Acta medica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae最新文献

Studies of the successive phases of iodine kinetics and their description on a quantitative basis provide important clues to the diagnostic differentiation of thyroid diseases and help to gain closer insight into the mechanism of action of the drugs to watch the diseases are expected to respond. It was attempted to establish quantitative parameters by experiments in vivo and in vitro in order to gain reliable information on iodine kinetics. This objective was approached from two angles: the first was to develop and to refine radioisotope methods, the second to evaluate the results on a quantitative basis by means of compartment models. Three- seven- and ten-compartment models were designed on these grounds for the calculation of the parameters suited for the description of iodine kinetics. The results were matched by analogue and by digital computer. The parameters thus obtained were found to be reliable indicators of te drug induced effects. Though the method has been used for the evaluation of animal experiments, it is regarded as suitable for the assessment of diagnostic and pharmacokinetic data in humans as well.

IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and albumin were measured in 572 samples of gastric juice and the bile fractions A, B and C obtained by a duodenal tube from 143 dermatological patients. The results were correlated to gastric acidity. The findings are consistent with the barrier function of gastric acid secretion, it having been found that, unless hypacidity or anacidity is present, the proteins in the gastric and duodenal fluid show neither high concentrations nor a wide variety. The finding that the fairly high IgA was nearly equal to the amount of IgG in the samples and that the concentration of albumin was much lower (IgG: albumin approximately equal to 2 : 1), seems to indicate that the immunoglobulins were produced by the local immune system.

The protein-free parathyroid extract (PF-PTE) and gamma-L-glutamyl-taurine (glutaurine) produced mild hypoglycaemia in rats. Treatment with PF-PTE or glutaurine prevented the development of hyperglycaemia induced by X-ray whole body irradiation with 154.8 or 219.3 or 258.0 mC/kg doses. The plasma IRI values did not change following treatment. It is supposed that glutaurine acts by its antagonistic effect on glucocorticoids but its regenerating effect on the intestinal mucosa cannot be excluded either.

The different parameters of the basal and maximal gastric secretory responses were measured in 120 patients with duodenal ulcer. The correlations between the different gastric secretory parameters [volume, H+ concentration, basal acid output (BAO), maximal acid output (MAO), maximal acid output-basal acid output, basal acid output . maximal acid output X 100] were studied in these patients, in dependence of their age and duration of complaints. A positive and mathematically significant correlation was found between the following parameters: 1. age of patients and H+ concentration of gastric basal secretion (r = 0.326; n = 120; P less than 0.001); 2. age of patients and basal acid output (r = 0.200; P less than 0.05); 3. duration of complaints and volume of gastric basal secretion (r = 0.186; P less than 0.05); 4. duration of complaints and basal acid output (r = 0.237; P less than 0.05); 5. age of patients and BAO . MAO-1 X 100 (r = 0.216; P less than 0.05); 6. duration of complaints and BAO. MAO-1 X 100 (4 = 0.197; P less than 0.05); 7. volume of gastric maximal and basal secretory response (r = 0.398; P less than 0.001); 8. H+ concentration of gastric maximal and basal secretory response (r = 0.480; P less than 0.001); 9. MAO and BAO values (r = 0.521; P less than 0.001); 10. H+ output and H+ concentration of gastric basal secretory response (r = 0.620; P less than 0.001); 11. H+ output and volume of gastric basal secretory response (r = 0.779; P less than 0.001); 12. H+ concentration and volume of gastric maximal secretory response (r = 0.298; P less than 0.01); 13. H+ output and H+ concentration of gastric maximal secretory response (r = 0.720; P less than 0.001); 14. H+ output and volume of gastric maximal secretory response (r = 0.802; P less than 0.001). A negative and mathematically significant correlation was observed between the values of BAO . MAO-1 X 100 and of MAO - BAO (r = 0.435; P less than 0.001). It has been concluded 1. duodenal ulcer disease protects the human gastric fundic mucosa against "senile decay"; 2. the changes of gastric basal and maximal secretory responses, induced by duodenal ulcer, do not supply a pathological base for gastric surgery in patients, on dependence on their ages and duration of complaints.

Separation and measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenine-adenosine, lipid phosphates (lipid P), ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), further of Mg2+-dependent, total (Mg2+-dependent plus Na+-K+-dependent) and Na+-K+-dependent ATPases was carried out in control (non-ulcerated) and ulcerated (mucosa up to 2.0 cm around the ulcer) jejunal mucosa of 11 patients with chronic jejunal ulcer, who had undergone a Billroth II gastric resection for duodenal ulcer. The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, sum of ATP + ADP + AMP, lipid-P, RNA (related to 1.0 mg DNA) and the activity of Mg2+-dependent, total (Mg2+-dependent plus Na+-K+-dependent) and Na+-K+-dependent ATPase (related to 1.0 mg membrane protein) were significantly higher in the lacerated jejunal mucosa than in the control one. The results indicate that (1) no circulatory damage can be found in the ulcerated jejunal mucosa; (2) a cellular hyperactivity (increased ATP breakdown and increased ATP resynthesis, increased RNA and lipid synthesis) occurs in the ulcerated jejunal mucosa; (3) the biochemical structure of cells differs significantly in the control and the ulcerated jejunal mucosa.

Autolysis of a homogenate from the human gastric mucosa results in the release of the reducing substances into the supernatant. The activities of the six glycosidases from the human gastric mucosa, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-Beta-galactosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-glucosidase were determined. Certain properties of the enzymes are described. The significance of these enzymes in glycoprotein catabolism in the human gastric mucosa is discussed.

In studies performed with equilibrium dialysis metronidazole was found to bind closely to human erythrocytes. In blood of haematocrit value approximately 50% of the drug was bound to erythrocytes. The ratio of bound and unbound metronidazole was influenced by the concentration of the drug and the erythrocytes. Of the intracellular proteins of erythrocytes it was the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the first place which was responsible for binding; binding to haemoglobin was negligible. Besides binding to it, metronidazole reduced the carbonic anhydrase activity by almost 50%.

On the basis of their earlier experiments the authors assumed that the ability to recognize the smell of two ketone compounds, acetone and methylethylketone (MEK), might be determined genetically. In the present work of smelling test was performed in adult Hungarian twins, 61 like sexed DZ pairs and 87 MZ pairs. No connection was found between twin zygosity and intra-pair concordance for MEK, while in the case of acetone smelling some connection may exist. A highly significant correlation was found between the smelling ability to acetone and MEK. Females seemed to be better smellers than males. Comparing the taste perception for PTC to the smell perception for acetone the supposition of a possible genetic linkage between the two traits, put forward by other authors, could not definitely be confirmed.

The effect of atropine and the beta-blocker Tobanum was studied on intrinsic heart rate (IHR) and on rapid atrial pacing carried out before and after administration of the drugs. The primary and secondary postpacing parameters were examined in both circumstances. In patients with normal IHR, return to the basic heart frequency after the drugs showed an exponential characteristic while in patients with abnormal IHR, the cycles of PPC 2-10 have lost this characteristic feature. The latter was a more characteristic electrophysiological sign of sinus node dysfunction than the recovery time of the sinus node. In patients with abnormal IHR, maximum CPPC1 is sometimes normal.

The plasma cholic acid, chenodesoxycholic acid and desoxycholic acid levels were studied by spectrofluoremetry in 153 cases. The values of 67 controls with no evidence of hepatobiliary or intestinal disease were compared with those of 86 patients with liver and biliary tract disease. The fasting values failed to provide more diagnostic information than did conventional laboratory assays. Plasma bile acid concentrations exceeding 2.5 mu mol/l are conclusive of liver or biliary disease. A cholic acid/chenodesoxycholic acid quotient higher than 1.0 is a sign of cholestasis. Estimation of bile acids after food intake was found more informative. The plasma cholic acid- and chenodesoxycholic acid levels underwent a considerable increase 1 to 2 hours after meals. A more marked increase of chenodesoxycholic acid than of cholic acid (the ratio of the two being in excess of 1.0) is indicative of cholestasis and is most marked in primary biliary cirrhosis.