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Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Resource Management, Security, and Challenges 车辆边缘计算:架构、资源管理、安全性和挑战
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1145/3485129
R. Meneguette, R. D. De Grande, J. Ueyama, G. P. R. Filho, E. Madeira
Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC), based on the Edge Computing motivation and fundamentals, is a promising technology supporting Intelligent Transport Systems services, smart city applications, and urban computing. VEC can provide and manage computational resources closer to vehicles and end-users, providing access to services at lower latency and meeting the minimum execution requirements for each service type. This survey describes VEC’s concepts and technologies; we also present an overview of existing VEC architectures, discussing them and exemplifying them through layered designs. Besides, we describe the underlying vehicular communication in supporting resource allocation mechanisms. With the intent to overview the risks, breaches, and measures in VEC, we review related security approaches and methods. Finally, we conclude this survey work with an overview and study of VEC’s main challenges. Unlike other surveys in which they are focused on content caching and data offloading, this work proposes a taxonomy based on the architectures in which VEC serves as the central element. VEC supports such architectures in capturing and disseminating data and resources to offer services aimed at a smart city through their aggregation and the allocation in a secure manner.
基于边缘计算的动机和基本原理,车辆边缘计算(VEC)是一种支持智能交通系统服务、智慧城市应用和城市计算的有前途的技术。VEC可以提供和管理更接近车辆和最终用户的计算资源,以更低的延迟提供对服务的访问,并满足每种服务类型的最低执行要求。本调查描述了VEC的概念和技术;我们还概述了现有VEC架构,讨论它们并通过分层设计举例说明它们。此外,我们还描述了支持资源分配机制的底层车辆通信。为了概述VEC中的风险、漏洞和措施,我们回顾了相关的安全途径和方法。最后,我们对VEC面临的主要挑战进行了概述和研究。与其他关注内容缓存和数据卸载的调查不同,这项工作提出了一种基于VEC作为中心元素的架构的分类法。VEC支持这些架构捕获和传播数据和资源,以安全的方式通过数据和资源的聚合和分配为智慧城市提供服务。
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引用次数: 36
Federated Learning for Smart Healthcare: A Survey 智能医疗保健的联邦学习:一项调查
Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1145/3501296
Dinh C. Nguyen, Viet Quoc Pham, P. Pathirana, Ming Ding, A. Seneviratne, Zihuai Lin, O. Dobre, W. Hwang
Recent advances in communication technologies and the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IOMT) have transformed smart healthcare enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). Traditionally, AI techniques require centralized data collection and processing that may be infeasible in realistic healthcare scenarios due to the high scalability of modern healthcare networks and growing data privacy concerns. Federated Learning (FL), as an emerging distributed collaborative AI paradigm, is particularly attractive for smart healthcare, by coordinating multiple clients (e.g., hospitals) to perform AI training without sharing raw data. Accordingly, we provide a comprehensive survey on the use of FL in smart healthcare. First, we present the recent advances in FL, the motivations, and the requirements of using FL in smart healthcare. The recent FL designs for smart healthcare are then discussed, ranging from resource-aware FL, secure and privacy-aware FL to incentive FL and personalized FL. Subsequently, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the emerging applications of FL in key healthcare domains, including health data management, remote health monitoring, medical imaging, and COVID-19 detection. Several recent FL-based smart healthcare projects are analyzed, and the key lessons learned from the survey are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss interesting research challenges and possible directions for future FL research in smart healthcare.
通信技术和医疗物联网(IOMT)的最新进展已经改变了由人工智能(AI)实现的智能医疗。传统上,人工智能技术需要集中的数据收集和处理,由于现代医疗网络的高可扩展性和日益增长的数据隐私问题,这在现实的医疗场景中可能是不可行的。联邦学习(FL)作为一种新兴的分布式协作式人工智能范例,通过协调多个客户(例如医院)在不共享原始数据的情况下执行人工智能训练,对智能医疗保健特别有吸引力。因此,我们对FL在智能医疗中的使用进行了全面调查。首先,我们介绍了FL的最新进展、动机和在智能医疗中使用FL的要求。然后讨论了智能医疗领域最新的FL设计,从资源感知FL、安全和隐私感知FL到激励FL和个性化FL。随后,我们对FL在关键医疗领域的新兴应用进行了最新的回顾,包括健康数据管理、远程健康监测、医学成像和COVID-19检测。本文分析了最近几个基于fl的智能医疗保健项目,并强调了从调查中吸取的关键经验教训。最后,我们讨论了有趣的研究挑战和未来智能医疗领域FL研究的可能方向。
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引用次数: 185
A Survey on Task Assignment in Crowdsourcing 众包中的任务分配研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1145/3494522
Danula Hettiachchi, V. Kostakos, Jorge Gonçalves
Quality improvement methods are essential to gathering high-quality crowdsourced data, both for research and industry applications. A popular and broadly applicable method is task assignment that dynamically adjusts crowd workflow parameters. In this survey, we review task assignment methods that address: heterogeneous task assignment, question assignment, and plurality problems in crowdsourcing. We discuss and contrast how these methods estimate worker performance, and highlight potential challenges in their implementation. Finally, we discuss future research directions for task assignment methods, and how crowdsourcing platforms and other stakeholders can benefit from them.
质量改进方法对于收集高质量的众包数据至关重要,无论是用于研究还是工业应用。动态调整人群工作流参数的任务分配是一种流行且广泛适用的方法。在这项调查中,我们回顾了任务分配方法,这些方法解决了众包中的异构任务分配、问题分配和多元性问题。我们讨论并对比了这些方法如何评估员工绩效,并强调了其实施中的潜在挑战。最后,我们讨论了任务分配方法的未来研究方向,以及众包平台和其他利益相关者如何从中受益。
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引用次数: 20
Capturing Dynamics of Information Diffusion in SNS: A Survey of Methodology and Techniques 捕捉SNS中信息扩散的动态:方法论和技术综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.1145/3485273
Huacheng Li, Chunhe Xia, Tianbo Wang, S. Wen, Chao Chen, Yang Xiang
Studying information diffusion in SNS (Social Networks Service) has remarkable significance in both academia and industry. Theoretically, it boosts the development of other subjects such as statistics, sociology, and data mining. Practically, diffusion modeling provides fundamental support for many downstream applications (e.g., public opinion monitoring, rumor source identification, and viral marketing). Tremendous efforts have been devoted to this area to understand and quantify information diffusion dynamics. This survey investigates and summarizes the emerging distinguished works in diffusion modeling. We first put forward a unified information diffusion concept in terms of three components: information, user decision, and social vectors, followed by a detailed introduction of the methodologies for diffusion modeling. And then, a new taxonomy adopting hybrid philosophy (i.e., granularity and techniques) is proposed, and we made a series of comparative studies on elementary diffusion models under our taxonomy from the aspects of assumptions, methods, and pros and cons. We further summarized representative diffusion modeling in special scenarios and significant downstream tasks based on these elementary models. Finally, open issues in this field following the methodology of diffusion modeling are discussed.
研究社交网络服务中的信息扩散问题在学术界和工业界都具有重要意义。从理论上讲,它促进了其他学科的发展,如统计学、社会学和数据挖掘。实际上,扩散建模为许多下游应用提供了基础支持(例如,舆情监测、谣言来源识别和病毒式营销)。为了理解和量化信息扩散动力学,人们在这一领域做出了巨大的努力。本文调查和总结了扩散建模中新兴的杰出作品。我们首先从信息、用户决策和社会向量三个方面提出了统一的信息扩散概念,然后详细介绍了扩散建模的方法。在此基础上,提出了一种采用混合哲学(即粒度和技术)的新分类法,并从假设、方法、利弊等方面对该分类法下的基本扩散模型进行了一系列比较研究,进一步总结了基于这些基本模型的特殊场景和重要下游任务的代表性扩散建模。最后,根据扩散建模的方法,讨论了该领域有待解决的问题。
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引用次数: 7
Deep Transfer Learning & Beyond: Transformer Language Models in Information Systems Research 深度迁移学习及超越:信息系统研究中的转换语言模型
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.1145/3505245
Ross Gruetzemacher, D. Paradice
AI is widely thought to be poised to transform business, yet current perceptions of the scope of this transformation may be myopic. Recent progress in natural language processing involving transformer language models (TLMs) offers a potential avenue for AI-driven business and societal transformation that is beyond the scope of what most currently foresee. We review this recent progress as well as recent literature utilizing text mining in top IS journals to develop an outline for how future IS research can benefit from these new techniques. Our review of existing IS literature reveals that suboptimal text mining techniques are prevalent and that the more advanced TLMs could be applied to enhance and increase IS research involving text data, and to enable new IS research topics, thus creating more value for the research community. This is possible because these techniques make it easier to develop very powerful custom systems and their performance is superior to existing methods for a wide range of tasks and applications. Further, multilingual language models make possible higher quality text analytics for research in multiple languages. We also identify new avenues for IS research, like language user interfaces, that may offer even greater potential for future IS research.
人们普遍认为人工智能将改变商业,但目前对这种转变范围的看法可能是短视的。涉及转换语言模型(tlm)的自然语言处理的最新进展为人工智能驱动的商业和社会转型提供了一条潜在的途径,这超出了目前大多数人预见的范围。我们回顾了最近的进展,以及最近在顶级IS期刊上利用文本挖掘的文献,为未来的IS研究如何从这些新技术中受益制定了一个大纲。我们对现有信息系统文献的回顾表明,次优文本挖掘技术普遍存在,更先进的tlm可以应用于加强和增加涉及文本数据的信息系统研究,并使新的信息系统研究课题成为可能,从而为研究界创造更多价值。这是可能的,因为这些技术使开发非常强大的自定义系统变得更容易,并且它们的性能优于现有的方法,适用于广泛的任务和应用。此外,多语言模型可以为多语言研究提供更高质量的文本分析。我们还确定了信息系统研究的新途径,如语言用户界面,这可能为未来的信息系统研究提供更大的潜力。
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引用次数: 8
Network Representation Learning: From Preprocessing, Feature Extraction to Node Embedding 网络表示学习:从预处理、特征提取到节点嵌入
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1145/3491206
Jingya Zhou, Ling Liu, Wenqi Wei, Jianxi Fan
Network representation learning (NRL) advances the conventional graph mining of social networks, knowledge graphs, and complex biomedical and physics information networks. Dozens of NRL algorithms have been reported in the literature. Most of them focus on learning node embeddings for homogeneous networks, but they differ in the specific encoding schemes and specific types of node semantics captured and used for learning node embedding. This article reviews the design principles and the different node embedding techniques for NRL over homogeneous networks. To facilitate the comparison of different node embedding algorithms, we introduce a unified reference framework to divide and generalize the node embedding learning process on a given network into preprocessing steps, node feature extraction steps, and node embedding model training for an NRL task such as link prediction and node clustering. With this unifying reference framework, we highlight the representative methods, models, and techniques used at different stages of the node embedding model learning process. This survey not only helps researchers and practitioners gain an in-depth understanding of different NRL techniques but also provides practical guidelines for designing and developing the next generation of NRL algorithms and systems.
网络表示学习(NRL)推动了传统的社交网络、知识图以及复杂生物医学和物理信息网络的图挖掘。文献中已经报道了数十种NRL算法。它们大多关注同构网络的学习节点嵌入,但它们在特定的编码方案和捕获和用于学习节点嵌入的特定类型的节点语义方面有所不同。本文综述了同构网络上NRL的设计原则和不同的节点嵌入技术。为了便于不同节点嵌入算法的比较,我们引入了一个统一的参考框架,将给定网络上的节点嵌入学习过程划分和概括为预处理步骤、节点特征提取步骤和节点嵌入模型训练步骤,用于NRL任务(如链接预测和节点聚类)。通过这个统一的参考框架,我们重点介绍了节点嵌入模型学习过程中不同阶段使用的代表性方法、模型和技术。这项调查不仅有助于研究人员和实践者深入了解不同的NRL技术,而且为设计和开发下一代NRL算法和系统提供了实用的指导方针。
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引用次数: 34
FPGA/GPU-based Acceleration for Frequent Itemsets Mining: A Comprehensive Review 基于FPGA/ gpu的频繁项集挖掘加速:综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1145/3472289
Lázaro Bustio-Martínez, R. Cumplido, Martín Letras, Raudel Hernández-León, C. Feregrino-Uribe, José Hernández-Palancar
In data mining, Frequent Itemsets Mining is a technique used in several domains with notable results. However, the large volume of data in modern datasets increases the processing time of Frequent Itemset Mining algorithms, making them unsuitable for many real-world applications. Accordingly, proposing new methods for Frequent Itemset Mining to obtain frequent itemsets in a realistic amount of time is still an open problem. A successful alternative is to employ hardware acceleration using Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and Field Programmable Gates Arrays (FPGA). In this article, a comprehensive review of the state of the art of Frequent Itemsets Mining hardware acceleration is presented. Several approaches (FPGA and GPU based) were contrasted to show their weaknesses and strengths. This survey gathers the most relevant and the latest research efforts for improving the performance of Frequent Itemsets Mining regarding algorithms advances and modern development platforms. Furthermore, this survey organizes the current research on Frequent Itemsets Mining from the hardware perspective considering the source of the data, the development platform, and the baseline algorithm.
在数据挖掘中,频繁项集挖掘是一种应用于多个领域并取得显著成果的技术。然而,现代数据集中的大量数据增加了频繁项集挖掘算法的处理时间,使其不适合许多实际应用。因此,提出新的频繁项集挖掘方法以在实际时间内获得频繁项集仍然是一个有待解决的问题。一个成功的替代方案是使用图形处理单元(GPU)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)采用硬件加速。本文全面回顾了频繁项集挖掘硬件加速技术的发展现状。对比了几种方法(基于FPGA和基于GPU)的优缺点。本调查收集了最相关和最新的研究成果,以提高频繁项集挖掘的性能,涉及算法进步和现代开发平台。此外,本调查还从硬件角度组织了频繁项集挖掘的研究现状,考虑了数据的来源、开发平台和基线算法。
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引用次数: 8
A Survey on Uncertainty Estimation in Deep Learning Classification Systems from a Bayesian Perspective 基于贝叶斯的深度学习分类系统不确定性估计研究
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1145/3477140
José Mena, O. Pujol, Jordi Vitrià
Decision-making based on machine learning systems, especially when this decision-making can affect human lives, is a subject of maximum interest in the Machine Learning community. It is, therefore, necessary to equip these systems with a means of estimating uncertainty in the predictions they emit in order to help practitioners make more informed decisions. In the present work, we introduce the topic of uncertainty estimation, and we analyze the peculiarities of such estimation when applied to classification systems. We analyze different methods that have been designed to provide classification systems based on deep learning with mechanisms for measuring the uncertainty of their predictions. We will take a look at how this uncertainty can be modeled and measured using different approaches, as well as practical considerations of different applications of uncertainty. Moreover, we review some of the properties that should be borne in mind when developing such metrics. All in all, the present survey aims at providing a pragmatic overview of the estimation of uncertainty in classification systems that can be very useful for both academic research and deep learning practitioners.
基于机器学习系统的决策,特别是当这种决策可能影响人类生活时,是机器学习社区最感兴趣的主题。因此,有必要为这些系统配备一种方法来估计它们发出的预测中的不确定性,以帮助从业者做出更明智的决策。在本工作中,我们引入了不确定性估计的主题,并分析了不确定性估计应用于分类系统时的特点。我们分析了不同的方法,这些方法旨在提供基于深度学习的分类系统,并提供测量其预测不确定性的机制。我们将看看如何使用不同的方法对这种不确定性进行建模和测量,以及对不确定性的不同应用的实际考虑。此外,我们回顾了在开发此类度量时应该牢记的一些属性。总而言之,本调查旨在提供分类系统中不确定性估计的实用概述,这对学术研究和深度学习从业者都非常有用。
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引用次数: 31
Efficiency and Effectiveness of Web Application Vulnerability Detection Approaches: A Review Web应用程序漏洞检测方法的效率和有效性综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1145/3474553
Bing Zhang, Jingyue Li, Jiadong Ren, Guoyan Huang
Most existing surveys and reviews on web application vulnerability detection (WAVD) approaches focus on comparing and summarizing the approaches’ technical details. Although some studies have analyzed the efficiency and effectiveness of specific methods, there is a lack of a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of various WAVD approaches. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of WAVD approaches and analyzed their efficiency and effectiveness. We identified 105 primary studies out of 775 WAVD articles published between January 2008 and June 2019. Our study identified 10 categories of artifacts analyzed by the WAVD approaches and 8 categories of WAVD meta-approaches for analyzing the artifacts. Our study’s results also summarized and compared the effectiveness and efficiency of different WAVD approaches on detecting specific categories of web application vulnerabilities and which web applications and test suites are used to evaluate the WAVD approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first SLR that focuses on summarizing the effectiveness and efficiencies of WAVD approaches. Our study results can help security engineers choose and compare WAVD tools and help researchers identify research gaps.
现有的关于web应用漏洞检测(WAVD)方法的调查和综述大多集中在对各种方法的技术细节进行比较和总结。虽然有研究分析了具体方法的效率和效果,但缺乏对各种WAVD方法的效率和效果进行全面、系统的分析。我们对WAVD方法进行了系统的文献回顾(SLR),并分析了它们的效率和效果。我们从2008年1月至2019年6月期间发表的775篇WAVD文章中筛选出了105篇主要研究。我们的研究确定了用WAVD方法分析的10类工件和用于分析工件的8类WAVD元方法。我们的研究结果还总结和比较了不同的WAVD方法在检测特定类别的web应用程序漏洞方面的有效性和效率,以及使用哪些web应用程序和测试套件来评估WAVD方法。据我们所知,这是第一个专注于总结WAVD方法的有效性和效率的单反。我们的研究结果可以帮助安全工程师选择和比较WAVD工具,并帮助研究人员确定研究差距。
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引用次数: 6
A Survey on Client Throughput Prediction Algorithms in Wired and Wireless Networks 有线和无线网络中客户端吞吐量预测算法综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1145/3477204
Josef Schmid, A. Höß, Björn Schuller
Network communication has become a part of everyday life, and the interconnection among devices and people will increase even more in the future. Nevertheless, prediction of Quality of Service parameters, particularly throughput, is quite a challenging task. In this survey, we provide an extensive insight into the literature on Transmission Control Protocol throughput prediction. The goal is to provide an overview of the used techniques and to elaborate on open aspects and white spots in this area. We assessed more than 35 approaches spanning from equation-based over various time smoothing to modern learning and location smoothing methods. In addition, different error functions for the evaluation of the approaches as well as publicly available recording tools and datasets are discussed. To conclude, we point out open challenges especially looking in the area of moving mobile network clients. The use of throughput prediction not only enables a more efficient use of the available bandwidth, the techniques shown in this work also result in more robust and stable communication.
网络通信已经成为人们日常生活的一部分,未来设备与人之间的互联将更加紧密。然而,服务质量参数的预测,特别是吞吐量的预测,是一项相当具有挑战性的任务。在本调查中,我们对传输控制协议吞吐量预测的文献提供了广泛的见解。目标是提供使用的技术的概述,并详细说明该领域的开放方面和白点。我们评估了超过35种方法,从基于方程的各种时间平滑到现代学习和位置平滑方法。此外,还讨论了评估方法的不同误差函数以及公开可用的记录工具和数据集。最后,我们指出了开放的挑战,特别是在移动移动网络客户端领域。吞吐量预测的使用不仅可以更有效地利用可用带宽,而且本工作中展示的技术还可以实现更健壮和稳定的通信。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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