Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873335
F. Pirzio, S. Jun, S. Tacchini, G. Piccinno, A. Di Lieto, M. Tonelli, A. Agnesi
By exploiting a more favourable surface/volume ratio for heat exchange and pump absorption distribution over significantly increased length, single crystal fibers (SCF) are considered promising candidate as a replacement for bulk crystals in high-power laser systems. So far, micro-pulling down (μ-PD) technique was successfully employed mainly in growing cubic crystals, most impressive results being obtained with Yb:YAG [1]. Birefringent sCf are also attractive, as they provide a quite straightforward means of avoiding beam quality degradation at high thermal load due to depolarization. The first Nd:YLF laser based on fiber crystals was reported in [2]. However, from the perspective of high-power applications, Ytterbium-doped materials are definitely more interesting, owing to the much smaller quantum defect and absence of excited-state absorption.
{"title":"Multi-Watt Multi-Pass Amplification in a 42-mm-Long Yb:LuLiF4 Single Crystal Fiber Grown by the Micro-Pulling-Down Method","authors":"F. Pirzio, S. Jun, S. Tacchini, G. Piccinno, A. Di Lieto, M. Tonelli, A. Agnesi","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873335","url":null,"abstract":"By exploiting a more favourable surface/volume ratio for heat exchange and pump absorption distribution over significantly increased length, single crystal fibers (SCF) are considered promising candidate as a replacement for bulk crystals in high-power laser systems. So far, micro-pulling down (μ-PD) technique was successfully employed mainly in growing cubic crystals, most impressive results being obtained with Yb:YAG [1]. Birefringent sCf are also attractive, as they provide a quite straightforward means of avoiding beam quality degradation at high thermal load due to depolarization. The first Nd:YLF laser based on fiber crystals was reported in [2]. However, from the perspective of high-power applications, Ytterbium-doped materials are definitely more interesting, owing to the much smaller quantum defect and absence of excited-state absorption.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74196904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872696
Gwennaël Danion, L. Frein, D. Bacquet, G. Pillet, S. Molin, L. Morvan, G. Ducournau, M. Vallet, P. Szriftgiser, M. Alouini
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has received much attention for decades for its numerous applications in sensors, optical amplification or design of narrow-linewidth lasers. In particular, optical fibers present Brillouin gain with a narrow bandwidth of a few tens of MHz. This permits to realize Brillouin fiber lasers (BFL) emitting Stokes lines with potential ultra-narrow linewidths [1]. Standard architectures are based on the use of a long fiber loop in order to provide sufficient gain. The loop is then resonant for the pump requiring servo-control to lock the pump frequency to the loop resonance. Furthermore, the whole pump power may not be injected in the cavity, as the pump spectrum may be broader than the cavity resonance. Conversely, non-resonant pumping enables to fully exploit the pump power. However, as the pump-resonator detuning may drift, it suffers from mode-hopping of the Stokes wave.
{"title":"Single-Mode Operation with no Mode-Hops of a 110m Long Brillouin Fiber Laser with Non-Resonant Pumping","authors":"Gwennaël Danion, L. Frein, D. Bacquet, G. Pillet, S. Molin, L. Morvan, G. Ducournau, M. Vallet, P. Szriftgiser, M. Alouini","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872696","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has received much attention for decades for its numerous applications in sensors, optical amplification or design of narrow-linewidth lasers. In particular, optical fibers present Brillouin gain with a narrow bandwidth of a few tens of MHz. This permits to realize Brillouin fiber lasers (BFL) emitting Stokes lines with potential ultra-narrow linewidths [1]. Standard architectures are based on the use of a long fiber loop in order to provide sufficient gain. The loop is then resonant for the pump requiring servo-control to lock the pump frequency to the loop resonance. Furthermore, the whole pump power may not be injected in the cavity, as the pump spectrum may be broader than the cavity resonance. Conversely, non-resonant pumping enables to fully exploit the pump power. However, as the pump-resonator detuning may drift, it suffers from mode-hopping of the Stokes wave.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75250544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873255
Andreas Frigg, A. Boes, G. Ren, D. Choi, S. Gees, A. Mitchell
Silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides are a promising platform for nonlinear photonic devices, as it offers a large bandgap, low two-photon absorption, CMOS-compatible fabrication methods and a significant nonlinearity [1,2]. Prominent applications are optical frequency comb generation [2] and supercontinuum generation [3]. These applications require waveguides with an anomalous group velocity dispersion in order to be efficient, which can be achieved by tailoring the waveguide dimensions [2,3]. Optical-quality SiN films are commonly deposited by LPCVD, however the high processing temperatures (> 800 ° C) can cause a high layer stress and crack formation. In this work we investigate reactive magnetron sputtering (PVD) as a method for low temperature (< 150 °C) deposition of SiN thin-films for optical waveguides.
{"title":"Low Stress, Anomalous Dispersive Silicon Nitride Waveguides Fabricated by Reactive Sputtering","authors":"Andreas Frigg, A. Boes, G. Ren, D. Choi, S. Gees, A. Mitchell","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873255","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides are a promising platform for nonlinear photonic devices, as it offers a large bandgap, low two-photon absorption, CMOS-compatible fabrication methods and a significant nonlinearity [1,2]. Prominent applications are optical frequency comb generation [2] and supercontinuum generation [3]. These applications require waveguides with an anomalous group velocity dispersion in order to be efficient, which can be achieved by tailoring the waveguide dimensions [2,3]. Optical-quality SiN films are commonly deposited by LPCVD, however the high processing temperatures (> 800 ° C) can cause a high layer stress and crack formation. In this work we investigate reactive magnetron sputtering (PVD) as a method for low temperature (< 150 °C) deposition of SiN thin-films for optical waveguides.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74660477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872284
F. Chiavaioli, P. Zubiate, I. del Villar, C. Zamarreño, A. Giannetti, S. Tombelli, C. Trono, I. Matías, F. Arregui, F. Baldini
Fiber-optic biosensors can offer great advantages over other optical technology platforms thanks to the typical features of optical fibers [1]. Moreover, the opportunity of depositing nm-thick overlays on optical fibers with a high degree of accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility has enabled spreading the application domains of this technology [2]. Recently, the concept of guided mode resonance has been exploited in thin film coated fiber-optic sensors, under the name of lossy mode resonance (LMR). LMR occurs when the real part of the thin film permittivity is positive and greater in magnitude than both its own imaginary part and the permittivity of the material surrounding the thin film. Therefore, metallic oxides and polymers can be used to generate LMRs, instead of the noble metals typically used in SPR devices. Instead of using multi-mode fibers, D-shaped single-mode fibers have been used to excite LMR [3], which enables tracking the spectral displacement of the 1st LMR, the most sensitive LMR, at wavelengths in the NIR, where the sensitivity is enhanced if compared to the visible region [1].
{"title":"Lossy Mode Resonance Fiber-Optic Biosensing Allowing Ultra-Low Detection Limit","authors":"F. Chiavaioli, P. Zubiate, I. del Villar, C. Zamarreño, A. Giannetti, S. Tombelli, C. Trono, I. Matías, F. Arregui, F. Baldini","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872284","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-optic biosensors can offer great advantages over other optical technology platforms thanks to the typical features of optical fibers [1]. Moreover, the opportunity of depositing nm-thick overlays on optical fibers with a high degree of accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility has enabled spreading the application domains of this technology [2]. Recently, the concept of guided mode resonance has been exploited in thin film coated fiber-optic sensors, under the name of lossy mode resonance (LMR). LMR occurs when the real part of the thin film permittivity is positive and greater in magnitude than both its own imaginary part and the permittivity of the material surrounding the thin film. Therefore, metallic oxides and polymers can be used to generate LMRs, instead of the noble metals typically used in SPR devices. Instead of using multi-mode fibers, D-shaped single-mode fibers have been used to excite LMR [3], which enables tracking the spectral displacement of the 1st LMR, the most sensitive LMR, at wavelengths in the NIR, where the sensitivity is enhanced if compared to the visible region [1].","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74914674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872881
Ying Wan, Wonkeun Chang
Ultrashort pulse propagation in gas-filled hollow-core fibers presents an exciting research opportunity for nonlinear light-matter interactions [1]. Its growing interest in the field is motivated by the system's ability to guide high-power, broadband beams, as well as its dispersion and nonlinear properties that can be controlled precisely through changing the filling gas species or pressure. These features have been utilized to harness various novel phenomena that are unique to the system.
{"title":"Effect of Initial Chirp on Soliton Pulse Compression in the Ionization Regime","authors":"Ying Wan, Wonkeun Chang","doi":"10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872881","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrashort pulse propagation in gas-filled hollow-core fibers presents an exciting research opportunity for nonlinear light-matter interactions [1]. Its growing interest in the field is motivated by the system's ability to guide high-power, broadband beams, as well as its dispersion and nonlinear properties that can be controlled precisely through changing the filling gas species or pressure. These features have been utilized to harness various novel phenomena that are unique to the system.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"378 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74240013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873259
E. Bordo, O. Kfir, Sergey Zayko, O. Neufeld, Avner Fleischer, C. Ropers, O. Cohen
High-harmonic spectroscopy is an important tool for investigation of nonlinear atom-laser interaction [1]. Polarization-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy is becoming a promising method for exploring chiral quantities, in particular as numerous techniques have been demonstrated experimentally for generating bright and applicable high-order harmonics with highly helical polarization [2,3]. In this context, a simple direct mapping (ideally, analytical formula) between the harmonics polarization and time-domain description of the HHG process would be very useful.
{"title":"Polarization-Resolved High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Interlocked Attosecond Bursts","authors":"E. Bordo, O. Kfir, Sergey Zayko, O. Neufeld, Avner Fleischer, C. Ropers, O. Cohen","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873259","url":null,"abstract":"High-harmonic spectroscopy is an important tool for investigation of nonlinear atom-laser interaction [1]. Polarization-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy is becoming a promising method for exploring chiral quantities, in particular as numerous techniques have been demonstrated experimentally for generating bright and applicable high-order harmonics with highly helical polarization [2,3]. In this context, a simple direct mapping (ideally, analytical formula) between the harmonics polarization and time-domain description of the HHG process would be very useful.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78692979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872514
M. Uluda, Jan Szabados, I. Breunig, K. Buse
Whispering gallery-mode microresonators guide light by total internal reflection and exhibit exceptionally high quality factors and small mode volumes. If such a microresonator is fabricated from a nonlinear-optical material, one can benefit from these properties for efficient optical frequency conversion. One of the well-known second-order nonlinear-optical materials for these microresonators is periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) because of its high second-order susceptibility and wide transmission window. Thus PPLN-based whispering gallery-mode microresonators are efficient platforms for higher-harmonic generation of ultraviolet light using a near-infrared pump source in the telecom range [1], for low-input-power optical parametric oscillation [2] and for frequency comb up- and down-conversion from the near-infrared region to the visible, ultraviolet and mid-infrared regions [3].
{"title":"Radially-Poled Stoichiometric Lithium Tantalate Microresonators for Nonlinear-Optical Applications","authors":"M. Uluda, Jan Szabados, I. Breunig, K. Buse","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872514","url":null,"abstract":"Whispering gallery-mode microresonators guide light by total internal reflection and exhibit exceptionally high quality factors and small mode volumes. If such a microresonator is fabricated from a nonlinear-optical material, one can benefit from these properties for efficient optical frequency conversion. One of the well-known second-order nonlinear-optical materials for these microresonators is periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) because of its high second-order susceptibility and wide transmission window. Thus PPLN-based whispering gallery-mode microresonators are efficient platforms for higher-harmonic generation of ultraviolet light using a near-infrared pump source in the telecom range [1], for low-input-power optical parametric oscillation [2] and for frequency comb up- and down-conversion from the near-infrared region to the visible, ultraviolet and mid-infrared regions [3].","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78771146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872682
J. Oelmann, J. Nauta, A. Ackermann, P. Knauer, R. Pappenberger, S. Kühn, J. Stark, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, T. Pfeifer
Highly charged ions (HCI) have a few tightly bound electrons and many interesting properties for probing fundamental physics and developing new frequency standards [1,2]. Many optical transitions of HCI are located in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and conventional light sources do not allow to study these transistions with highest precision. For this reason, we are developing an XUV frequency comb by transfering the coherence and stability of a near infrared frequency comb to the XUV by means of high-harmonic generation (HHG) [3–4]. Reaching intensity levels necessary for HHG 1013W/cm2), while operating at high repetition rates (100 MHz) for large comb line spacing, is challenging. Therefore, the laser pulses are first amplified in a rod-type fiber to 70 W and compressed to sub-200 fs in a grating and prism compressor. Afterwards, pulses are resonantly overlapped in an astigmatism-compensated femtosecond enhancement cavity, which is locked to the frequency comb. To achieve high stability and low-noise performance, the cavity is built on a rigid titanium structure with vibrational decoupling from the vacuum pumps. High-harmonics will then be generated in a target gas in the tight focus of the cavity and coupled out of the cavity by minus-first order diffraction from a small-period grating etched into a high-reflective cavity mirror [5]. Mirror degradation due to contamination and hydrocarbon aggregation is prevented by operating the whole cavity under ultra-high vacuum conditions. A differential pumping scheme will enable high target gas pressures in the laser focus without impairing the pressure elsewhere in the chamber [6].
{"title":"Development of an XUV Frequency Comb for Precision Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Ions","authors":"J. Oelmann, J. Nauta, A. Ackermann, P. Knauer, R. Pappenberger, S. Kühn, J. Stark, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, T. Pfeifer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872682","url":null,"abstract":"Highly charged ions (HCI) have a few tightly bound electrons and many interesting properties for probing fundamental physics and developing new frequency standards [1,2]. Many optical transitions of HCI are located in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and conventional light sources do not allow to study these transistions with highest precision. For this reason, we are developing an XUV frequency comb by transfering the coherence and stability of a near infrared frequency comb to the XUV by means of high-harmonic generation (HHG) [3–4]. Reaching intensity levels necessary for HHG 1013W/cm2), while operating at high repetition rates (100 MHz) for large comb line spacing, is challenging. Therefore, the laser pulses are first amplified in a rod-type fiber to 70 W and compressed to sub-200 fs in a grating and prism compressor. Afterwards, pulses are resonantly overlapped in an astigmatism-compensated femtosecond enhancement cavity, which is locked to the frequency comb. To achieve high stability and low-noise performance, the cavity is built on a rigid titanium structure with vibrational decoupling from the vacuum pumps. High-harmonics will then be generated in a target gas in the tight focus of the cavity and coupled out of the cavity by minus-first order diffraction from a small-period grating etched into a high-reflective cavity mirror [5]. Mirror degradation due to contamination and hydrocarbon aggregation is prevented by operating the whole cavity under ultra-high vacuum conditions. A differential pumping scheme will enable high target gas pressures in the laser focus without impairing the pressure elsewhere in the chamber [6].","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72644654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8871470
S. Sciara, C. Reimer, M. Kues, P. Roztocki, A. Cino, D. Moss, L. Caspani, W. Munro, R. Morandotti
Entanglement is an essential resource in quantum information science [1] and its presence in any quantum system can be experimentally detected through entanglement witness operators [2]. In particular, measuring a negative expectation value of a witness with high statistical confidence provides a necessary and sufficient condition to confirm the generation of a genuine multipartite [3] and/or d-level entangled state [4]. In recent years, the experimental generation of complex quantum states has intensified the need for witnesses that are capable of detecting such systems and are experimentally optimal at the same time. This means that the witness should require the least measurement effort (in terms of number and complexity of the measurement settings), include only projections on single qudits, while at the same time possessing a high noise tolerance (Fig. 1a). However, "experimentally-friendly" witnesses capable of accomplishing these tasks have not been derived yet.
{"title":"Universal Multipartite D-Level Entanglement Witnesses for Realistic Measurement Settings","authors":"S. Sciara, C. Reimer, M. Kues, P. Roztocki, A. Cino, D. Moss, L. Caspani, W. Munro, R. Morandotti","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8871470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8871470","url":null,"abstract":"Entanglement is an essential resource in quantum information science [1] and its presence in any quantum system can be experimentally detected through entanglement witness operators [2]. In particular, measuring a negative expectation value of a witness with high statistical confidence provides a necessary and sufficient condition to confirm the generation of a genuine multipartite [3] and/or d-level entangled state [4]. In recent years, the experimental generation of complex quantum states has intensified the need for witnesses that are capable of detecting such systems and are experimentally optimal at the same time. This means that the witness should require the least measurement effort (in terms of number and complexity of the measurement settings), include only projections on single qudits, while at the same time possessing a high noise tolerance (Fig. 1a). However, \"experimentally-friendly\" witnesses capable of accomplishing these tasks have not been derived yet.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"226 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74998930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873277
L. Del Bino, N. Moroney, M. Woodley, F. Copie, J. Silver, Shuangyou Zhang, P. Del’Haye
Photonic circuits are spreading as a viable alternative to conventional electronic circuits. Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) are currently used as switches in telecommunications thanks to their simplicity and speed, however they are driven electrically. Several approaches have been demonstrated to realise all-optical switches such as ring lasers in which the lasing direction is controlled by an input seed, however these devices still require additional electrical or optical pumping. An alternative approach is to exploit the change in resonant frequency of nonlinear resonators with the input power. This has been successfully demonstrated in semiconductor resonators, where the nonlinearity is provided by the carrier generation from two-photon absorption, and in dielectric resonators governed by the Kerr effect. However, this approach needs the input to be in a narrow range of power and detuning from the cavity resonance and is adversely affected by the cavity's thermal drift due to the high circulating powers.
{"title":"All-Optical Switching in Microresonators using the Kerr Nonreciprocity","authors":"L. Del Bino, N. Moroney, M. Woodley, F. Copie, J. Silver, Shuangyou Zhang, P. Del’Haye","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8873277","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic circuits are spreading as a viable alternative to conventional electronic circuits. Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) are currently used as switches in telecommunications thanks to their simplicity and speed, however they are driven electrically. Several approaches have been demonstrated to realise all-optical switches such as ring lasers in which the lasing direction is controlled by an input seed, however these devices still require additional electrical or optical pumping. An alternative approach is to exploit the change in resonant frequency of nonlinear resonators with the input power. This has been successfully demonstrated in semiconductor resonators, where the nonlinearity is provided by the carrier generation from two-photon absorption, and in dielectric resonators governed by the Kerr effect. However, this approach needs the input to be in a narrow range of power and detuning from the cavity resonance and is adversely affected by the cavity's thermal drift due to the high circulating powers.","PeriodicalId":6714,"journal":{"name":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","volume":"422 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77720709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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