中国医学科学院学报最新文献

Bisphosphonates(BP),a class of commonly used medications for treating osteoporosis and bone malignancies,significantly affect bone metabolism.When dental implants are placed in patients receiving BP,the potential impacts of BP on the formation and long-term maintenance of implant osseointegration cannot be ignored.In addition,the influence of dental implants on the occurrence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is garnering attention.This article explores the influences of BP on the stability of dental implants based on a review of previous animal and clinical studies,discusses the impact of dental implants on the occurrence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,and proposes suggestions for the dental implant treatment of patients taking BP in clinical practice.This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the related research and clinical treatment.

Most tumor cells and healthy neurons are at rest during G0 phase.Once the cell cycle is abnormally re-entered under certain conditions,the proliferation of tumor cells and the degenerative necrosis of neurons can be initiated.From the perspective of the cell cycle,cancer and central nervous system diseases,two seemingly different disease types,have a common pathogenesis.This type of diseases is named aberrant cell cycle diseases.As a newly discovered microRNA(miR),miR-1976 is closely related to the regulation of the cell cycle.This review summarizes the progress in the research on miR-1976 in cancer and central nervous system diseases,aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of miR-1976 in aberrant cell cycle diseases in the future.

Objective To analyze the changing trends of the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in China from 1990 to 2021 and provide a basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods The standardized incidence rate,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rate of NAFLD in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The average annual percentage change of rate data was calculated by Joinpoint 4.2 and the age,period,and birth cohort effects of the prevalence and DALY rate were analyzed by the age-period-cohort model.Results Compared to 1990,the incidence rate and prevalence of NAFLD have been on the rise,while the mortality and DALY rate have been declining.The age effect curves of prevalence and DALY rate showed an upward trend followed by a downward trend for both males and females.With the period from 1992 to 1996 as the reference group,the period effect curve of prevalence showed a downward trend followed by an upward trend,being the lowest in the period from 2002 to 2006(RR=0.93).The period effect curve of DALY rate showed a downward trend from 1992 to 2011 and then tended to flatten out.With the period from 1972 to 1981 as the reference group,the birth cohort effect curve of prevalence showed a steady upward trend in the general population and both male and female populations.The birth cohort effect curve of DALY rate showed an overall upward trend followed by a downward trend,with the peak occurring in the birth cohort group between 1922 and 1931.The DALY rate of NAFLD caused by smoking and high fasting blood glucose has shown a downward trend since 2014,and fasting blood glucose gradually became the dominant factor as age increased.Conclusions From 1990 to 2021,NAFLD in China has shown a rising prevalence but a significantly declining DALY rate.This suggests that current prevention and control strategies are effective,and further efforts should be made to raise residents' health awareness in controlling the occurrence and development of NAFLD.

This paper explores the impacts of accelerated rehabilitation protocols following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)on bone tunnel enlargement(BTE).While accelerated rehabilitation can shorten the recovery time and improve the knee function,it may increase the risk of BTE.In the early rehabilitation phase after ACLR,excessive early weight-bearing and rapid progression of knee flexion angles should be avoided,along with the proper use of braces.Continuous passive motion is not recommended in the early phase post-ACLR to prevent potential effects on BTE.Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of BTE and develop more effective rehabilitation strategies.This will help to select appropriate rehabilitation protocols for patients and balance functional recovery with the risk of BTE,thereby reducing the revision rate and improving postoperative outcomes.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection,with a high mortality rate.Sirtuin 3,a deacetylase within mitochondria,plays an important regulatory role in cellular metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammatory responses.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the study of the function and regulatory role of sirtuin 3 in sepsis-related diseases.Research has shown that sirtuin 3 can alleviate organ damage caused by sepsis by regulating mitochondrial function,reducing oxidative stress,and inhibiting inflammatory responses.The specific mechanisms include the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics,activation of antioxidant enzyme systems,and inhibition of inflammatory mediator expression.In addition,sirtuin 3 plays a protective role in the pathological process of sepsis by interacting with multiple signaling pathways.This article summarizes the functions and regulatory mechanisms of sirtuin 3 in various sepsis-related diseases,aiming to provide new targets and strategies for the prevention and treatment of sepsis in the future.

Objective To explore the relationships of cognitive impairment with cardiovascular death and all-cause death in menopausal women with hypertension.Methods A total of 4 595 natural-menopausal women with hypertension screened in Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province from July to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects,and a follow-up investigation of death information was completed from June to August 2022.According to the baseline mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score,all subjects were allocated into a normal cognitive function group and a cognitive impairment group.The basic characteristics and the cumulative risk of death evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier curve were compared between two groups.The multivariate Cox regression model was adopted to analyze the effect of cognitive function on death,and the relationship between MMSE score and death was fitted by the restricted cubic spline.Results A total of 4 595 subjects with the mean age of(65.1±8.4)years were included in this study,in which and 1 859(40.5%)patients with cognitive impairment were detected.During a mean follow-up period of(3.9±0.4)years,199 all-cause deaths were collected,including 102 cardiovascular deaths.The normal cognitive function group and the cognitive impairment group had the cumulative all-cause death rates of 2.6%and 6.9%and the cumulative cardiovascular death rates of 1.0%and 4.0%,respectively.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative risks of all-cause death(χ²=47.287,P<0.001)and cardiovascular death(χ²=45.169,P<0.001)in the cognitive impairment group were higher than those in the normal cognitive function group.The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that compared with the normal cognitive function group,the cognitive impairment group had increased risks of all-cause death(HR=1.75,95%CI=1.28-2.39,P<0.001)and cardiovascular death(HR=2.56,95%CI=1.61-4.09,P<0.001).The results of the restricted cubic spline curve fitting showed that the MMSE score had linearly negative correlations with the risk of all-cause death(P_all<0.001, P n o n - l i n e a r i t y=0.519)and cardiovascular death(P_all<0.001, P n o n - l i n e a r i t y=0.195).Conclusion Cognitive impairment is an independent risk factor for all-cause death and cardiovascular death in menopausal women with hypertension,and early identification of cognitive impairment in this population is essential for timely intervention.

Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma(NMZL),the least common subtype of marginal zone lymphoma,represents a low-grade malignancy arising from the marginal zone of lymph node follicles,composed of small B-cells with an inert non-Hodgkin lymphoma nature.It accounts for 1.5% to 1.8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 10% of all marginal zone lymphomas.The low incidence and lack of typical clinical and pathological features pose a challenge to the diagnosis and clinical management of NMZL.In this article,we reported the diagnosis and treatment of a case of NMZL located in the parapharyngeal space of the left neck and reviewed the relevant literature from both domestic and international sources.We summarized the clinical manifestations,histopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics,imaging features,diagnosis and treatment modalities,and prognosis of NMZL.

Objective To explore the regulatory effects of cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-ɑ),gamma interferon(IFN-γ),granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)on spontaneous pyroptosis in neutrophils.Methods Neutrophils isolated from mouse bone marrow by density-gradient centrifugation were cultured in vitro for 20 h with or without 10,50 or 100 ng/mL IL-1β,IL-6,IFN-γ,G-CSF or GM-CSF,or for 12 h with or without 1,10 or 50 ng/mL TNF-α.After incubation,cells were stained with annexin Ⅴ(AV)/propidium iodide(PI),and the proportions and absolute number of neutrophils undergoing different forms of cell death were determined by fluorescence microscopy combined with manual counting.Pyroptotic neutrophils were identified by cell morphology in conjunction with AV/PI staining.Flow cytometry with counting beads was employed to measure the proportions and number of AV/PI-stained Ly6g⁺neutrophils in different forms of cell death.Western blotting was employed to assess the cleavage and activation levels of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3(caspase-3)and gasdermin E(GSDME).Results Treatment with IL-1β or IL-6 had no significant effect on the proportion or number of neutrophils undergoing spontaneous pyroptosis.After 12 h of treatment with TNF-α at 1,10,and 50 ng/mL,the proportions of pyroptotic neutrophils were(14.79±0.45)%,(19.99±3.02)%,and(20.66±1.99)%,respectively,higher than that[(10.22±1.12)%]in the untreated control(P=0.024,P<0.001,and P<0.001,respectively).Treatment with 10,50,and 100 ng/mL IFN-γ for 20 h reduced the proportion of pyroptotic neutrophils from(17.43±1.88)%to 12.00%(all P<0.001).G-CSF at 10,50,and 100 ng/mL reduced the proportion of pyroptotic cells to around 6.00%and greatly inhibited the cleavage of both caspase-3 and GSDME.After 20 h of treatment with 10,50,and 100 ng/mL GM-CSF,the proportions of pyroptotic neutrophils decreased to(7.52±0.53)%,(5.27±2.30)%,and(0.64±1.11)%,respectively.Conclusions Neither IL-1β nor IL-6 affects GSDME-mediated spontaneous pyroptosis in neutrophils.TNF-ɑ induces spontaneous pyroptosis in neutrophils,whereas IFN-γ,G-CSF,and GM-CSF demonstrate inhibitory effects.

Hepatitis E is the liver inflammation caused by a hepatitis E virus infection.Immunocompetent patients with acute hepatitis E can spontaneously clear the infection,whereas immunosuppressed patients may not be able to clear the hepatitis E virus infection and develop chronic hepatitis.Most patients with hepatitis E are asymptomatic and present only with mild and persistent liver function abnormalities.This article reports a case of hepatitis E in an immunocompetent adult with elevated aminotransferases as the main manifestation.Hepatic fibrosis was detected by hepatic puncture biopsy.This report aims to remind other physicians to evaluate liver fibrosis when encountering acute hepatitis E,especially in patients with chronic liver disease.

Objective To evaluate the value of pre-ascent 6-minute walking test performed at a high altitude in predicting the incidence of acute mountain sickness(AMS)induced by rapid ascent to a very high altitude.Methods After baseline information was collected,participants completed the 6-minute walking test at a high altitude of 2 900 m.Then,they rapidly ascended to a very high altitude of 5 000 m.The Lake Louise score was recorded to assess AMS.Results The AMS group showed a shorter pre-ascent 6-minute walking distance(6MWD)at the high altitude than the non-AMS group[480.00(450.00,521.75)m vs.546.00(516.50,568.50)m,P=0.006].No difference was observed regarding the pre-ascent heart rate or peripheral oxygen saturation(both P>0.05).The pre-ascent 6MWD at the high altitude was negatively correlated with the Lake Louise score assessed after rapid ascent to the very high altitude(r=-0.497,P=0.012).Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the pre-ascent 6MWD at the high altitude was associated with the risk of AMS induced by rapid ascent to the very high altitude(OR=0.971,95% CI=0.947-0.996,P=0.022).The results indicated that the pre-ascent 6MWD demonstrated ideal prediction performance(area under receiver operating characteristic curve=0.846,P=0.006).Conclusion The pre-ascent 6MWD recorded at the high altitude is a convenient and reliable predictor of the AMS induced by rapid ascent to the very high altitude.