{"title":"Identification of novel serological agents for porcine deltacoronavirus infection based on the immunogenic accessory protein NS6","authors":"Yali Li, Fangshu Shi, Lingxiang Cao, Qiankun Zheng, Yaoyu Feng, Bin Wang, Yaowei Huang","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00109-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00109-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomedical knowledge graph construction of Sus scrofa and its application in anti-PRRSV traditional Chinese medicine discovery","authors":"Mingyang Cui, Zhigang Hao, Yanguang Liu, Bomin Lv, Hongyu Zhang, Yuan Quan, Li Qin","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00106-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00106-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00107-6
Sajid Umar, Di Gao, Semin Kim, Yixi Cheng, Zhenkun Fang, Zhongqi Qiu, Weidong Yu, Benjamin D. Anderson
{"title":"Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) reveals a high prevalence of the CPV2c genotype among dogs suffering from diarrhea","authors":"Sajid Umar, Di Gao, Semin Kim, Yixi Cheng, Zhenkun Fang, Zhongqi Qiu, Weidong Yu, Benjamin D. Anderson","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00107-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00107-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00104-9
Sujeeta Pokharel Dhakal, Krishnaraj Pandey, Mukul Upadhyaya, Surendra Karki, Nira Ramdam, Sarah VanDyk, S. Premashthira
{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease in Nepal between 2019 and 2021","authors":"Sujeeta Pokharel Dhakal, Krishnaraj Pandey, Mukul Upadhyaya, Surendra Karki, Nira Ramdam, Sarah VanDyk, S. Premashthira","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00104-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00104-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00103-w
Claire A. Vázquez-Manzanilla, María F. Cárdenas-Marrufo, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Blanco, Matilde Jiménez-Coello, Nelly R. Pech-Sosa, Antonio Ortega-Pacheco
Abstract Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs, and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved. In this case report, 33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum . The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp. was 39.4%. The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes, Canicola, Bratislava and Australis, with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:800. Clinical signs included fever, depression, decreased body condition, vomiting and hematuria. Significant laboratory findings were anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, urea and creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia and hyperphosphatemia. All leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites (i.e., E. canis and A. phagocytophilum ); only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both hemoparasites. Findings also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be monitored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.
{"title":"Clinical features of chronic kidney disease in dogs with the serological presence of Leptospira spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum","authors":"Claire A. Vázquez-Manzanilla, María F. Cárdenas-Marrufo, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Blanco, Matilde Jiménez-Coello, Nelly R. Pech-Sosa, Antonio Ortega-Pacheco","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00103-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00103-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs, and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved. In this case report, 33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum . The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp. was 39.4%. The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes, Canicola, Bratislava and Australis, with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:800. Clinical signs included fever, depression, decreased body condition, vomiting and hematuria. Significant laboratory findings were anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, urea and creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia and hyperphosphatemia. All leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites (i.e., E. canis and A. phagocytophilum ); only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both hemoparasites. Findings also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be monitored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The clinical application of solid lipid particles (SLPs) is hampered due to the need for advanced nano/micro-suspension production technology. This research aims to establish a pilot-scale production line employing high-speed shears as emulsification equipment. The primary purpose is to manufacture nano/micro-suspensions using solid lipid particles (SLPs). The study also exhaustively introduces and analyzes the regulatory schemes for process parameters and formulations at various stages of production. The process and formulation endured optimization through orthogonal or single-factor tests at various production steps: laboratory research, small-scale trial production, and pilot production. Quality standards for the product were determined, and key parameters were obtained at each stage. The laboratory research demonstrated that the optimal SLPs comprised 15 mL 3% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) per 1.0 g tilmicosin and 2.5 g carnauba wax (WAX). During small-scale production, modifications were made to the volume of the aqueous phase, emulsifier concentration, and emulsification strength, setting them to 16 mL, 5%, and 2200 r/min, respectively. In the pilot production stage, the shear time was considered optimal at eight min. The impurity, content, polydispersion coefficient (PDI), and size of the pilot product were < 3%, 5%, 0.385 and 2.64 μm, respectively. Among the several parameters studied, heating temperature, drug-lipid ratio, and emulsifier concentration were identified as the main factors affecting product quality, and they were regulated at 100℃, 1:3, and 5%, respectively. A novel hot melt emulsification shear method aided the development of a new solid lipid-based suspension from its preliminary stages in the laboratory to pilot production. This innovation is expected to enhance solid lipid-based suspensions' industrial evolution extensively.
由于需要先进的纳米/微悬浮液生产技术，固体脂质颗粒(SLPs)的临床应用受到阻碍。本研究旨在建立一条以高速剪切机为乳化设备的中试生产线。主要目的是使用固体脂质颗粒(SLPs)制造纳米/微悬浮液。研究还详尽地介绍和分析了不同生产阶段的工艺参数和配方的调节方案。通过实验室研究、小规模试制和中试生产等不同生产步骤的正交或单因素试验，对工艺和配方进行了优化。确定了产品的质量标准，并获得了各阶段的关键参数。实验室研究表明，最佳SLPs为每1.0 g替米考辛15 mL 3%聚乙烯醇(PVA)和2.5 g巴西棕榈蜡(wax)。在小规模生产中，对水相体积、乳化剂浓度和乳化强度进行了修改，分别设置为16 mL、5%和2200 r/min。在中试生产阶段，剪切时间为8 min为最佳。中试产品的杂质、含量、多分散系数(PDI)和粒度为;分别为3%、5%、0.385和2.64 μm。在研究的几个参数中，确定了加热温度、药脂比和乳化剂浓度是影响产品质量的主要因素，并将其分别调节在100℃、1:3和5%。一种新型的热熔乳化剪切方法帮助新型固体脂基悬浮液从实验室的初步阶段发展到中试生产。这一创新有望广泛促进固体脂基悬浮液的工业发展。
{"title":"Hot melt emulsification shear method for solid lipid-based suspension: from laboratory-scale to pilot-scale production","authors":"Chao Li, Wenqing Xie, Liwen Yuan, Mubbashar Abbas, Dongmei Chen, Shuyu Xie","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00098-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00098-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The clinical application of solid lipid particles (SLPs) is hampered due to the need for advanced nano/micro-suspension production technology. This research aims to establish a pilot-scale production line employing high-speed shears as emulsification equipment. The primary purpose is to manufacture nano/micro-suspensions using solid lipid particles (SLPs). The study also exhaustively introduces and analyzes the regulatory schemes for process parameters and formulations at various stages of production. The process and formulation endured optimization through orthogonal or single-factor tests at various production steps: laboratory research, small-scale trial production, and pilot production. Quality standards for the product were determined, and key parameters were obtained at each stage. The laboratory research demonstrated that the optimal SLPs comprised 15 mL 3% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) per 1.0 g tilmicosin and 2.5 g carnauba wax (WAX). During small-scale production, modifications were made to the volume of the aqueous phase, emulsifier concentration, and emulsification strength, setting them to 16 mL, 5%, and 2200 r/min, respectively. In the pilot production stage, the shear time was considered optimal at eight min. The impurity, content, polydispersion coefficient (PDI), and size of the pilot product were < 3%, 5%, 0.385 and 2.64 μm, respectively. Among the several parameters studied, heating temperature, drug-lipid ratio, and emulsifier concentration were identified as the main factors affecting product quality, and they were regulated at 100℃, 1:3, and 5%, respectively. A novel hot melt emulsification shear method aided the development of a new solid lipid-based suspension from its preliminary stages in the laboratory to pilot production. This innovation is expected to enhance solid lipid-based suspensions' industrial evolution extensively.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136234369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The rapid expansion of large-scale pig farming has brought about a surge in viral diseases with high morbidity rates and diverse manifestations. This widespread occurrence of multiple viral diseases in pig farms has inflicted severe economic losses on the global swine industry. Consequently, there is an urgent need for eco-friendly and efficient antiviral drugs that can effectively combat viruses and prevent diseases such as PEDV, PRRSV, PRV, and other viral infections. To this end, we conducted a study on the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of eleven different Chinese herbal extracts (CHE) against PRV. In vitro testing of several extracts, namely, Echinacea, Ilex purpurea Hassk, Ganoderma lucidum Kars, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Ilex rotunda Thunb, exhibited remarkable inhibition of PRV infection without causing any cytotoxic effects. Specifically, their antiviral selectivity indexes were significantly higher, with values ranging from 6- to 144-fold. The antiviral efficacy of five CHEs was evaluated against other RNA viruses, including PRRSV and PEDV. The extracts showed substantial inhibition of PEDV and PRRSV proliferation. Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk extracts exhibited the highest virus inhibitory effects. To understand the antiviral mechanisms underlying their potent activity, a time-of-addition experiment was conducted. The results indicated that these extracts effectively targeted the early infection and postinfection stages of PRV, PEDV, and PRRSV. The study found that the Chinese herbal extracts, Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk, had both direct and indirect effects on virus particles and cellular targets, demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple clinical strains of PRV and PEDV. These findings provide a strong foundation for the development of herbal medicines to prevent and treat infections caused by PRV, PEDV and PRRSV in the swine industry. The identified extracts show great promise for the formulation of effective and environmentally friendly antiviral interventions. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Chinese herbal extracts with antiviral activity: evaluation, mechanisms, and potential for preventing PRV, PEDV and PRRSV infections","authors":"Yumei Sun, Chang Li, Zhongzhu Liu, Wei Zeng, Muhammad Jamil Ahmad, Mengjia Zhang, Lina Liu, Shujun Zhang, Wentao Li, Qigai He","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00091-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00091-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rapid expansion of large-scale pig farming has brought about a surge in viral diseases with high morbidity rates and diverse manifestations. This widespread occurrence of multiple viral diseases in pig farms has inflicted severe economic losses on the global swine industry. Consequently, there is an urgent need for eco-friendly and efficient antiviral drugs that can effectively combat viruses and prevent diseases such as PEDV, PRRSV, PRV, and other viral infections. To this end, we conducted a study on the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of eleven different Chinese herbal extracts (CHE) against PRV. In vitro testing of several extracts, namely, Echinacea, Ilex purpurea Hassk, Ganoderma lucidum Kars, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Ilex rotunda Thunb, exhibited remarkable inhibition of PRV infection without causing any cytotoxic effects. Specifically, their antiviral selectivity indexes were significantly higher, with values ranging from 6- to 144-fold. The antiviral efficacy of five CHEs was evaluated against other RNA viruses, including PRRSV and PEDV. The extracts showed substantial inhibition of PEDV and PRRSV proliferation. Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk extracts exhibited the highest virus inhibitory effects. To understand the antiviral mechanisms underlying their potent activity, a time-of-addition experiment was conducted. The results indicated that these extracts effectively targeted the early infection and postinfection stages of PRV, PEDV, and PRRSV. The study found that the Chinese herbal extracts, Echinacea and Ilex purpurea Hassk, had both direct and indirect effects on virus particles and cellular targets, demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple clinical strains of PRV and PEDV. These findings provide a strong foundation for the development of herbal medicines to prevent and treat infections caused by PRV, PEDV and PRRSV in the swine industry. The identified extracts show great promise for the formulation of effective and environmentally friendly antiviral interventions. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Management strategies and the use of advanced technologies are equally important for determining the sample number and sampling frame for successful field sampling for animal disease prevalence studies. The quality of the biological samples collected in the field has a direct bearing on the integrity of the data generated, prevalence estimates and subsequent policy decisions on disease control. Hence, compromising the quality of biological samples collected in the field could potentially undermine the priority setting principles in disease control strategies. Biological samples collected from domestic animals in the field are precious materials and require meticulous planning for sample collection, sample storage in the field, transportation, and storage in the laboratory. Poorly managed field sampling has a significant detrimental impact on the sample quality and quantity and directly affects the accuracy of disease prevalence data. A bad choice of sampling tools, containers, storage and transport all have a negative impact on the integrity of the sample and consequently have an impact on the outcome. Over the last two years, as part of our one health animal sampling work in India, we have observed challenges and opportunities in the field sampling of animals for disease prevalence studies. This paper aims to provide information on management practices and technologies for efficient biological sample collection from the field and ensure that good quality samples are available for testing.
{"title":"Management practices and technologies for efficient biological sample collection from domestic animals with special reference to Indian field conditions","authors":"Gokula Kannan Ragavan, Purushothaman Selvaraj, Dharman Murugesan, Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy Gopalan, Soundararajan Chinnaiyan, Dhinakar Raj Gopal, Aravindh Babu Ramasamy Parthiban, Karthik Kumaragurubaran, Azhahianambi Palavesam","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00096-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00096-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Management strategies and the use of advanced technologies are equally important for determining the sample number and sampling frame for successful field sampling for animal disease prevalence studies. The quality of the biological samples collected in the field has a direct bearing on the integrity of the data generated, prevalence estimates and subsequent policy decisions on disease control. Hence, compromising the quality of biological samples collected in the field could potentially undermine the priority setting principles in disease control strategies. Biological samples collected from domestic animals in the field are precious materials and require meticulous planning for sample collection, sample storage in the field, transportation, and storage in the laboratory. Poorly managed field sampling has a significant detrimental impact on the sample quality and quantity and directly affects the accuracy of disease prevalence data. A bad choice of sampling tools, containers, storage and transport all have a negative impact on the integrity of the sample and consequently have an impact on the outcome. Over the last two years, as part of our one health animal sampling work in India, we have observed challenges and opportunities in the field sampling of animals for disease prevalence studies. This paper aims to provide information on management practices and technologies for efficient biological sample collection from the field and ensure that good quality samples are available for testing.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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