Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2023-1-0005
A. Sani, Aisha Kabir
The powdered roots and stem bark of Jatropha curcas were extracted using 95% ethanol. The ethanol extracts obtained from parts of plants were partitioned into fractions using chloroform, distilled water, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-hexane solvents of varying polarity. The crude ethanol extract and five soluble fractions of both the roots and stem bark were tested against plasmodium falciparum. The results shown a good anti-plasmodial potency at high concentration of the fraction of the roots and stem bark of J. curcas. Chloroform and n-hexane soluble fractions recorded good activity on the test organisms with 94.3% and 97.1% inhibition. The results indicated that the roots and stem bark extracts contained active compounds which have anti-malaria property. Test for the presence of secondary metabolites in the plant extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and alkaloids.
{"title":"ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTS FROM THE ROOTS AND STEM BARK OF JATROPHA CURCAS","authors":"A. Sani, Aisha Kabir","doi":"10.47743/achi-2023-1-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2023-1-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The powdered roots and stem bark of Jatropha curcas were extracted using 95% ethanol. The ethanol extracts obtained from parts of plants were partitioned into fractions using chloroform, distilled water, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-hexane solvents of varying polarity. The crude ethanol extract and five soluble fractions of both the roots and stem bark were tested against plasmodium falciparum. The results shown a good anti-plasmodial potency at high concentration of the fraction of the roots and stem bark of J. curcas. Chloroform and n-hexane soluble fractions recorded good activity on the test organisms with 94.3% and 97.1% inhibition. The results indicated that the roots and stem bark extracts contained active compounds which have anti-malaria property. Test for the presence of secondary metabolites in the plant extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and alkaloids.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75454757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2023-1-0001
Maha Nasr, M. Al-Rufaie
The goal of this study is to develop a simple and precise spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ.HCL) by its reaction with platinum tetrachloride (PtC) in aqueous solutions (acidic medium) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Accordingly, a blue complex was formed having a characteristic band at 533 nm. To obtain high sensitivity and good stability, optimal reaction conditions were investigated, like the influence of pH, temperature, time, and the optimal concentration of platinum tetrachloride, as well as calibration curves were generated. Results indicated the possibility of using this method in estimating the drug above, as the calibration curve was subject to Beer's law for the range 5-75 µg/mL, and the molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection limit, and quantitative limit were 1563.32 L/mole·cm, 0.2272 µg/cm2 , 0.5102 and 1.7007 µg/mL respectively. The proposed procedure has also been successfully applied for CPZ·HCL quantification in the pharmaceutical form.
{"title":"UV–VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE FROM PHARMACEUTICALS USING PLATINUM (IV) CHLORIDE","authors":"Maha Nasr, M. Al-Rufaie","doi":"10.47743/achi-2023-1-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2023-1-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to develop a simple and precise spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ.HCL) by its reaction with platinum tetrachloride (PtC) in aqueous solutions (acidic medium) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Accordingly, a blue complex was formed having a characteristic band at 533 nm. To obtain high sensitivity and good stability, optimal reaction conditions were investigated, like the influence of pH, temperature, time, and the optimal concentration of platinum tetrachloride, as well as calibration curves were generated. Results indicated the possibility of using this method in estimating the drug above, as the calibration curve was subject to Beer's law for the range 5-75 µg/mL, and the molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection limit, and quantitative limit were 1563.32 L/mole·cm, 0.2272 µg/cm2 , 0.5102 and 1.7007 µg/mL respectively. The proposed procedure has also been successfully applied for CPZ·HCL quantification in the pharmaceutical form.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81385382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2023-1-0004
T. Jassim, Raisan Kadhim Taresh, A. Jawad, M. Al-Rufaie
In this manuscript, to determine resorcinol (RES) in pure and pharmaceutical forms, we developed a simple colorimetric method based on the formation of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles (oxidizing agent). The electron cloud formed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an alkaline medium and then reacted (RES) in the presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer in nanometer dimensions. It can oscillate on particle surfaces when dispersed in a liquid medium. It showed adequate absorption at a wavelength of 416 nm. Lambert-Beer's law is linear from 1.6 - 12 ppm, and the analysis method was simple, sensitive and highly selective.
{"title":"SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION FOR RESORCINOL DURING SILVER NANOPARTICLES FORMATION WITH A FOCUSED PLASMON RESONANCE SURFACE USING POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE AS STABILIZER","authors":"T. Jassim, Raisan Kadhim Taresh, A. Jawad, M. Al-Rufaie","doi":"10.47743/achi-2023-1-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2023-1-0004","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, to determine resorcinol (RES) in pure and pharmaceutical forms, we developed a simple colorimetric method based on the formation of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles (oxidizing agent). The electron cloud formed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an alkaline medium and then reacted (RES) in the presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer in nanometer dimensions. It can oscillate on particle surfaces when dispersed in a liquid medium. It showed adequate absorption at a wavelength of 416 nm. Lambert-Beer's law is linear from 1.6 - 12 ppm, and the analysis method was simple, sensitive and highly selective.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79393733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2023-1-0002
A. M. Saad, Z. Motaweq, A. Al-Marzoqi
: One of the most prevalent prostatic diseases among young and middle-aged men is prostatitis. The prostate gland infections constitute a significant problem that affects men at all ages. Due to shortcomings in the diagnostic procedures, the prevalence of this type of prostate gland inflammation is still unknown. The goal of this investigation is to quantify the level of two anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 10 and Interleukin 1α, respectively in the framework of prostatic gland infections sickness. The result showed an increase of cytokine concentration (level) such as IL-10 and IL-1α in the serum of prostatitis patients. Average serum IL-10 and IL-1 α levels in serum of patients was 332.01± 9.07 and 54.55±7.69, respectively compared with control was 205.98±17.41 and 55.25±13.11. IL-10 and IL-1α concentrations in patient sera were significantly higher than those in control sera, respectively, and this demonstrated their significance .
{"title":"STUDY ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-10 AND INTERLEUKIN-1Α ON PATIENTS WITH PROSTATITIS IN BABYLON PROVINCE, IRAQ","authors":"A. M. Saad, Z. Motaweq, A. Al-Marzoqi","doi":"10.47743/achi-2023-1-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2023-1-0002","url":null,"abstract":": One of the most prevalent prostatic diseases among young and middle-aged men is prostatitis. The prostate gland infections constitute a significant problem that affects men at all ages. Due to shortcomings in the diagnostic procedures, the prevalence of this type of prostate gland inflammation is still unknown. The goal of this investigation is to quantify the level of two anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 10 and Interleukin 1α, respectively in the framework of prostatic gland infections sickness. The result showed an increase of cytokine concentration (level) such as IL-10 and IL-1α in the serum of prostatitis patients. Average serum IL-10 and IL-1 α levels in serum of patients was 332.01± 9.07 and 54.55±7.69, respectively compared with control was 205.98±17.41 and 55.25±13.11. IL-10 and IL-1α concentrations in patient sera were significantly higher than those in control sera, respectively, and this demonstrated their significance .","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91296311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2023-1-0006
Baneen Sami Tarif, Zainab Hussein AL-Hellawi
A metabolic condition known as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has spread all over the world. Pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are its defining features. In 2021, almost 537 million people worldwide had diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in T2DM more than 50% result from uncontrolled blood glucose. The prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2DM with HTN, more common than in those without HTN. Hyperglycemia is related to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). The etiology of metabolic disorders is associated with OS. On the other hand, OS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by causing endothelial dysfunction. An important source of ROS is xanthine oxidase (XOD), while uric acid (UA) has two properties: pro- oxidant and antioxidant. Sixty T2DM patients with and without hypertension participated in this research. These patients were compared to a control group of thirty people. Lipid profile, XOD and UA were determined in this research. The results of the study showed a significant increase in XOD and UA values in T2DM patients compared to controls. The elevated OS agents and lipids biomarkers mainly in T2DM group could contribute to increasing cardiometabolic risks and weakening the overall health status of the participants. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c and HDL-c abnormalities are risk factors of CVD. Dyslipidemia and elevated HbA1c in diabetic patients can be considered as a very high-risk group for CVD.
{"title":"TYPE 2 DIABETES MULLITUS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION: XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY AND URIC ACID CONCENTRATION","authors":"Baneen Sami Tarif, Zainab Hussein AL-Hellawi","doi":"10.47743/achi-2023-1-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2023-1-0006","url":null,"abstract":"A metabolic condition known as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has spread all over the world. Pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are its defining features. In 2021, almost 537 million people worldwide had diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in T2DM more than 50% result from uncontrolled blood glucose. The prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2DM with HTN, more common than in those without HTN. Hyperglycemia is related to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). The etiology of metabolic disorders is associated with OS. On the other hand, OS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by causing endothelial dysfunction. An important source of ROS is xanthine oxidase (XOD), while uric acid (UA) has two properties: pro- oxidant and antioxidant. Sixty T2DM patients with and without hypertension participated in this research. These patients were compared to a control group of thirty people. Lipid profile, XOD and UA were determined in this research. The results of the study showed a significant increase in XOD and UA values in T2DM patients compared to controls. The elevated OS agents and lipids biomarkers mainly in T2DM group could contribute to increasing cardiometabolic risks and weakening the overall health status of the participants. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c and HDL-c abnormalities are risk factors of CVD. Dyslipidemia and elevated HbA1c in diabetic patients can be considered as a very high-risk group for CVD.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78654282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2022-2-0007
Ancuța-Veronica Lupăescu, Laura Ion-Darie, B. Petre, F. Ursachi, M. Oroian
: The identification of compounds with antioxidant activity is considered to be of great interest to both the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Bee products such as pollen, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly have long been used for their medicinal and health-enhancing properties. Bee pollen is a raw product rich in secondary metabolites and high concentrations of phytochemicals and nutrients. Protein is contained in the pollen matrix at an average of 22.7% and its content varies among plant species. The present study aimed to analyze the protein content of linden and hawthorn pollen. After a delipidation step, pollen samples were extracted using ultrasonic energy and three different extraction buffers. After quantification by the Bradford colorimetric method, protein extracts were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, we evaluated the total antioxidant capacity of pollen extracts using the iron(III) reduced antioxidant capacity assay.
{"title":"PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF ULTRASOUND - ASSISTED POLLEN EXTRACTS","authors":"Ancuța-Veronica Lupăescu, Laura Ion-Darie, B. Petre, F. Ursachi, M. Oroian","doi":"10.47743/achi-2022-2-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2022-2-0007","url":null,"abstract":": The identification of compounds with antioxidant activity is considered to be of great interest to both the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Bee products such as pollen, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly have long been used for their medicinal and health-enhancing properties. Bee pollen is a raw product rich in secondary metabolites and high concentrations of phytochemicals and nutrients. Protein is contained in the pollen matrix at an average of 22.7% and its content varies among plant species. The present study aimed to analyze the protein content of linden and hawthorn pollen. After a delipidation step, pollen samples were extracted using ultrasonic energy and three different extraction buffers. After quantification by the Bradford colorimetric method, protein extracts were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, we evaluated the total antioxidant capacity of pollen extracts using the iron(III) reduced antioxidant capacity assay.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73207696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2022-1-0003
Hussen Abdu, D. Isabel, Adgo Tsegaye Abebaw, Taddesse Mengesha Abi
: The increasing of toxic heavy metal and nitrate ions contamination in water and food systems worldwide has become a core problem. Therefore, the development of real-time, highly sensitive and selective, simple technique for nitrate and toxic heavy metals ions (mercury, copper and arsenic) detection in water and food at ultralow concentrations are important for maintaining their safe deliveries to consumers. A highly efficient fluorescent chemosensor-based on polyaniline supported g-C 3 N 4 /CeO 2 nanocomposite for selective heavy metal and nitrate ions have been successfully developed in this research, by in situ polymerization method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier- Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the absence of metal and nitrate ions, the nanocomposites exhibit high fluorescence intensity. However, the strong coordination of the basic sites to metal and nitrate ions, causes fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer and static quenching leading to the qualitative and quantitative detection of metal and nitrate ions. This fluorescent chemosensor exhibits high selectivity toward arsenic (III), copper (II), mercury (II) and nitrate ion. The sensor was more sensitive for copper (II) ion than arsenic (III), mercury (II) and nitrate ions because (II) ion at (3.25x10 4 M -1 ) compared to 8.12 x 10 3 M -1 , 2.93 x 10 4 M -1 and 3.19 x 10 2 M -1 for arsenic (III), mercury (II) and nitrate ions respectively. The practical use of this sensor for arsenic (III), copper (II), mercury (II) and nitrate ions determination in Coca-cola, tap water, milk and lettuce samples respectively, were also applied. The amounts of mercury and nitrate concentrations measured in milk and lettuce were 56.66 μM and 3.18 mM, exceeding the allowable limits stated by WHO (0.1 μM for mercury and 5.9 μM for nitrate, respectively).
在世界范围内，水和食品系统中有毒重金属和硝酸盐离子污染的增加已成为一个核心问题。因此，开发实时、高灵敏度、高选择性、简单的技术，以超低浓度检测水和食物中的硝酸盐和有毒重金属离子(汞、铜和砷)，对于确保其安全交付给消费者至关重要。本研究采用原位聚合的方法，成功制备了一种基于聚苯胺负载的g- c3n4 / ceo2纳米复合材料的高效荧光化学传感器，用于选择性重金属和硝酸盐离子。采用粉末x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)和紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)对合成的纳米复合材料的结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。在不含金属离子和硝酸盐离子的情况下，纳米复合材料具有较高的荧光强度。然而，碱性位点与金属和硝酸盐离子的强配位，通过光致电子转移和静态猝灭导致荧光猝灭，从而对金属和硝酸盐离子进行定性和定量检测。该荧光化学传感器对砷(III)、铜(II)、汞(II)和硝酸盐离子具有高选择性。该传感器对铜(II)离子比砷(III)、汞(II)和硝酸盐离子更敏感，因为(II)离子对砷(III)、汞(II)和硝酸盐离子的灵敏度分别为(3.25 × 10.4 M -1)、8.12 × 10.3 M -1、2.93 × 10.4 M -1和3.19 × 10.2 M -1，而对铜(II)离子的灵敏度为(3.25 × 10.4 M -1)。该传感器还应用于可口可乐、自来水、牛奶和生菜样品中砷(III)、铜(II)、汞(II)和硝酸盐离子的测定。牛奶和生菜中汞和硝酸盐的浓度分别为56.66 μM和3.18 mM，超过了世界卫生组织规定的允许限值(汞和硝酸盐的浓度分别为0.1 μM和5.9 μM)。
{"title":"POLYANILINE SUPPORTED g-C3N4/CeO2 FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSOR FOR SELECTED HEAVY METAL AND NITRATE IONS DETERMINATION","authors":"Hussen Abdu, D. Isabel, Adgo Tsegaye Abebaw, Taddesse Mengesha Abi","doi":"10.47743/achi-2022-1-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2022-1-0003","url":null,"abstract":": The increasing of toxic heavy metal and nitrate ions contamination in water and food systems worldwide has become a core problem. Therefore, the development of real-time, highly sensitive and selective, simple technique for nitrate and toxic heavy metals ions (mercury, copper and arsenic) detection in water and food at ultralow concentrations are important for maintaining their safe deliveries to consumers. A highly efficient fluorescent chemosensor-based on polyaniline supported g-C 3 N 4 /CeO 2 nanocomposite for selective heavy metal and nitrate ions have been successfully developed in this research, by in situ polymerization method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier- Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the absence of metal and nitrate ions, the nanocomposites exhibit high fluorescence intensity. However, the strong coordination of the basic sites to metal and nitrate ions, causes fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer and static quenching leading to the qualitative and quantitative detection of metal and nitrate ions. This fluorescent chemosensor exhibits high selectivity toward arsenic (III), copper (II), mercury (II) and nitrate ion. The sensor was more sensitive for copper (II) ion than arsenic (III), mercury (II) and nitrate ions because (II) ion at (3.25x10 4 M -1 ) compared to 8.12 x 10 3 M -1 , 2.93 x 10 4 M -1 and 3.19 x 10 2 M -1 for arsenic (III), mercury (II) and nitrate ions respectively. The practical use of this sensor for arsenic (III), copper (II), mercury (II) and nitrate ions determination in Coca-cola, tap water, milk and lettuce samples respectively, were also applied. The amounts of mercury and nitrate concentrations measured in milk and lettuce were 56.66 μM and 3.18 mM, exceeding the allowable limits stated by WHO (0.1 μM for mercury and 5.9 μM for nitrate, respectively).","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73160799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2022-2-0006
Nasr Maha Salah, Al-Rufaie Mohauman Mohammad
: Trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFPH) is widely used in the treatment of some diseases such as hysteria, vomiting and schizophrenia. This study aims to develop a fast, easy, sensitive, accurate and economical spectrophotometric method for the determination of TFPH. This method included the reaction of TFPH with Diammonium Cerium Nitrate (CAN) in a medium with a pH value of 1 to form a complex. Parameters influencing the stability of the resulting complex (i.e. time; and temperature) were also investigated. The method depended on the UV spectrum at the wavelength of (499 nm) and the correlation coefficient of (R 2 = 0.9826). The results showed that the method has a good accuracy as (Rec% = 98.925), detection limit (0.408) and quantitative limit (1.361). The linearity range was 2-80 µg/mL. Moreover, this method has been successfully applied for the determination of the drug in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparation.
{"title":"SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING DIAMMONIUM CERIUM NITRATE IN ITS PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORM","authors":"Nasr Maha Salah, Al-Rufaie Mohauman Mohammad","doi":"10.47743/achi-2022-2-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/achi-2022-2-0006","url":null,"abstract":": Trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFPH) is widely used in the treatment of some diseases such as hysteria, vomiting and schizophrenia. This study aims to develop a fast, easy, sensitive, accurate and economical spectrophotometric method for the determination of TFPH. This method included the reaction of TFPH with Diammonium Cerium Nitrate (CAN) in a medium with a pH value of 1 to form a complex. Parameters influencing the stability of the resulting complex (i.e. time; and temperature) were also investigated. The method depended on the UV spectrum at the wavelength of (499 nm) and the correlation coefficient of (R 2 = 0.9826). The results showed that the method has a good accuracy as (Rec% = 98.925), detection limit (0.408) and quantitative limit (1.361). The linearity range was 2-80 µg/mL. Moreover, this method has been successfully applied for the determination of the drug in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparation.","PeriodicalId":6958,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chemica Iasi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79616745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2022-1-0002
Siyum Fikadu, T. Molla, Shewarega Yared, Abraham A. Getahun
: Wheat is one of the major cereal crops of the world ranking second after rice both in area coverage and production among cereal grains. It is also an important cereal crop in Ethiopia in terms of cultivated area, production and consumption, which is the fourth most widely grown crop after teff, maize, and sorghum. It has great importance in the human diet, contributing as a direct source of energy, protein, vitamins, minerals and fiber. However, this cereal crop is vulnerable to degradation by aflatoxins mainly by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus Parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius, which have adverse health effects on humans and livestock that ingest aflatoxin contaminated food products and feeds. The contamination of aflatoxins can occur through its growth, harvest, transport and storage. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic substances and are extremely toxic to humans when consuming aflatoxin contaminated foods. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to determine aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in wheat samples collected from two market places (namely, Arada and Azezo) of Gondar town, by using LC-MS/MS. The extraction solvents were acetonitrile and water (84:16 v/v %). Good linearity from the calibration curve was obtained in standard solution of aflatoxins in range between 0.1 and 15 ng/mL, with regression coefficient (R 2 ) values of > 0.999. Limit of detection of the aflatoxins were 0.1208, 0.0302, 0.0328 and 0.1272 µg/kg for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2, respectively. The average percentage recoveries of spiked samples were range between 70.80 and 77.23 %. Aflatoxins were not detected in both wheat samples from Arada and Azezo. 15 pre-harvest 15 post-harvest
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/achi-2022-1-0004
Carmen Mita
The researches in psychology made by F. F. Gayaraki, G. Lariccia, P. Gherardini, L. N. Landa, C. Bastien, etc. noted that there is a spontaneous tendency in both adults and children, to build an algorithmic structure when facing the necessity of solving problems. Investigations related to this method founded the “algorithmic pedagogy”. The authors appealed to experimental teaching methods to determine in what extend the algorithmization is a teaching method that increases accessibility of taught knowledge and if it lead to a more efficient teaching – learning – assessment process. For this purpose, during the 2014-2015 school year, the concepts contained in “Solutions – percentage concentration” and “Chemical formulas” learning units were taught differentiated: in the witness class (VII A) algorithmization was used and in the experimental class (VII B) the algorithmic method had been replaced with the explanation, conversation, exercise and problem solving, worksheets. Assessment of knowledge assimilated of the two classes’ students was performed by applying tests with similar content. The results were compared with the initial premise and average marks obtained in Physics in the previous school year. The paper also includes a study on the influence of external factors on the academic situation of students from VII th and VIII th grades. The results obtained from this study were statistical evaluated using the SPSS data analysis package. The interdisciplinary approach of knowledge in the integrated optional class belonging to the Mathematics and Science Curriculum Area relies on the fact that 8 th grade pupils are at the appropriate age when they are able to notice the multiple relationships existing between Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Biology. They can use the knowledge they have learnt in these subjects, as part of the common core curriculum in the optional course put forward by the teacher and chosen by parents and pupils – “The Human Body – A Living Laboratory”. The optional course mentioned above consists of knowledge pupils have already assimilated during courses which belong to Mathematics and Science curriculum area. They have had the possibility to express themselves relying on individual abilities so that information passes via the filter of their mind and soul. The final result has been a better understanding of the human body perceived in a unitary manner. as portfolio (consisting in handwriting or typed information), essays, projects and self- assessment. The centralization of information acquired after the assessment constitutes a starting point in building a thorough database which will reflect the learning progress and the factors which influence it. The teacher’s intervention will be performed adequately for each pupil taking into account his/her present and future needs. During my years of teaching I ascertained real difficulties from gymnasium and high-school pupils as far as understanding the fundamental concepts in ch
F. F. Gayaraki、G. Lariccia、P. Gherardini、L. N. Landa、C. Bastien等人的心理学研究指出，在面对解决问题的必要性时，成人和儿童都有一种自发的倾向，即建立一种算法结构。对这一方法的研究开创了“算法教学法”。作者呼吁实验教学方法，以确定在何种程度上算法是一种教学方法，以增加所教知识的可及性，如果它导致更有效的教学-学习-评估过程。为此，在2014-2015学年，“溶液-百分比浓度”和“化学式”学习单元中包含的概念被区分开来:在见证班(VII A)使用算法方法，在实验班(VII B)算法方法被解释、对话、练习和解决问题、工作表所取代。采用内容相近的测试对两班学生的知识吸收情况进行评估。结果与上一学年物理课的初始前提和平均分进行了比较。本文还研究了外部因素对七、八年级学生学业状况的影响。本研究所得结果采用SPSS数据分析软件包进行统计评估。在数学和科学课程领域的综合选修课中，知识的跨学科方法依赖于八年级学生处于适当的年龄，他们能够注意到化学，物理，数学和生物之间存在的多重关系。他们可以把在这些科目中学到的知识，作为共同核心课程的一部分，纳入由老师提出、家长和学生共同选择的选修课——“人体——一个活生生的实验室”。上述选修课包括学生在数学和科学课程领域的课程中已经吸收的知识。他们有可能依靠个人能力来表达自己，这样信息就可以通过他们的思想和灵魂的过滤器来传递。最终的结果是以一种统一的方式对人体有了更好的理解。如作品集(包括手写或打字信息)，论文，项目和自我评估。将评估后获得的信息集中起来是建立一个全面的数据库的起点，该数据库将反映学习进展及其影响因素。教师的干预将充分考虑到每个学生现在和未来的需要。在我多年的教学生涯中，我发现了中学和高中生在理解化学基本概念方面的真正困难。从化学的角度理解自然结构的困难也可以从技术系的毕业生身上观察到。关于人文学院毕业的学生，这是太多的讨论，也不是关于没有优秀学习的公民。我发现即使在学术媒体，包括技术学院的教授和工程师，在化学无知的情况下，低于一年级的化学在体育馆学习。在化学及其精细化的研究上有可能取得进展，但这项研究将只由某些学生进行。但是，绝大多数人仍然会有扎实的化学基础，这对了解生命和自然是有用的。食品既可以作为教材，也可以作为高中化学课程中特定单元教与学评价创新项目的来源。它们在化学研究中的优势是多方面的:有现成的、已知的原料，为学生所熟悉;食品加工和保存的广泛问题;新想法和创新项目的来源，并将理论知识与所研究现象的实际应用联系起来。例如，对牛奶成分和性质的研究可以真正帮助理解一些概念，如:缓冲溶液、酸碱滴定、溶液ph。牛奶是一种复杂的产品，在成分和营养价值方面都很重要。牛奶的复杂性可以作为小组项目提案主题的起点，例如:“牛奶是乳液、胶体分散体还是溶液?”、“牛奶的新鲜度是用pH值还是可滴定的酸度来表示的?”co3, nahco3或NaOH)是故意添加的。在目前的实践中，通过测定牛奶的pH值或酸度可以很容易地发现这些欺诈行为。文献数据显示值为6.6 - 6。 新鲜牛奶的pH值为8，酸度为15-19 0 T，任何超出这些值的牛奶都表明不符合工业加工要求。这些关于日常使用的普通产品的信息，可以用于设计主动的教学方法，学习和评估一些学习单元-十二课程的一部分，技术路线，如:“酸碱滴定”，“酸碱溶液的pH值”。在这种情况下，它可以提出不同的教育方法:从案例研究-监测在不同温度条件下(冰箱和室温)储存的牛奶样品的酸度和/或pH值的演变，到复杂的小组项目主题-“牛奶伪造和鉴定假冒的化学方法”。如果化学教师成功地越过了知识和信息传递的障碍，那么化学的学习就会成为一种真正的激情，这些知识和信息似乎是抽象的，与周围的现实没有直接的联系。对于今天的学生来说，在各种渠道(电视、互联网、广播、电话等)上受到各种信息的“攻击”，真正的挑战是如何选择这些信息。学生们选择的主要标准是他们在日常生活实践中的适用性。这是一种教学-学习-评估的互动式方法，有助于解决教育和实践问题。方法是通过相互作用和竞争提出的目标。小组互动方法包括:小组中应用的互动教与学方法;知识的建立和系统化方法;评估方法;激发创造性解决问题的方法;团队研究方法。提供学习概念的新视角。从同样的角度来看，关于解决方案的章节可以通过一个主题变得更有吸引力，例如“血液-一个重要的水溶液”-主题关注血细胞计数，血糖和钠血清。此外，主题对于小组项目的重要性，必须强调教师在详细规划任务、持续沟通、客观正确分析项目结果等方面的重要作用。本文介绍了2013年2月进行的一项研究的结果。这些数据是通过对志愿学生进行问卷调查获得的——162名受访者对申请教师的要求做出了积极的回答。在整个进行的研究中，我们得到了学校管理层的支持，他们认识到这些举措可能会加强学生和教师之间的关系，增加信心和使用工具，从而促进学生的知识之路，自我意识和滋补动机。关于受访者群体的抽样，我们可以说，考虑到类别是非随机的原则，对类别进行了充分的研究。我们还提到，没有平行班级的结构，因此研究的班级充分反映了各自地方的学校属性。本调查试图确定作者认为在农村学校教学/学习化学问题的重要方面，涉及五所农村学校的化学兴趣(Village Izvoare, Com)。Dumbrava Rosie, Village Cut, ComDumbrava Rosie学校- Dumbrava Rosie, Village luminiu, Com。Soimului, Poieni村，ComSoimului, Neamt县)表现为中学生使用传统方法与虚拟/现代方法的对比。问卷分析了“学生在权利/义务比方面对化学虚拟学习的使用感受”，并从化学课堂中使用和整合计算机作为辅助工具来激发学生对这门学科的兴趣，提高总体的学习水平。该研究指出了“虚拟”资源对某些学科学习过程的影响，包括学习、认真、奉献和不断努力。评价在教育中起着至关重要的作用，其重要性在永久性教育中日益增加。提高教育评价的质量是目前的目标之一。因此，这项工作的目的是突出学生的认知和形成方面作为使用替代评价方法的结果。目的是透过跨学科的项目，提高学生对这门学科的兴趣，并推广公民价值观和目标，例如公民精神和审美精神。该项目的目标是高中生，而不仅仅是。该项目倡导和促进价值观和目标，如公民意识，关心自己和周围的人，意识到年轻公民的角色。
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