MAPAN最新文献

In qualitative proficiency testing schemes, the participants’ results are categorical classifications of test items. In this case, the goal is to assess the percentage of test items correctly classified as the provider’s expected result. The ISO 13528 international standard does not provide a detailed description of statistical methods for categorical data analysis. This work proposes a novel approach to assessing laboratories’ performance in qualitative proficiency testing based on homogeneity proportion tests. Overall and pairwise homogeneity proportion tests identify atypical percentage among the participating laboratories. In this approach, the outlying percentage is unacceptable. This methodology was compared with three agreement measures: Cohen’s Kappa, Krippendorff’s alpha, and Gwet’s gamma. Preliminary results indicate that the number of test items sent to each participant may influence the performance evaluation of the participants.

To ensure the accuracy of output data, it is essential to calibrate the material outgassing test device regularly. This study first established a set of micro-flow intake systems based on the new standard leak element and then researched an in-situ calibration method for the outgassing system. High-purity nitrogen, argon, and helium were introduced through the micro-flow intake system to the outgassing system to calibrate the vacuum gauge, Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS), and outgassing amount online. The calibration pressure for the gauge ranged from 10^–4 to 10^–2 Pa, while that for QMS was between 10^–4 and 10^–3 Pa. The calibration range of outgassing amount varied among 10^–6 Pa m³/s, 10^–5 Pa m³/s and 10^–4 Pa m³/s. The results showed good linearity and repeatability in calibrations of gauge and outgassing amounts. Additionally, sensitivities, pressure and outgassing correction factors were obtained for each gas type. It was found that the correction factor of pressure is consistent with that of outgassing; moreover, sensitivities of separation gauge and QMS depended on gas type, leading to different correction factors and sensitivities for each gas. Using this in-situ calibrated outgassing system enabled measurement of electron-induced outgassing characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate. The results demonstrate the operability and traceability of the material outgassing test system with in-situ calibration used in the study.

In order to enhance the quality of evaporation data, research has been conducted on the metrology of ultrasonic evaporation sensors. By analyzing the principles underlying ultrasonic sensors and their metrological characteristics, this study focuses on the development of metrological detection devices for ultrasonic evaporation sensors. The hardware design incorporates an enhanced voltage measurement circuit along with touch display components, utilizing low-temperature drift high-precision resistors to ensure a stable resistance environment. The software employs the C# programming language to facilitate the acquisition, transmission, processing, and display of data, and incorporates the digital multimeter data monitoring channel. A comparison test was conducted between the experimental points (0, 60 and 98.1 mm), the measurement results of the metrological testing device, and the standard method (galvanometry) of the maximum difference of 0.0006 mm. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) method was utilized to evaluate the results. The uncertainty associated with the current measurement technique and the measurement outcomes of this device were assessed using the GUM method, yielding U = 0.058 mm (with a coverage factor k = 2) and U = 0.029 mm (with a coverage factor k = 2), respectively. The study demonstrated that the device operated correctly, with measurement data showing high agreement with the flow measurement method. The uncertainty of the device was approximately half that of the flow measurement method, resulting in higher quality measurement data.

The study intends to measure the sound absorption characteristics of auditoriums and office seats, aiming to comprehend and compare their acoustic performance. Paper explores specific design factors affecting sound absorption characteristics, including material composition, arrangement, and overall seat configuration. Compact seating is favoured over traditional layouts, emphasizing the importance of minimizing high-frequency noise. The study focuses on the acoustic implications of compact seat arrangements, examining factors such as the seat dip effect, high-frequency reduction strategies, spacing and density, rectangular arrangements, P/A (perimeter/area) ratio, and airgap. The comprehensive exploration of these parameters aims to provide insights into designing spaces with optimized acoustic qualities, particularly in environments with compact seating arrangements. The P/A method is recommended for predicting auditoriums and office seats absorption. It involves extrapolating from measurements in a reverberation chamber with varying P/A values, to estimate absorption in larger samples with lower P/A ratios found in typical closed spaces. The findings contribute in formulating the guidelines for architects and designers, enabling the design of spaces that emphasize optimal acoustics for various purposes, from large-scale auditoriums to professional office environments. The study also reports the measurement uncertainty in evaluation of sound absorption coefficient of auditorium and office seats in the reverberation chamber.

This study evaluates the results of an interlaboratory comparison between two Turkish Standards Institution (TSE) calibration laboratories in the field of vacuum pressure gauge calibration. The goal was to assess measurement consistency and harmonization between the TSE Gebze and TSE Bursa calibration laboratories. The comparison focused on pressure measurements at various points, and the E_n values calculated for these measurements were all below 1, indicating that the results from both laboratories were closely aligned. This confirms that both laboratories employed accurate and consistent measurement techniques, reinforcing the reliability of their calibration processes. The results demonstrate the crucial role of interlaboratory comparisons in ensuring high-quality measurements, validating the technical competence of the laboratories, and supporting the harmonization of metrological practices.

This article presents the operation and control of various faults in the radial power system network, which includes the faults identification, measurement, categorization, and protection. The continuous presence of faults may damage the components of the network. It makes the power system engineers think to identify and trip the faults. The existing methods are able to identify faults with huge complex mathematics, more data occupation, poor accuracy, poor sensitivity, and inappropriate power quality problems like higher total harmonic distortion (THD). The existing methods also take more time to trip the fault. In order to overthrow the existing methods, an optimal hybrid bell algorithm (HBA) is proposed that is simple, consumes less data, and is easily applicable, which shows the novelty of the proposed research. The architecture of the HBA is a combined operation and control of the standard normal distribution and Poisson distribution methods for fault analysis. The performance parameters like accuracy, sensitivity, and THD are used for estimation of SLG (single line to ground), LL (line to line), LLG (line to line to ground), and LLL (line to line to line) faults in the network. The validity of the method is tested on the IEEE standard 9-bus and 39-bus systems. The performance realization for fault identification and termination in a radial network has been assessed with invasive weed optimization (IWO), fuzzy logic controller (FLC), artificial neural networks (ANN), and other existing methods. It is observed that performance parameters like improved accuracy (0.41%), improved sensitivity (0.49%), and least THD (9%) have been obtained with the proposed method in comparison with IWO, FLC, ANN, and other existing methods for fault identification and classification. The HBA also shows its dominance for protection against various faults, with the least time taken (0.55 s) for fault termination and the least change in current (51%) with a simple mathematical approach. Such better results with the proposed method show its novelty. The critical situations like high impedance fault and voltage zero crossing have also been analyzed, in which the proposed approach shows its dominance over other methods. Further, the stability of the proposed method is validated with Routh-Hurwitz criteria.

In response to the national strategy for maritime power enhancement, there is a critical need for deep-sea temperature sensors with short response times and high sensitivity. This study aims to support the increasing domestic substitution trend for CTD measuring instruments used in marine surveys. By integrating high-precision marine temperature measurement requirements, we have employed a technique that involves the use of a temperature equalization block for instantaneous comparison, fixed calibration temperature points, and varying the degree of polynomial fitting. A fitting program was developed using MATLAB to compare the performance of the Hoge equation with different degrees of fitting within the marine temperature range. The study also assessed the uncertainty of fitting residuals and analyzed the long-term stability of NTC thermistor thermometers, clarifying the methods for verifying long-term stability. The results indicate that the performance of the Hoge equation with 3rd, 4th, and 5th order for NTC thermistor thermometers meet the high-precision measurement requirements of the marine temperature range. A method for verifying the long-term stability of NTC thermistor thermometers at the water triple point was adopted, and the calibration efficacy meet the requirements for the domestic substitution of temperature sensors in CTD measuring instruments and the precision demands of deep-sea temperature measurement. High-precision measurement equipment, a stable calibration environment, appropriate calibration methods, and proper data processing are essential for achieving high-precision calibration efficacy. The findings of this study contribute to defining standards for the selection of temperature sensors in marine survey CTD measuring instruments and deep-sea temperature sensors, providing a reference for the metrological calibration and long-term stability verification of NTC thermistor thermometers °C.

Metrology plays a crucial role in ensuring equitable trade and economic stability through reliable measurement traceability. As industries advance, the systematic digitalization of calibration processes becomes increasingly vital. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for digitalizing the metrology domain, focusing on strengthening enablers and mitigating barriers based on the responses of researchers and industry professionals. The study first compared the group’s perceptions using independent t-tests, then identified key enablers and barriers using Grey Relational Analysis, and finally, established causal relationships between the factors by utilizing Structural Equation Modeling to facilitate the digitalization of metrology. For causal relations, the initial model was developed by leveraging a locally developed Large Language Model (FLAN-T5-LARGE) on the available research literature, followed by rigorous evaluation based on fitness statistics. However, to construct a more robust model and compare results with the large language model, multiple combinations of enablers and barriers were systematically evaluated in view of approx. 72 quadrillion scenarios for each group based on fitness statistics. The results indicate that while both groups recognize the importance of digitalization in metrology, researchers prioritize metrological performance and addressing technical limitations, whereas industry professionals emphasize efficiency and cost-effectiveness for successful implementation. The LLM-based model showed a slight performance gap compared to the systematic approach, validating its utility. These insights provide a robust foundation for bridging perception gaps and fostering digital metrology adoption.

It is important to assess the metrological characterization of heavy-capacity weighing balances before using them, particularly when determining the volume of heavy-capacity volumetric tanks using the gravimetric method. In order to support industry with the best uncertainties in the corresponding range and enhance product quality, metrological properties of a heavy-capacity weighing balance of 30,000 kg were assessed using standard weights traceable to the National Standard of Mass. Only 7,000 kg weights of standard denominations that could be traced to the national standard were available; thus, a novel step-up method, which can be expanded to 50,000 kg, was employed in this characterization procedure. We have outlined a thorough procedure in this work that satisfies the requirements of the OIML R 76-1: 2006 standard as being economical and affordable.

GNSS-Interferometric Reflectometry technique normally uses Medium Earth Orbiting (MEO) satellites as they appear to travel slowly across the sky relative to a stationary observer on ground. In this work, we propose a novel method of GNSS-IR using a geostationary satellite by steadily changing the antenna height at small known steps, thereby producing the required interference pattern. The phase of this interference pattern is a function of the volumetric soil moisture. Our simulation results show a 6.5° phase change corresponding to a 10% change in volumetric soil moisture (VSM). The method has been verified experimentally using receptions from a NavIC geostationary satellite. Running the experiment over an extended period of a few months established the linear relationship between the phase of the interference pattern and the volumetric soil moisture, having a slope of 7.1° per 10% change in VSM.