells) and inadequate QoS provisioning. Therefore, there is a need to develop a radio resource allocation algorithm that will jointly maximize the energy efficiency (EE) and spectrum efficiency (SE) of the overall networks. Unfortunately, maximizing the EE results in low performance of the SE and vice versa. This paper investigates how to balance the trade-off that arises when maximizing both the EE and the SE simultaneously. The joint EE and SE maximization problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, which is later converted into a single-objective optimization problem using the weighted sum method. An iterative algorithm based on the Lagrangian dual decomposition method is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an optimal trade-off between the EE and the SE with fast convergence.","PeriodicalId":6626,"journal":{"name":"2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90032396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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