Oil-rich sludge (ORS) is a by-product of oleochemical industry. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of sludge on the mechanical and durability properties of clay brick. Eight partial replacements of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, 35 % and 40 % of sludge types in clay formulation were evaluated. Eight hundred bricks with uniform size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm were hand-molded, burnt in a furnace at 900 oC, and were subjected to water absorption test and compressive test. The result shows that the water absorption of sludge blended bricks increased with increasing amount of sludge. The water absorption percentage is between 29 % and 69 %. The compressive strength of bricks is ranging between 0.85 N/mm2 and 13.26 N/mm2, whereby wet and dry sludge revealed a greater compressive strength of more than 5 N/mm2 for partial replacements up to 20 %. Clay with 20 % and less blend of ORS shows good quality of brick. Brick formulated with ORS could be beneficial for the construction economy and environment.
{"title":"PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL-RICH SLUDGE-CLAY MIXED BRICKS","authors":"Nur Najibah Ahmad Kamila, Agus Arsada, M. Zaini","doi":"10.2478/achi-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-rich sludge (ORS) is a by-product of oleochemical industry. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of sludge on the mechanical and durability properties of clay brick. Eight partial replacements of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, 35 % and 40 % of sludge types in clay formulation were evaluated. Eight hundred bricks with uniform size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm were hand-molded, burnt in a furnace at 900 oC, and were subjected to water absorption test and compressive test. The result shows that the water absorption of sludge blended bricks increased with increasing amount of sludge. The water absorption percentage is between 29 % and 69 %. The compressive strength of bricks is ranging between 0.85 N/mm2 and 13.26 N/mm2, whereby wet and dry sludge revealed a greater compressive strength of more than 5 N/mm2 for partial replacements up to 20 %. Clay with 20 % and less blend of ORS shows good quality of brick. Brick formulated with ORS could be beneficial for the construction economy and environment.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"926 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85524118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DEGRADATION OF LEUCOMALACHITE GREEN ON AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING ELECTRON BEAM\u0000 IRRADIATION","authors":"H. Bui, D. Nguyen","doi":"10.2478/achi-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82753605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This work is aimed at highlighting the recent progress of resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon gels adsorption of water pollutants. The synthesis strategies of the carbon gels were discussed to shed some light on the development of mesoporous matrix of carbon gel via the agglomeration of colloidal particles. The surface area of adsorbent can reach as high as 3000 m2/g by CO2 activation, while the surface functionalities are introduced through modification techniques for improving the removal performance. However, most of the recent studies are inclined at batch mode of adsorption with lack of information on the scale-up of the process in continuous mode. Carbon gel is a special class of porous material that can be moulded into desired size, hence a promising adsorbent candidate for monoliths and packings in column adsorption. Therefore, more dedicated works should be established to materialize the applications of carbon gel in column adsorption, particularly at industrial scale.
{"title":"Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Carbon Gels Adsorption: A Commentary","authors":"Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal, M. Zaini","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work is aimed at highlighting the recent progress of resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon gels adsorption of water pollutants. The synthesis strategies of the carbon gels were discussed to shed some light on the development of mesoporous matrix of carbon gel via the agglomeration of colloidal particles. The surface area of adsorbent can reach as high as 3000 m2/g by CO2 activation, while the surface functionalities are introduced through modification techniques for improving the removal performance. However, most of the recent studies are inclined at batch mode of adsorption with lack of information on the scale-up of the process in continuous mode. Carbon gel is a special class of porous material that can be moulded into desired size, hence a promising adsorbent candidate for monoliths and packings in column adsorption. Therefore, more dedicated works should be established to materialize the applications of carbon gel in column adsorption, particularly at industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"35 1","pages":"227 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78836311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Humans of 21st century should possess higher order thinking skills such as critical thinking and systems thinking skills. Development and assessment of students’ critical thinking and systems thinking skills should be a crucial objective for every teacher. However, only relatively recently the scientists proposed models for the development of items to measure systems thinking and critical thinking. Herein are presented theoretical issues regarding systems thinking and critical thinking, as well as examples of items which could be used to assess systems thinking and critical thinking, on the topic of manipulation of functional groups in organic chemistry.
{"title":"Assessment Tasks to Measure Systems Thinking and Critical Thinking in Organic Chemistry","authors":"Roxana S. Timofte, B. T. Popuș","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Humans of 21st century should possess higher order thinking skills such as critical thinking and systems thinking skills. Development and assessment of students’ critical thinking and systems thinking skills should be a crucial objective for every teacher. However, only relatively recently the scientists proposed models for the development of items to measure systems thinking and critical thinking. Herein are presented theoretical issues regarding systems thinking and critical thinking, as well as examples of items which could be used to assess systems thinking and critical thinking, on the topic of manipulation of functional groups in organic chemistry.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"60 1","pages":"251 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74813518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract 4-Amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione was synthesized and converted into the corresponding Schiff bases using several aromatic aldehydes. Reaction of this aminotriazolethione with phenacyl bromides lead to triazolothiadiazines, which were subsequently reduced with NaBH4 to dihydrotriazolothiadiazines. The latter type of fused heterocycle has been also obtained directly by reacting one of the previously obtained Schiff base with phenacyl bromides. NMR analysis confirmed the structures of the synthesized compounds.
{"title":"Schiff Bases and Triazolothiadiazines Derived from A Thiophene-Substituted 4-Amino-3-Mercapto-1,2,4-Triazole","authors":"G. Roman","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 4-Amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione was synthesized and converted into the corresponding Schiff bases using several aromatic aldehydes. Reaction of this aminotriazolethione with phenacyl bromides lead to triazolothiadiazines, which were subsequently reduced with NaBH4 to dihydrotriazolothiadiazines. The latter type of fused heterocycle has been also obtained directly by reacting one of the previously obtained Schiff base with phenacyl bromides. NMR analysis confirmed the structures of the synthesized compounds.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"30 1","pages":"137 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73987479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts for The XLVIIIth National Scientific-Methdological Session “Educational Methods and Means for Chemistry”, Iasi, Romania","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85356765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wahiba Chaibi, Lamia Bennabi, Imene Boukhouya, K. Guemra
Abstract Iodine transfer radical homo- and diblock copolymerization of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were carried out in the presence of iodine I2 and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as chain transfer agent and initiator, respectively. Using reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) method based on the in situ generation of transfer agents using molecular iodine I2. The homopolymer and copolymer were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The self-assembly behaviours of diblock copolymer in water are studied by viscosity and tensiometry techniques. The water-soluble fraction of P(DMAPMA-b-MMA) block copolymer formed micelles which were investigated at 25°C in water at 0.2 mg.mL−1 concentration using a tensiometry device. Dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) was performed over a wide range of concentration to determine hydrodynamic size of the aggregates.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer by Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization (RITP)","authors":"Wahiba Chaibi, Lamia Bennabi, Imene Boukhouya, K. Guemra","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Iodine transfer radical homo- and diblock copolymerization of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were carried out in the presence of iodine I2 and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as chain transfer agent and initiator, respectively. Using reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) method based on the in situ generation of transfer agents using molecular iodine I2. The homopolymer and copolymer were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The self-assembly behaviours of diblock copolymer in water are studied by viscosity and tensiometry techniques. The water-soluble fraction of P(DMAPMA-b-MMA) block copolymer formed micelles which were investigated at 25°C in water at 0.2 mg.mL−1 concentration using a tensiometry device. Dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) was performed over a wide range of concentration to determine hydrodynamic size of the aggregates.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"13 1","pages":"185 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87559873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The obesity is one of the most common physiological disorders, also it is linked with a variety of circumstances like hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2DM, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to check the changes and compare serum omentin-1, lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C), trace elements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe) and insulin resistance between the prediabetic obese patients, healthy obese, and control subjects and assess the correlation between omentin-1, lipid profile, trace elements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe) levels and insulin resistance in prediabetic obese patients. Correlation analysis between omentin-1 levels with the biochemical parameters in the prediabetic obese patients with WC, body mass index, FBG, Insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and copper was found to be negative; while significant positive correlation of omentin-1 with HDL-C, Mg, Zn, and Fe was noticed. Omentin-1 serum concentration level decrease and insulin resistance increased in prediabetic obese patients compared to healthy obese and control individuals. Omentin-1 inversely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, therefore can be used as a biomarker for obesity related metabolic disorders.
{"title":"The Relation of Omentin-1 Levels and Some Trace Elements as a Potential Markers for Diagnosis of Prediabetic Obese Patients","authors":"D. Ali, H. Ali, Mohammed M.-Al Rufaie","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The obesity is one of the most common physiological disorders, also it is linked with a variety of circumstances like hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2DM, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to check the changes and compare serum omentin-1, lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C), trace elements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe) and insulin resistance between the prediabetic obese patients, healthy obese, and control subjects and assess the correlation between omentin-1, lipid profile, trace elements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe) levels and insulin resistance in prediabetic obese patients. Correlation analysis between omentin-1 levels with the biochemical parameters in the prediabetic obese patients with WC, body mass index, FBG, Insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and copper was found to be negative; while significant positive correlation of omentin-1 with HDL-C, Mg, Zn, and Fe was noticed. Omentin-1 serum concentration level decrease and insulin resistance increased in prediabetic obese patients compared to healthy obese and control individuals. Omentin-1 inversely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, therefore can be used as a biomarker for obesity related metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"37 1","pages":"203 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81122204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatos Rexhepi, A. Surleva, A. Hyseni, Melisa Bruçi, Blerina Kodraliu
Abstract Structural characterization of edible oils after thermal treatment was made by (FTIR) spectroscopy. Olive, corn and sunflower oil samples were thermally treated at three consecutive cycles. Each cycle consisted of heating at the boiling point for 8 h, followed by cooling at room temperature for 16 h. At the end of each cycle the characteristics of oils were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and standard methods. Study of FTIR spectra of the treated oils revealed that the heating of oils caused significant changes in the intensities of their bands and produced shifts in the position of specific bands such as 3008 cm−1 and 1745 cm−1. The level of oil oxidation during different heating period was followed by the absorbance ratio at 3530/3472 cm−1. Additionally, the absorbance ratio 2853/3008 cm−1 was used as a measure of degree of unsaturation. The thermal heating of oils produced an initial decrease in the specific absorbance ratios which could be attributed to the reduction of unsaturated fatty acid content due to oxidation process. The results in this study demonstrated that FTIR could be used for assessment of the state of oils by using specific absorbance ratios as indicators.
{"title":"Comprehensive Investigation of Thermal Degradation Characteristics and Properties Changes of Plant Edible Oils by FTIR-Spectroscopy","authors":"Fatos Rexhepi, A. Surleva, A. Hyseni, Melisa Bruçi, Blerina Kodraliu","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Structural characterization of edible oils after thermal treatment was made by (FTIR) spectroscopy. Olive, corn and sunflower oil samples were thermally treated at three consecutive cycles. Each cycle consisted of heating at the boiling point for 8 h, followed by cooling at room temperature for 16 h. At the end of each cycle the characteristics of oils were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and standard methods. Study of FTIR spectra of the treated oils revealed that the heating of oils caused significant changes in the intensities of their bands and produced shifts in the position of specific bands such as 3008 cm−1 and 1745 cm−1. The level of oil oxidation during different heating period was followed by the absorbance ratio at 3530/3472 cm−1. Additionally, the absorbance ratio 2853/3008 cm−1 was used as a measure of degree of unsaturation. The thermal heating of oils produced an initial decrease in the specific absorbance ratios which could be attributed to the reduction of unsaturated fatty acid content due to oxidation process. The results in this study demonstrated that FTIR could be used for assessment of the state of oils by using specific absorbance ratios as indicators.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"1 1","pages":"263 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86467331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRH) were prepared by using monomers (i.e. N-isopropyl acrylamide; NIPAM and acrylamide; AAm), co-monomers (i.e. methacrylic acid; MPA or mesaconic acid; MFA) and a crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide; N-Bis). SRH have been prepared by thermal free radical polymerization reaction in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed for SRH characterization. The equilibrium swelling studies by gravimetrically were carried out in different solvents, at the solutions, temperature, pH, and ionic strengths to determine their effect on swelling characteristic of the hydrogels. In addition, cycles equilibrium swelling studies were made with the solutions at different temperatures and at different pH. NIPAM/AAm hydrogel exhibits a lover critical solution temperature (LCST) at 28 oC, whereas NIPAM/AAm-MPA and NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogels exhibit a LCST at 31 C and 35 oC, respectively, and the LCST of NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogel is close to the body temperature.
{"title":"Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels: NIPAM/AAm/Carboxylic Acid Polymers","authors":"Yasemin Işıkver, Dursun Saraydın","doi":"10.2478/achi-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRH) were prepared by using monomers (i.e. N-isopropyl acrylamide; NIPAM and acrylamide; AAm), co-monomers (i.e. methacrylic acid; MPA or mesaconic acid; MFA) and a crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide; N-Bis). SRH have been prepared by thermal free radical polymerization reaction in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed for SRH characterization. The equilibrium swelling studies by gravimetrically were carried out in different solvents, at the solutions, temperature, pH, and ionic strengths to determine their effect on swelling characteristic of the hydrogels. In addition, cycles equilibrium swelling studies were made with the solutions at different temperatures and at different pH. NIPAM/AAm hydrogel exhibits a lover critical solution temperature (LCST) at 28 oC, whereas NIPAM/AAm-MPA and NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogels exhibit a LCST at 31 C and 35 oC, respectively, and the LCST of NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogel is close to the body temperature.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":"54 1","pages":"155 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91152009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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