Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00101-y
Xiamei Kang, Jiaqi Chen, Xiao Zhou, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Min Yue
Abstract Salmonella enterica has a wide diversity, with numerous serovars belonging to six different subspecies with dynamic animal-host tropism. The FimH protein is the adhesin mediating binding to various cells, and slight amino acid discrepancy significantly affects the adherence capacities. To date, the general function of FimH variability across different subspecies of Salmonella enterica has not been addressed. To investigate the biological functions of FimH among the six Salmonella enterica subspecies, the present study performed several assays to determine biofilm formation, Caenorhabditis elegans killing, and intestinal porcine enterocyte cell IPEC-J2 adhesion by using various FimH allele mutants. In general, allelic mutations in both the lectin and pilin domains of FimH could cause changes in binding affinity, such as the N79S mutation. We also observed that the N79S variation in Salmonella Dublin increased the adhesive ability of IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, a new amino acid substitution, T260M, within the pilin domain in one subspecies IIIb strain beneficial to binding to cells was highlighted in this study, even though the biofilm-forming and Caenorhabditis elegans -killing abilities exhibited no significant differences in variants. Combined with point mutations being a natural tendency due to positive selection in harsh environments, we speculate that allelic variation T260M probably contributes to pathoadaptive evolution in Salmonella enterica subspecies IIIb.
{"title":"Allelic functional variation of FimH among Salmonella enterica subspecies","authors":"Xiamei Kang, Jiaqi Chen, Xiao Zhou, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Min Yue","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00101-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00101-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salmonella enterica has a wide diversity, with numerous serovars belonging to six different subspecies with dynamic animal-host tropism. The FimH protein is the adhesin mediating binding to various cells, and slight amino acid discrepancy significantly affects the adherence capacities. To date, the general function of FimH variability across different subspecies of Salmonella enterica has not been addressed. To investigate the biological functions of FimH among the six Salmonella enterica subspecies, the present study performed several assays to determine biofilm formation, Caenorhabditis elegans killing, and intestinal porcine enterocyte cell IPEC-J2 adhesion by using various FimH allele mutants. In general, allelic mutations in both the lectin and pilin domains of FimH could cause changes in binding affinity, such as the N79S mutation. We also observed that the N79S variation in Salmonella Dublin increased the adhesive ability of IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, a new amino acid substitution, T260M, within the pilin domain in one subspecies IIIb strain beneficial to binding to cells was highlighted in this study, even though the biofilm-forming and Caenorhabditis elegans -killing abilities exhibited no significant differences in variants. Combined with point mutations being a natural tendency due to positive selection in harsh environments, we speculate that allelic variation T260M probably contributes to pathoadaptive evolution in Salmonella enterica subspecies IIIb.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hematology, plasma biochemistry, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed for 30 captive Ceratophrys cranwelli (C. cranwelli) to establish the reference intervals. There was no significant difference between males and females in all blood routine tests. Blood biochemistry included 17 analytes, and only total bile acid (TBA), calcium (CA), and phosphorus (PHOS) showed significant differences. Male TBA levels were higher than females, while female CA and PHOS levels were higher than males. The body composition and BMD of males and females were similar, except for bone area, which showed a significant gender difference, with females having higher values than males. The data obtained in this study can help with the medical management of diseased individuals and serve as a reference for health assessments of future populations.
{"title":"Reference intervals for hematology, plasma biochemistry, and bone mineral density in captive Ceratophrys cranwelli (Anura: Ceratophryidae)","authors":"Siyu Long, Yujing Qiao, Siyu Zhou, Tareen Muhammad-Farooq, Yaoqin Shen","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00099-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00099-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hematology, plasma biochemistry, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed for 30 captive Ceratophrys cranwelli (C. cranwelli) to establish the reference intervals. There was no significant difference between males and females in all blood routine tests. Blood biochemistry included 17 analytes, and only total bile acid (TBA), calcium (CA), and phosphorus (PHOS) showed significant differences. Male TBA levels were higher than females, while female CA and PHOS levels were higher than males. The body composition and BMD of males and females were similar, except for bone area, which showed a significant gender difference, with females having higher values than males. The data obtained in this study can help with the medical management of diseased individuals and serve as a reference for health assessments of future populations.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00097-5
Jorge Casseb, João Henrique Campos, Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
Abstract Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs. Then, this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection, encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far. The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question, looking at some evolutive aspects. The lineage of canids has shown, throughout its evolutionary history, a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes, classified as endogenous retroviruses. In this context, the genomes of canids seem to offer obstacles, which have been evolutionarily conserved, in the face of retroviral infection.
{"title":"Are dogs not susceptible to retroviral infections?","authors":"Jorge Casseb, João Henrique Campos, Luciano Rodrigo Lopes","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00097-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00097-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs. Then, this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection, encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far. The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question, looking at some evolutive aspects. The lineage of canids has shown, throughout its evolutionary history, a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes, classified as endogenous retroviruses. In this context, the genomes of canids seem to offer obstacles, which have been evolutionarily conserved, in the face of retroviral infection.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00095-7
Mohd Arish, Jie Sun
Abstract Pulmonary macrophages, such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions. While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation, recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral infections. Despite sharing similar anatomical niches, these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins, surface marker expression, and transcriptional profiles, which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations, their shared functions, and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis and respiratory viral infections.
{"title":"Monocyte and macrophage function in respiratory viral infections","authors":"Mohd Arish, Jie Sun","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00095-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00095-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pulmonary macrophages, such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions. While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation, recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral infections. Despite sharing similar anatomical niches, these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins, surface marker expression, and transcriptional profiles, which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations, their shared functions, and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis and respiratory viral infections.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the global progress of bone tumor research, established stable and long-lasting transgenic chondrosarcoma (CSA) cell lines are rare, mainly of murine and human origin, while the establishment of canine CSA cell lines has yet to be reported. This study established a canine CSA cell line to facilitate the basic clinical study of canine CSA. Fifty five cases of canine osteolytic disease were collected, and more than 10 bone tumor samples from dogs with typical clinical signs were used for primary cell culture. A cell line with stable passaging for more than 100 generations and mouse tumorigenic ability was successfully cultured. According to the clinical characteristics of the dog and the histopathological results of the primary tumor, CSA was diagnosed, and the CSA cell line was designated Mango. Immunohistochemical (IHC) results showed that the immunoreactivity of bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), vimentin (VIM) and S100 were positive. However, the immunoreactivity of pan-cytokeratin (PCK), chromogranin A (CGA), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) was negative. Immunofluorescence (IF) results showed that the protein expressions in the Mango cell line were consistent with the IHC identification of the primary tumor. The Mango cell line’s doubling time was 43.92 h, and the cell formation rate exceeded 20%. There were abnormal chromosome numbers, hetero staining with toluidine blue, and certain calcification abilities. It could be passaged stably and continuously without changing the cell morphology and characteristics. In vivo, the cells were successfully injected into the nude mice model with a tumorigenic rate of 100%. The immunophenotype of the xenograft tumor was consistent with that of the primary tumor. Therefore, we effectively established a canine CSA cell line. As a promising cell material, this cell line can be used to construct a tumor-bearing model conducive to the subsequent basic research of canine CSA. Moreover, because of its similarity to human CSA, the animal model of CSA is also indispensable for investigating human CSA.
{"title":"Establishment and characterization of a canine chondrosarcoma cell line: Mango","authors":"Meilin Wang, Xiao Wang, Lixin He, Hongbo Gao, Wenxuan Li, Huili Feng, Qingyuan Zhao, Wenwen Zhang, Chengzong Li, Bohan Zhang, Changwei Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00094-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00094-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the global progress of bone tumor research, established stable and long-lasting transgenic chondrosarcoma (CSA) cell lines are rare, mainly of murine and human origin, while the establishment of canine CSA cell lines has yet to be reported. This study established a canine CSA cell line to facilitate the basic clinical study of canine CSA. Fifty five cases of canine osteolytic disease were collected, and more than 10 bone tumor samples from dogs with typical clinical signs were used for primary cell culture. A cell line with stable passaging for more than 100 generations and mouse tumorigenic ability was successfully cultured. According to the clinical characteristics of the dog and the histopathological results of the primary tumor, CSA was diagnosed, and the CSA cell line was designated Mango. Immunohistochemical (IHC) results showed that the immunoreactivity of bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), vimentin (VIM) and S100 were positive. However, the immunoreactivity of pan-cytokeratin (PCK), chromogranin A (CGA), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) was negative. Immunofluorescence (IF) results showed that the protein expressions in the Mango cell line were consistent with the IHC identification of the primary tumor. The Mango cell line’s doubling time was 43.92 h, and the cell formation rate exceeded 20%. There were abnormal chromosome numbers, hetero staining with toluidine blue, and certain calcification abilities. It could be passaged stably and continuously without changing the cell morphology and characteristics. In vivo, the cells were successfully injected into the nude mice model with a tumorigenic rate of 100%. The immunophenotype of the xenograft tumor was consistent with that of the primary tumor. Therefore, we effectively established a canine CSA cell line. As a promising cell material, this cell line can be used to construct a tumor-bearing model conducive to the subsequent basic research of canine CSA. Moreover, because of its similarity to human CSA, the animal model of CSA is also indispensable for investigating human CSA.","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00090-y
Qiuhua Li, Yanyan Qu, Li Yao, Ning Ma, Mingxing Ding, Yi Ding
{"title":"Preparation of anti-canine interleukin-31 receptor alpha polyclonal antibody and evaluation of its therapeutic effect in canine atopic dermatitis","authors":"Qiuhua Li, Yanyan Qu, Li Yao, Ning Ma, Mingxing Ding, Yi Ding","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00090-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00090-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47611982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00088-6
Mlyashimbi Helikumi, S. Mushayabasa
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of trypanosomiasis control strategies in communities where human, cattle and wildlife interact","authors":"Mlyashimbi Helikumi, S. Mushayabasa","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00088-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00088-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00087-7
N. Haley, J. Richt
{"title":"Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease: two sides of the prion coin","authors":"N. Haley, J. Richt","doi":"10.1186/s44149-023-00087-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00087-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47159448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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