Acta medica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae最新文献

It was shown in acute and chronic degeneration studies that the nerve elements of the cat small intestine belong to two according to whether they are extrinsic or intrinsic in origin. Part of the extrinsic nerve fibres originate from the vagus nerve and can be found on both intestinal plexuses, the other fibres are processes of the coeliac ganglion and occur in the first place in the vascular tunica adventitia. The intrinsic nerve cells may be classified into three groups on grounds their ultrastructure the number of synapses and processes on their surface. The synaptic connections between the different nerve cells of the internal plexuses were confirmed on chronic isolated of intestinal loops. The local reflexes provided by these connections are held responsible for peristalsis, the functional modifications of the mucosal pattern and the movements of the villi.

Inhalation of 4500 mg o-xylene by rats was found to produce adaptational and pathologic changes in the liver by the end of the 1st week, reflected in an increase in relative liver weight, shortening of the hexobarbital sleeping time, an increase in the concentration of cytochrome P-450, with a decrease in the activities of aniline hydroxylase and of aminopyrine N-demethylase. Six weeks after the start of inhalations all the changes in the liver and in the mixed function oxydase system (MFO) were of an adaptational pattern characterized by an increase in relative liver weight as well as in cytochrome P-450 and b5 concentrations, a shortening of the hexobarbital sleeping time and an increase in the activity of aniline hydroxylase and of aminopyrine N-demethylase.

After ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in dogs, conductance of the left circumflex branch and contractility of the ventricular muscular areas supplied by the left descending coronary artery and its circumflex branch were studied over 60 min. After ligation a considerable increase in contractility of the myocardial areas of the posterior wall with intact blood supply was found and a further increase parallel with a considerably enhanced flow in the circumflex branch. At the same time the contractile power of the anterior ventricular myocardium with a poor blood supply greatly decreased. A close correlation was found between the increase in flow in the circumflex branch and the increase in contractility of the intact areas. The tissue catecholamine level showed a marked increase in the myocardial areas with impaired blood supply.

Two cases of Goodpasture's syndrome are reported. Intensive therapy, extracorporeal oxygenation by haemodialysis, assisted respiration and short-term pacing were applied together with immunosuppressive treatment and repeated exchange transfusions. By this treatment combined with bilateral nephrectomy a few weeks' remission was attained in a young female patient. An intensive therapy of this kind is recommended in rapid progressive glomerulonephritis of other types as well.

In a number of hyperthyroid patients the serum gastrin level exceeds the normal range. Administration of beta-blocking agents results in a decrease of the hypergastrinaemia. The fall in the serum gastrin levels is unrelated to the effect of beta-blocking agents on peripheral thyroxine metabolism, but is associated with a decline of the plasma cAMP levels. It is suggested that, though beta adrenergic sensitivity is one of the factors of hypergastrinaemia in hyperthyroidism, other factors may be involved in its production, too.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes after incubation with concanavalin A (Con A) suppressed the mitogenic effect of Con A on fresh autologous lymphocytes. The suppression was mediated by T cells, but the participation of nylon-wool-adherent cells was also found. Nylon-wool-adherent cells, after removal of phagocytes and adherent T cells resulting in a pure B cell population exerted strong suppressive effect; adherent T cells were less active. Non-T, non-B cells (null cells) were the least active as suppressors. The Con A-induced suppressor test does not simply reflect the activity of suppressor T cells.

From 1967 through 1978, fine-needle biopsy of the breast was performed in a total of 612 cases including 415 benign and 197 malignant mammary lesions. In 16 cases the diagnosis was sarcoma, namely primary tumour in 12 cases (fusocellular, 2; round-cell, 1; chondromyxosarcoma, 1; leiomyosarcoma, 1; melanoblastoma, 1; angiosarcoma, 2; malignant cystosarcoma phylloides, 4), and metastatic sarcomas in 4 cases (round-cell, 1; reticulum-cell, 1; melanoblastoma, 2). The cytomorphology, the histology and the diagnostic problems of mesenchymal malignant neoplasms are discussed in detail, and the practical value in the pre-operative diagnosis of mammary sarcomas by fine-needle biopsy is stressed. Clinical experience has proved that this procedure is harmless, therefore its routine application is recommended.

A new method for the detection of soluble immune complexes has been worked out by combining the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method with laser nephelometry. Experiences achieved by measurements on in vitro immune complexes are presented. The method was found suitable for the detection of immune complexes development in vivo. The optimum concentration of PEG was found to be 3.51%. Results were compared to those achieved by the traditional PEG precipitation technique in 88 cases. The laser nephelometric method was found to be more sensitive and is recommended for use in clinical laboratories.

In a 34-year-old woman a non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma with extreme splenomegaly and monoclonal IgM paraproteinaemia was seen. The removed spleen and splenic hilar lymph glands showed a nodular centroblastic-centrocytic malignant lymphoma with large numbers of plasmocytoid cells containing monotypical (monoclonal) IgM-kappa type immunoglobulin. The case represents a borderline non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma with features of a follicular tumour and an immunocytoma. The appearance of peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions would support this assumption. Therapeutic measures (splenectomy and/or cytostatic treatment) and prognostic features (nodularity of the tumour) are discussed.

The responses of the normal pancrease to radiation administered to the abdomen, sacro-iliac joints and thoraco-lumbal vertebrae was studied in necropsy material. Changes were observed in every case. They consisted of vascular damage, oedema, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration of the interstitial tissue. There were changes affecting the secretory cells of the pancreatic glands and the epithelial lining of the intercalated ducts. Hyalinization of the islets of Langerhans was seen and there were scattered foci of necrosis. It is suggested that the type of histological changes may be correlated with the duration of survival after the exposure to radiation. The normal pancreas shows considerable damages on exposure to radiotherapy, but owing to its large reserve capacity clinical manifestations of the damage are infrequent