Acta dermato-venereologica最新文献

Skin diseases manifesting as agminated pigmented lesions have overlapping clinical manifestations. Therefore, accurate differentiation is challenging. The clinical characteristics, histopathological findings, and treatment response of patients diagnosed with partial unilateral lentiginosis, nevus spilus, or linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis were retrospectively analysed. Each disease demonstrated distinct demographic and clinical characteristics, and the responses to laser treatment varied. The median age at onset varied significantly among the groups: 0.1, 6.6, and 0.5 years in patients with nevus spilus, partial unilateral lentiginosis, and linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis, respectively. Regarding the locations of the skin lesions, partial unilateral lentiginosis occurred predominantly on the head and neck, while approximately half of nevus spilus and linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis were observed on the extremities. Although linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis and partial unilateral lentiginosis share a similar histological feature of basal hyperpigmentation, patients with linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis showed the best response to laser treatment, while patients with partial unilateral lentiginosis demonstrated a poor treatment response. The study's data may provide important clues for the differential diagnosis and clinical decision-making regarding the treatment of these agminated pigmented lesions.

Secondary prevention of skin cancer consists in early detection of malignant lesions through patients' mole self-examination and medical examination. The objective of this study was to assess the self-reported  frequency of mole examination in a large, representative sample of the adult general population of 17 countries from all continents. Of a total of 17,001 participants, 4.8% had their moles checked by a dermatologist more than once a year, 11.3% once a year, 8.4% every 2-3 years, 12.4% once in a while, 10.3% once in lifetime, and 52.6% of participants had never performed a mole examination. Egypt was the country with the highest prevalence of people who performed a moles check more than once a year (15.9%), followed by Brazil and the USA. A higher frequency of mole checks was associated with sex (man vs woman), higher education, higher income, fair phototype, history of skin cancer, medical insurance, and sun-protective behaviours. Despite recommendations by health providers, it appears that the frequency of mole checks in the general population is still low. It is necessary for dermatologists to keep informing at-risk populations about the importance of moles check, with particular care regarding categories that less frequently adhere to secondary prevention measures.

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Acral melanoma is a clinical subtype of melanoma with high mortality, on which research is limited in scope. This study aimed to assess incidence trends and melanoma-specific survival rates for acral melanoma in the Swedish population from 1990 to 2020.This cross-sectional study included patients with an acral melanoma diagnosis from 1990 to 2020 from the nationwide, population-based Swedish Melanoma Registry. Analyses on acral melanoma melanoma-specific survival rates were adjusted for age, sex, histopathological subtype, and tumour thickness. Clinicopathological features and melanoma-specific survival rates were compared between diagnostic periods: 1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2020, respectively. Changes in standardized incidence rates in 1996-2020 were evaluated separately for males and females. In total, 1,000 acral melanomas in 999 patients were included in the study. No significant yearly change in standardized incidence rates for either males or females was observed, even though the absolute number of cases increased. Factors such as male sex, age ≥ 70 years, and Breslow thickness > 1.0 were independently linked to lower melanoma-specific survival. The 5-year melanoma-specific survival across the studied period ranged from 75.8% to 77.9% for females, and from 62.4% to 71.7% for males.

Fragrance materials are widely used in various types of products in daily life and many of them can be contact sensitizers. Contact allergy to fragrances has been reported to be common worldwide. Unlike other groups of contact allergens such as metals and preservatives, fragrance materials in consumer products can be present as single fragrance chemicals or in the form of mixtures known as natural complex substances. Due to the complexity of the fragrance materials and the high number of fragrance substances known to cause contact sensitization, selecting suitable materials for patch testing is challenging. Emerging fragrance markers have been additionally introduced in different baseline series for screening to enhance the rate of fragrance contact allergy detection. Moreover, there have been continual updates on basic knowledge, clinical perspectives, sources of exposure, and regulations on the use of fragrance materials. Avoiding pitfalls while performing patch testing with fragrance test materials is also crucial and should not be overlooked. Therefore, this review aims to update knowledge to provide a high-quality holistic approach to fragrance contact allergy diagnosis and management.

The comorbidities of lichen sclerosus (LS) are presumed but have not been analysed in detail. The purpose of this review was to identify evidence-based associated diseases in patients with LS and explore the potential need for sex-dependent screening protocols. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 29 February 2024 was conducted using the key search terms LS and all its synonyms. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of comorbidities were generated using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. A total of 21 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 75 comorbidities analysed, only 16 (21.3%) were studied in both sexes, revealing no contrasting associations based on sex. Both female and male LS patients showed significantly increased odds of common dermatological conditions (i.e., lichen planus, vitiligo, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis), various cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., essential hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and diabetes mellitus type 2), genital warts, and hypothyroidism compared with controls. Overall, the scarcity of data currently does not support the implementation of sex-dependent screening strategies. The findings do, however, present significant associations with a range of potentially serious comorbidities, which warrants further elucidation and clinical vigilance.